表面修饰纳米CdS制备中两个重要影响因素及结构表征

利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了PVP表面修饰的CdS纳米晶粒。考察了影响纳米CdS制备的两个重要因素Cd²⁺/S^2-和PVP,及其作用机理。确证表面过剩S^2-和PVP在反应体系中的作用是在较高浓度下制备纳米CdS的两个重要因素,进一步确定了PVP的最佳用量。通过TEM、ED、XRD、FT-IR等手段对合成的纳米粒子进行了结构表征,最小粒径为7～10nm,闪锌矿构型,粒子大小及形貌可通过改变Cd²⁺/S^2-及反应物浓度来控制。最后给出了CdS/PVP纳米晶粒的结构模型。     

一步热解法制备Cu/Fe双金属生物炭复合材料及其高效吸附Pb2+性能

使用一步热解法制备了 Cu/Fe双金属生物炭复合材料(BC@Cu/Fe-X,X=3、5、10)和 Fe生物炭复合材料(BC@Fe)。考察了Cu掺杂量对BC@Cu/Fe-X吸附Pb²⁺的影响,确定最佳掺杂比例。结果显示BC@Cu/Fe-5吸附Pb²⁺性能最好。考察了吸附时间、Pb²⁺浓度、pH、背景离子、空气中老化等实验条件对 BC@Cu/Fe-5 吸附 Pb²⁺的影响。通过动力学、热力学数据拟合分析了BC@Cu/Fe-5吸附Pb²⁺的行为,利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等表征手段解析了BC@Cu/Fe-5吸附Pb²⁺前后特征峰变化。BC@Cu/Fe-5吸附Pb²⁺的机理如下：大约42%的Pb²⁺被还原为Pb⁰,33%的Pb²⁺形成PbO/Pb(OH)₂,25%的Pb²⁺与O—H、C—O、C=O、COO、Fe—O等官能团形成配合物。Cu掺杂可以提高Fe还原Pb²⁺的能力。     

纳米Fe3O4及Ni2+掺杂Fe3O4的制备、表征及吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的特性

采用一种改进的共沉淀法制备了纳米磁铁矿(Fe₃O₄)及Ni²⁺掺杂磁铁矿(Ni_xFe_3-xO₄,x=0.1,0.3,0.6),用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、氮气物理性吸附、酸碱滴定等手段对产物进行了表征,用平衡吸附法研究了4种样品对Pb(Ⅱ)离子的吸附容量及吸附模型。结果表明,Fe₃O₄和3种Ni_xFe_3-xO₄均为近似球形的单相晶质纳米颗粒;与Fe₃O₄比较,Ni_xFe_3-xO₄的颗粒尺寸变小、表面电荷零点和pH＝5.0时的表面正电荷量降低;样品的孔体积、比表面积和表面分形度以及表面羟基含量都随产物中Ni²⁺掺杂量的增加而升高。4种样品对Pb(Ⅱ)的等温吸附数据均适合用Langmuir模型拟合(R₂=0.9942~0.9858),其相关系数的大小表现为:Fe₃O₄>Ni_0.1Fe_2.9O₄>Ni_0.3Fe_2.7O₄=Ni_0.6Fe_2.4O₄;Freundlich模型对样品等温吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的实验数据拟合度较低(R²=0.9813~0.9477),4种样品的Freundlich相关系数的大小关系与Langmuir相关系数相反。初始pH=5.0时,Fe₃O₄,Ni_0.1Fe_2.9O₄,Ni_0.3Fe_2.7O₄和Ni_0.6Fe_2.4O₄对Pb(Ⅱ)的最大吸附容量分别为6.02,6.68,7.29和8.34mg·g^-1。可见,Ni_xFe_3-xO₄(尤其是Ni²⁺掺杂量较高的产物)对水环境中重金属Pb(Ⅱ)的去除能力明显高于Fe₃O₄。     

苯乙烯三嗪衍生物的合成及在重金属离子识别中的应用

合成了2,4-二(2-噻吩乙烯基)-6-(4'-N,N-二甲氨基苯乙烯基)-1,3,5-均三嗪(2)并鉴定了其结构。在乙腈-水混合介质中,化合物2在355和416nm处呈现双吸收峰,加入Cu²⁺,Hg²⁺ 和Fe³⁺ 后,均在520nm附近形成新的吸收峰。化合物2与Cu²⁺、Hg²⁺ 和Fe³⁺ 均形成1:1型配合物,其结合常数分别为1.9×10⁵L·mol^-1,6.6×10³L·mol^-1,2.7×10³L·mol^-1。对照化合物4与金属离子的光谱响应与化合物2相似,仅吸收峰的位置不同。因此,可认为化合物2和4中三嗪环中的N和噻吩环中的S与Cu²⁺、Hg²⁺ 和Fe³⁺ 共同配位形成了稳定的金属配合物。     

Er3+-Yb3+掺杂SiO2-SrO-NaF玻璃陶瓷的制备及表征

采用熔融晶化法制备了主晶相为SrF₂的Er³⁺-Yb³⁺共掺透明氟氧化物玻璃陶瓷,利用DSC、XRD、SEM、UV-Vis-NIR和荧光光谱对样品的结构、形貌、发光性能进行了测试与表征。研究表明：该体系玻璃最佳热处理温度为620℃,最佳热处理时间为2 h,并讨论了Yb³⁺不同掺杂浓度对Er³⁺-Yb³⁺共掺玻璃陶瓷样品上转换发光性能的影响,确定Er³⁺-Yb³⁺最佳掺杂浓度比为1：7,同时观察到了明亮的绿光（522,540 nm）和较弱的红光（656 nm）,对Er³⁺和Yb³⁺之间的能量传递过程进行了讨论。     

Eu2+、Mn2+、Sr2+掺杂BaMgAl10O17的燃烧法合成及光致发光性能研究

在600℃温度下,采用液相燃烧法合成了Sr²⁺、Eu²⁺和Mn²⁺三掺的BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇（BAM）蓝绿荧光粉。用XRD、SEM和荧光光谱仪分别分析和表征该荧光粉的物相、形貌和光致发光性能。结果表明,液相燃烧法合成BAM的温度明显低于传统的高温固相合成法;合成的纳米棒均匀、无团聚现象;荧光光谱仪分析表明Eu²⁺、Mn²⁺离子间存在能量传递,且Sr²⁺能有效提高BAM的发光强度,约为固相法制备荧光强度的1.8倍。BAM：0.1Eu²⁺,0.04Mn²⁺,0.05Sr²⁺色坐标为（0.146,0.250）,属于蓝绿光。     

TiO2/Gd2O3纳米粉体的制备、表征及光催化活性

利用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯TiO₂和Gd³⁺(0.5wt%)掺杂的TiO₂纳米粉体，采用XRD、BET、XPS、紫外-可见漫反射谱(DRS)和表面光电压谱(SPS)等技术进行了表征；以亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解为探针反应，评价了其光催化活性；探讨了Gd³⁺掺杂对TiO₂纳米粉体的光催化活性的影响机制。结果表明，TiO₂/Gd₂O₃纳米粒子对MB溶液的光催化活性提高到纯TiO₂的1.5倍。掺杂Gd³⁺可以强烈抑制TiO₂由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变；阻碍TiO₂晶粒的生长；提高高温组织稳定性，改善粉体的表面织构特性；形成光生电子的浅势捕获陷阱，抑制e^-/h⁺复合，这些因素共同作用最终导致TiO₂/Gd₂O₃纳米粉体的光催化活性明显提高。XPS分析结果证实，掺杂Gd³⁺导致粉体的表面羟基含量降低。由于产生了量子尺寸效应，复合粉体的紫外吸收带边蓝移，光的吸收能力略有降低。     

纳米CuFe_2O_4-rGO复合材料的制备及电化学性能

采用溶剂热法成功制备了纳米CuFe_2O_4-rGO复合材料。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和电化学工作站对样品的结构、形貌及电容特性进行表征。结果表明,CuFe_2O_4纳米粒子均匀地分散在石墨烯片层间,其中CuFe_2O_4-20%rGO复合材料具有最优的电化学性能,当电流密度1 A·g~(-1)时,其比电容为1 952.5 F·g~(-1),当电流密度为1 A·g~(-1)时,CuFe_2O_4-20%rGO复合材料经1 000次充放电后的比电容保持率为86.17%。     

GMMT复合材料的制备及吸附性能研究

采用直接插层法对钠基膨润土进行改性,制备了明胶/膨润土(简称GMMT)复合材料;研究了明胶插层复合改性膨润土的工艺条件;通过测定明胶插层复合前后膨润土的比表面积等的变化,探讨了GMMT复合材料的吸附性能.     

一维Y2O3∶Eu3+纳米发光材料的制备与表征

One-dimensional Y₂O₃∶Eu³⁺ luminescence nanomaterials were prepared by hydrothermal method without template, and their properties were characterized. XRD patterns show that the precursors are hexagonal phase Y(OH)₃ crystals, and the samples are cubic Y₂O₃ after heat-treatment. SEM images indicate that the one-dimensional material with a diameter of 100 nm and length of micrometer scale can be obtained by this hydrothermal method. Photoluminescence properties show that the position and intensity of the precursors are different with that of the heat-treated samples resulted from the different hosts.     

Thermal investigations of nitrate-hydrates and deuterates of Ca2+, Cd2+ and Mg2+

DTA and DSC were used to study the thermal behaviour of Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O, Cd(NO₃)₂·4H₂O, Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and their deuterated analogues. Evidence was found concerning the process of melting of the initial hydrates and deuterates, followed by a one-stage dehydration of the melt to vield the respective anhydrous salt. T _m, ΔH _m ^o , ΔS _m ^o and ΔH _deh ^o were determined and the ΔH _f ^o values for the investigated hydrates were calculated from the ΔH _deh ^o data.

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Zusammenfassung DTA und DSC wurden zur Untersuchung des thermischen Verhaltens von Ca(NO₃)₂·4H₂O, Cd(NO₃)₂·4H₂O, Mg(NO₃)₂·6H₂O und ihrer deuterierten Analoge eingesetzt. Man fand Aussagen bezüglich des Schmelzvorganges der Ausgangshydrate und Deuterate, gefolgt von einer Einschritt-Dehydratation der Schmelze unter Bildung der entsprechenden wasserfreien Salze. T _m, ΔH _m ^o , ΔS _m ^o und ΔH _deh ^o wurden ermittelt und die ΔH _f ^o Werte für die untersuchten Hydrate wurden anhand der ΔH _deh ^o berechnet.

     

Comparison of Partial Least Squares Regression and H-Point Standard Addition Method for Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Zinc, Cobalt and Nickel by 1-(2-Pyridylazo)2-Naphthol in Micellar Media

Simultaneous spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Zn²⁺, Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ by 1-(2-pyridylazo)2-naphthol (PAN) in micellar media, using absorbance correction-H-point standard addition method (HPSAM) and partial least squares (PLS) regression. The ligand and its metal complexes, i.e. Zn²⁺-PAN, Co²⁺-PAN and Ni²⁺-PAN, were made water-soluble by the neutral surfactant Triton X-100, and therefore extraction with organic solvents was no longer required. Formation of all of these complexes was complete within 10min at pH 9.2. The linear range was 0.1–1.5mgL^–1 for Zn²⁺, 0.1–2.0mgL^–1 for Co²⁺ and 0.1–2.0mgL^–1 for Ni²⁺. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for the simultaneous determination of 0.50mgL^–1 each of Zn²⁺, Ni²⁺ and Co²⁺ by applying the H-point standard addition method was 2.55%, 2.04% and 3.70%, respectively. The total relative standard error for applying the PLS method to 9 synthetic samples in the linear ranges of these metals was 1.8%. Interference effects of common anions and cations were studied, and both methods were applied to the simultaneous determination of Zn²⁺, Co²⁺ and Ni²⁺ in alloy samples.     

Ratiometric and turn-on monitoring for heavy and transition metal ions in aqueous solution with a fluorescent peptide sensor

A novel fluorescent peptide sensor containing tryptophan (donor) and dansyl fluorophore (acceptor) was synthesized for monitoring heavy and transition metal (HTM) ions on the basis of metal ion binding motif (Cys-X-X-X-Cys). The peptide probe successfully exhibited a turn on and ratiometric response for several heavy metal ions such as Hg²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Ag⁺ in aqueous solution. The enhancements of emission intensity were achieved in the presence of the HTM ions by fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) and chelation enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) effects. The detection limits of the sensor for Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Ag⁺ were lower than the EPA's drinking water maximum contaminant levels (MCL). We described the fluorescent enhancement, binding affinity, and detection limit of the peptide probe for HTM ions.     

Sodium polyacrylate as a binding agent in diffusive gradients in thin-films technique for the measurement of Cu and Cd in waters

An aqueous solution containing sodium polyacrylate (PA, 0.0030 M) was used in diffusive gradients in thin-films technique (DGT) to measure DGT-labile Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺ concentrations. The DGT devices (PA DGT) were validated in four types of solutions, including synthetic river waters containing metal ions with or without complexing EDTA, natural river water (Hun River, Shenyang, China) spiked with Cu²⁺ and Cd²⁺, and an industrial wastewater (Shenyang, China). Results showed that only free metal ions were measured by PA DGT, recovery = 98.79% for Cu²⁺ and recovery = 97.80% for Cd²⁺ in solutions containing only free metal ions, recovery = 51.02% for Cu²⁺ and recovery = 51.92% for Cd²⁺ in solution with metal/EDTA molar ratio of 2:1 and recovery = 0 in solutions with metal/EDTA molar ratio of 1:1 and 1:2. These indicated that the complexes of Cu-EDTA and Cd-EDTA were DGT-inert or not DGT-labile. The DGT performance in spiked river water (recovery = 8.47% for Cu²⁺ and recovery = 27.48% for Cd²⁺) and in industrial wastewater (recovery = 14.16% for Cd²⁺) were also investigated. Conditional stability constants (log K) of PA-Cu and PA-Cd complexes were determined as 6.98 and 5.61, respectively, indicating strong interaction between PA and the metals.     

Characterization and application of humic acid modified carbon electrodes

Four routes for the modification of carbon electrodes with humic acids and the determination of three divalent metallic cations were studied. The determination of bound Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Ni²⁺ was performed by cyclic and square wave voltammetry using either a batch or flow analysis system. Using the FIA system and SWV, linear relationships between the oxidation (or reduction) current and the cations concentration were obtained with the modified electrodes, while no signals were obtained for the same conditions for bare carbon electrodes. The system can be used to study the interaction between a wide range of electroactive cations and humic substances; however, the performance as an analytical tool is limited due to the high limits of detection (μM). However, some advantages like simplicity, short analysis time, inexpensive instrumentation needs and miniaturization capabilities are remarkable.     

过渡金属大环配合物的研究——Ⅱ.1,7-二氮杂-4,10-二硫杂-环十二烷过渡金属配合物的研究

本文报导了三种过渡金属氯化物(CuCl₂、CoCl₂、NiCl₂)和1,7-二氮杂-4,10-二硫杂-环十二烷([12]N₂S₂)的1:1配合物及其UV、IR、ESR和XPS等波谱特征。     

Preparation and Optical Characterization of Organoeuropium-Doped Silica Gels

Gels have been investigated as potential matrices for rare earth luminescence. The use of complexing ligands in the sol-gel synthesis of the rare-earth doped glasses has been suggested to improve the rare earth ion luminescence properties in these matrices due to the changes in the local environment experienced by the rare earth ion. In this work, transparent Eu3+-doped gels were prepared from Si(OCH3)4 and fluorinated and/or complex-forming Eu3+ precursors (Eu(fod)3, (CF3 SO3)3Eu, (CF3CO2)Eu · 3H2O, Eu(thd)3 and Eu(acac)3). Results of emission, fluorescence line narrowing and lifetimes studies of Eu3+-doped gels derived from Si(OCH3)4 and fluorinated/chelate Eu3+ precursors are presented. The results were interpreted in terms of the evolution of the Eu3+ fluorescence in systems varying from solutions to the gels densified to 800°C. Analysis of the fluorescence decays of the 5D0 state suggests that the use of the fluorinated Eu3+ precursors reduces the hydrophobic content in the silica gels matrices. FLN studies indicate that Eu3+ clustering occurred in all densified samples.     

聚苯胺/膨润土纳米复合材料的合成与表征

通过嵌入手段设计与合成同时具有某些无机和有机物双重性能的新型材料－无机／有机纳米复合材料,是科学家们关注的课题[1].Inoue等人[2]采用蒙脱土吸附苯胺单体然后电氧化的方法制备了聚苯胺／蒙脱土（Pan／Mont）复合材料,由于Mont片体的表面吸附了苯胺,所合成的为聚合物包覆的复合材料,这样在一定的程度上影响了材料的各向异性．本文采用离子交换,洗涤除去吸附在粘土颗粒表面的单体,成功地合成了非包覆的聚苯胺／膨润土壤（Ben）层状纳米复合材料,并用FTIR等方法对材料进行了表征．该材料兼有粘土的离子交换性能和聚苯胺的良好…