超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定地表水中9种藻毒素北大核心CSCD

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定地表水中9种藻毒素的含量。地表水样经滤网过滤,离心后,所得上清液以Waters Acquity BEH130色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液和含0.1%甲酸的乙腈的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,串联质谱分析中采用电喷雾正离子源和多反应监测模式。9种藻毒素的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限为0.084～0.175μg·L^(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为79.4%～113%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=7)为5.1%～14%。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定淡水养殖池塘水体及鱼虾体内的藻毒素

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了淡水养殖池塘水体及鱼虾体内藻毒素MC-LR和MC-RR。水样经微孔滤膜过滤后,通过固相萃取柱富集净化。鱼、虾冻干后粉碎,以甲醇水溶液提取,提取液经固相萃取柱富集净化。采用UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100×2.1mm,3.5μm),以0.1%甲酸水溶液和含0.1%甲酸乙腈溶液为流动相,质谱采用选择离子监测模式测量。结果表明,藻毒素的质量浓度在0.5~500μg·L~(-1)范围内时,峰面积与样品浓度呈良好线性关系。MC-LR和MC-RR的方法检出限分别为0.05μg·L~(-1)和0.08μg·L~(-1)。藻毒素在空白水样中的加标回收率为88.5%~98.5%,相对标准偏差为5.2%~8.3%;在鱼、虾组织中的加标回收率为63.8%~85.2%,相对标准偏差为6.7%~9.8%。实际测得某养殖池塘水中存在藻毒素污染,且部分水产品中检测到了MC-LR和MC-RR。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法快速测定水产品中微囊藻毒素和节球藻毒素

通过超声提取、固相萃取纯化、超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)联用技术快速测定水产品中的微囊藻毒素-RR、-YR、-LR和节球藻毒素.分别采用选择离子监测质荷比(m/z)为519.84、1045.66、995.67、825.54分子离子峰进行定量分析.该法检出限为5.0～10.0μg/kg,在浓度0.02～5mg/kg的范围内,峰面积与样品浓度呈良好线性关系;4种藻毒素的回收率为76.2％～93.7％,相对标准偏差为2.0％～7.1％.采用上述方法对45个太湖水产品样品进行测定,发现有少量水产品中存在藻毒素污染,其中微囊藻毒素-RR最高含量为15.2μg/kg,微囊藻毒素-LR最高含量为0.84μg/kg,MC-YR、节球藻毒素均未检出.此方法可作为监测水产品体内蓄积藻毒素的分析方法.     

贝类体内麻痹性贝类毒素的提取方法研究

采用浓度系列为0.04、0.07、0.10、0.15、0.20、0.25、0.30、0.40、0.50、0.70、1.0 mol/L的HCl和HAc溶液作为提取液,分别取10 mL提取液与10 g栉孔扇贝性腺混合,在沸水浴中加热5 min提取麻痹性贝类毒素(PSP);同时采用0.3 mol/L HAc和0.2 mol/L HCl,于冰水浴中进行超声波提取麻痹性贝类毒素5~30 min。提取完成后将混合物于4℃冷冻离心机内离心5 min(3500 r/min),取上清液并以0.1 mol/L NaOH或5 mol/L HCl调整至pH为2.0~4.0。经超滤膜过滤后的提取液以高效液相色谱柱后衍生荧光检测法进行毒素分析,研究毒素组分间的转化关系和提取效率,并与超声波提取法进行了比较。结果表明,采用0.04~0.25 mol/L HCl和0.04~1.0 mol/L HAc从贝肉中提取PSP毒素,各毒素组分浓度差异不大,当HCl浓度大于0.25 mol/L时,N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素C1浓度急剧降低,HCl浓度大于0.5 mol/L时,N-磺酰氨甲酰基类毒素C2和GTX5浓度急剧降低,三者在酸度过大的情况下分解或转化为膝沟藻毒素-2(GTX2),膝沟藻毒素-3(GTX3)和石房蛤毒素(STX)。在相同浓度酸的情况下,超声波提取液中C1毒素的浓度显著低于沸水浴提取法,但C2的浓度略高于沸水浴提取液。     

免疫亲和层析-液质联用法检测蓝藻中的微囊藻毒素

应用自制的微囊藻毒素(microcystin,MC)免疫亲和层析柱为净化工具,建立了固相萃取柱富集、免疫亲和层析柱净化、液质联用法检测蓝藻样品中MC的方法.结果显示:只用固相萃取柱富集,会残留大量杂质,干扰MC(尤其是MC-LR)的测定结果.而用免疫亲和层析柱净化能有效去除藻样中的杂质,排除干扰,通过液质联用法定量,能准确测定藻样中的微囊藻毒素-RR(MC-RR)和-微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR).方法的检出限为2.5 μg/L; 线性范围为5～500 μg/L; MC-RR和MC-LR平均回收率高于84%; 相对标准偏差低于5%.     

UPLC-MS/MS测定海水、悬浮颗粒物及沉积物中18种藻毒素

采用固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）同时检测18种海洋藻毒素,包括原多甲藻酸贝类毒素（AZAs）、裸藻毒素（BTXs）、太平洋雪卡毒素（P-CTXs）、鳍藻毒素（DTXs）、米氏裸甲藻贝类毒素（GYM）、刺尾鱼素（MTX3）、大田软骨酸毒素（OA）、扇贝毒素（PTX2）、螺环内酯毒素（SPX1）及虾夷扇贝毒素（YTXs）。海水（1 L）或悬浮颗粒物及沉积物（1 g）的超声萃取液经Agilent Bond Elut C18(500 mg/6mL)固相萃取柱净化萃取后,在洗脱液中加入10%丙三醇-甲醇溶液以减少目标物损失。以95%乙腈水和水（两相均含有0.1%甲酸和2 mmol/L甲酸铵）为流动相,目标物经Phenomenex Kinetex C18色谱柱（100 mm×2.1mm i. d.,1.7μm）分离,采用电喷雾串联质谱多反应监测模式下正、负离子同时检测,外标法定量。18种藻毒素在6 min内分离良好,在线性范围内的相关系数为0.991 1～0.999 9,定量下限为0.05～250 pg/L（或pg/g）。三水平六平行的加标回收率为77.4%～119...     

化学氧化法去除微囊藻毒素的研究进展

有害藻类水华污染已经成为世界范围性的环境难题。微囊藻毒素是藻细胞释放的一种毒性物质,具有极强的肝毒性和致癌性。当水源水受到藻类污染时,高效的微囊藻毒素去除技术十分必要。氧化法包括氯化、臭氧、高锰酸盐等化学氧化以及芬顿和基于紫外线的高级氧化,已经成功应用于微囊藻毒素的降解去除。本文综述了各种化学氧化法去除藻毒素的动力学、影响因素、降解机制和产物毒性等方面的研究进展,比较分析了各种氧化法的优、劣以及适用范围,并对未来藻毒素去除技术研究进行了展望,为微囊藻毒素的有效去除提供参考。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱内标法同时测定地表水中7种微囊藻毒素

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)内标法同时测定地表水中7种微囊藻毒素。样品经0.22μm滤膜过滤后直接进样分析,采用亮氨酸脑啡肽作为内标物,7种目标物在相应浓度范围内线性相关系数在0.997以上,方法检出限为0.143~0.468μg/L;在3个添加浓度水平下的回收率为88.1%~104.0%,相对标准偏差为2.15%~7.63%。7种微囊藻毒素在4min内即可完成含量的测定。该方法快速、简便、重复性好,满足日常对微囊藻毒素检测的要求,适合藻毒素污染的应急突发事件的快速定性定量测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产中10种麻痹性贝类毒素

建立超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定贝类中麻痹性贝类毒素的方法。样品经0.5%甲酸加热提取,石墨化炭黑固相萃取柱净化后,用超高效液相色谱–串联质谱法测定。采用TSK–Gel Amide–80色谱柱(150mm×2.0mm,5μm),以水溶液(含2mmol/L甲酸铵,50mmol/L甲酸)A,95%乙腈水溶液(含2mmol/L甲酸铵,50 mmol/L甲酸)B为流动相,梯度洗脱,流量为0.3 mL/min,进样体积为10μL,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测。藤沟藻毒素3、4(GTX3、GTX4)、脱氧藤沟藻毒素3(dcGTX3)的检出限为8μg/kg,藤沟藻毒素5(GTX5)、新石房蛤毒素(neoSTX)、石房蛤毒素(STX)、脱氧甲酰基类毒素(dcSTX)的检出限为20μg/kg,藤沟藻毒素1,2(GTX1,GTX2)的检出限为24μg/kg,脱氧藤沟藻毒素2(dcGTX2)的检出限为28μg/kg。GTX3,dcGTX3,GTX4的线性范围为4～80μg/L,GTX5,neoSTX,STX, deSTX的线性范围为10～200μg/L,GTX1的线性范围为12～240μg/L,GTX2的线性范围为11～220μg/L,dcGTX2的线性范围为14～280μg/L,线性相关系数均大于0.99,平均回收率为82.5%～115.1%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.6%～7.5%(n=6)。该方法检出限低,精确度高,适用于水产品中麻痹性贝类毒素的检测。     

新型功能材料在藻毒素萃取中的应用进展

藻毒素为有害藻类所产生的次级代谢产物,具有毒性强、种类多和生物蓄积性等特点,对人类健康、水产养殖业以及水生生态系统都会造成严重的威胁,已成为当前全球范围的研究热点。由于藻毒素在样品中的含量很低、样品基质复杂等因素,在仪器分析前进行有效的样品前处理不可或缺。高效的样品前处理技术不但能够减小或去除样品基质对分析的干扰,而且可以实现目标物的富集,增加分析方法的灵敏度与准确性。近年来,固相萃取(SPE)、固相微萃取(SPME)、磁性固相萃取(MSPE)、分散固相萃取(DSPE)、吸管尖端固相萃取(PT-SPE)等样品前处理技术已在藻毒素分离分析领域广受关注。这些前处理技术性能的好坏主要取决于萃取材料的特性。由于藻毒素的理化特性各不相同,在分子尺寸、亲疏水性、电荷等性质上差异较大,合理设计并制备适合藻毒素萃取的材料十分必要。最佳的萃取材料必须实现对藻毒素的可逆吸附,并且最好具有多孔结构和高的比表面积,从而能够提供高的回收率和与藻毒素良好的界面接触。此外,萃取材料还应该在样品溶液、洗脱溶剂、工作pH范围内具有良好的化学稳定性,否则萃取材料可能会溶解或丢失其官能团。本文综述了近十几年来国内外关于藻毒...     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.