Yield enhancement of elliptical high harmonics driven by bicircular laser pulses

We theoretically investigate the yield enhancement of elliptical high harmonics in the interaction of molecules with bicircular laser pulses by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. It is shown that by adjusting the relative intensity ratio of the two bicircular field components in specific ranges the yield of the molecular high harmonics for the plateau and cutoff regions can be respectively enhanced. To analyze this enhancement phenomenon, we calculate the weights of the electron classical trajectories. Additionally, we also study the ellipticity distribution of harmonics for different intensity ratios. We find that these enhanced harmonics are elliptically polarized, which we mainly attribute to the recombination dipole moment of the major weighted trajectories. These enhanced elliptical extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray radiations may serve as essential tools for exploring the ultrafast dynamics in magnetic materials and chiral media.     

阻尼最小二乘法用于激光诱导击穿光谱重叠特征谱线分离提取

近年来,激光诱导击穿广谱技术发展迅速。作为一种用于物质成分探测的新技术,它具有简单、快速、无需复杂样品制备、多种元素同时检测等优点,可实现待测样品物质成分现场、在线的检测,在很多领域都极具应用前景。激光诱导击穿光谱特征谱线的分离拟合提取是光谱特征识别与后续元素浓度定量反演研究的基础。为实现激光诱导击穿光谱重叠特征谱线的有效分离拟合提取,采用阻尼最小二乘法,分析并确定了迭代前的初始拟合参数值,实现了在重叠特征谱线情况下对某火力发电厂粉煤灰中的铬元素特征谱线的分离提取。阻尼最小二乘法基于高斯-牛顿迭代,在迭代步长中引入阻尼因子,在迭代的过程中根据每一步迭代后所反馈的信息动态的调整迭代步长,从而有效防止了迭代的发散,保证了迭代的快速收敛,最终使得元素特征谱线拟合提取的效果更佳、所得到的特征谱线强度值更准确。分别采用阻尼最小二乘法和最小二乘法对不同浓度的样品中铬元素特征谱线进行分离拟合提取并给出特征谱线的强度值,作出特征谱线强度值关于元素浓度的定标曲线并对比两种方法所得结果的线性相关性。结果表明,阻尼最小二乘法所得结果的线性相关性更高,该方法稳定、可靠,适用于激光诱导击穿光谱重叠特征谱线的分离拟合提取。     

Numerical simulations of the charged-particle flow dynamics for sources with a curved emission surface

The implementation of numerical methods for studying the dynamics of particle flows produced by pulsed sources is discussed. A particle tracking method with so-called gun iteration for simulations of beam dynamics is used. For the space charge limited emission problem, we suggest a Gauss law emission model for precise current-density calculation in the case of a curvilinear emitter. The results of numerical simulations of particle-flow formation for cylindrical bipolar diode and for diode with elliptical emitter are presented.     

Bohmian picture of Rydberg atoms

Unlike the previous theoretical results based on standard quantum mechanics that established the nearly elliptical shapes for the centre-of-mass motion in Rydberg atoms using numerical simulations, we show analytically that the Bohmian trajectories in Rydberg atoms are nearly elliptical.     

Subcycle electron emission in sequential double ionization by elliptical laser pulses

Using a classical ensemble method, we have investigated sequential double ionization (SDI) of Ar atoms driven by elliptical laser pulses. The results show that the ion momentum distribution of the Ar atoms depends strongly on the pulse duration. As the pulse duration increases, the ion momentum distribution changes from two bands to four bands and then to six bands and finally to an eight-band structure. Back analysis of double ionization trajectories shows that the variation of the band structure originates from pulse duration dependent multiple ionization bursts of the second electron. Our calculations indicate that the subcycle electron emission in the SDI could be more easily accessed by using elliptical laser pulses with a longer wavelength. Moreover, we show that there is good correspondence between the scaled radial momentum and the ionization time.     

A Gauge Invariant Description for the General Conic Constrained Particle from the FJBW Iteration Algorithm

We consider a second-degree algebraic curve describing a general conic constraint imposed on the motion of a massive spinless particle. The problem is trivial at classical level but becomes involved and interesting concerning its quantum counterpart with subtleties in its symplectic structure and symmetries. We start with a second-class version of the general conic constrained particle, which encompasses previous versions of circular and elliptical paths discussed in the literature. By applying the symplectic FJBW iteration program, we proceed on to show how a gauge invariant version for the model can be achieved from the originally second-class system. We pursue the complete constraint analysis in phase space and perform the Faddeev-Jackiw symplectic quantization following the Barcelos-Wotzasek iteration program to unravel the essential aspects of the constraint structure. While in the standard Dirac-Bergmann approach there are four second-class constraints, in the FJBW they reduce to two. By using the symplectic potential obtained in the last step of the FJBW iteration process, we construct a gauge invariant model exhibiting explicitly its BRST symmetry. We obtain the quantum BRST charge and write the Green functions generator for the gauge invariant version. Our results reproduce and neatly generalize the known BRST symmetry of the rigid rotor, clearly showing that this last one constitutes a particular case of a broader class of theories.     

TE01-TE11模式变换器的迭代设计方法

 对模式变换器的迭代设计方法做了改进：给出了合理的迭代步长初始值取值方式;在迭代时只考虑了贡献较大的几条耦合线,而忽略了贡献小的耦合线,从而改善带宽。利用改进的迭代设计方法设计了波导直径与自由空间波长比值为2.765 5的TE₀₁-TE₁₁模式变换器,总长度为600 mm,相对带宽为6%,中心频率转换效率为99.14%,总计算时间为40 s。利用CST软件进行了仿真验证,结果吻合较好。     

强流束在四极磁铁中传输的矩阵法与程序设计

强流脉冲束传输的计算是一个相当复杂的问题, 因为不同类型的粒子束分布产生不同的空间电荷场, 而在束流运动过程中, 空间电荷场也在不断地变化, 而且粒子运动的轨迹与空间电荷势又是相互依赖的, 因此需要求得一个自洽解。采用矩阵法分析了非强流脉冲束流与强流脉冲束流在四极磁铁中传输的矩阵, 并编写了束流在四极磁铁等元件中的传输计算程序, 程序采用迭代计算方法获得自洽解。程序运行时, 可以进行直观的图形显示。It is very difficalt to calculate the nonlinear transport of a intense beam, because the particle trajectories depend on the electric potentials excited by the particle beams, and the electric potentials of the beams depend on the particle trajectories and the particle distributions in the phase spaces. So, it is necessary to solve the problem by iterations to get self consistent solutions.We use transport matrix method to analyze the transportation in quadrupole magnet of non intense pulsed beam and intense pulsed beam respectively, and write a computer code for the pulsed beam transporting in quadrupole magnet. The self consistent solution can obtained by using iteration calculation method. During the calculation, the result can be shown by the prompt graph.     

A Simplified Parallel Two-Level Iterative Method for Simulation of Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations

Based on two-grid discretization, a simplified parallel iterative finite element method for the simulation of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is developed and analyzed. The method is based on a fixed point iteration for the equations on a coarse grid, where a Stokes problem is solved at each iteration. Then, on overlapped local fine grids, corrections are calculated in parallel by solving an Oseen problem in which the fixed convection is given by the coarse grid solution. Error bounds of the approximate solution are derived. Numerical results on examples of known analytical solutions, lid-driven cavity flow and backward-facing step flow are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.     

溶解椭圆颗粒沉降的介观尺度数值模拟

在任意拉格朗日欧拉(ALE)算法模拟有热对流影响的颗粒两相流动的直接数值模拟基础上, 通过建立颗粒溶解速度和颗粒表面热流密度的关系, 对溶解的椭圆颗粒在垂直管道内牛顿流体中的沉降进行了直接数值模拟. 计算结果表明:与等温惰性椭圆颗粒沉降相比, 流体的对流运动、颗粒质量以及形状的变化等因素使溶解的椭圆颗粒在不同初始角度沉降时, 颗粒沉降动态尾迹、颗粒受力、颗粒沉降速度等都发了较大变化.     

Measurement of Lamb wave polarization using a one-dimensional scanning laser vibrometer (L)

A single head scanning laser Doppler vibrometer is used for the estimation of the polarization of the first symmetric (S(0)) and antisymmetric (A(0)) Lamb wave modes. The measurements at two known incidence angles are performed in order to resolve the two components of motion. Filtering in the frequency/wavenumber domain of the response recorded along a scan line separates the contributions from each mode and allows the evaluation of the corresponding elliptical trajectories of particle motion. Comparison between measured and analytically estimated trajectories validates the measurement technique and suggests its application for the development of material characterization and diagnostics tools.     

A comparative study of Hartree-Fock iteration techniques

We present and discuss various Hartree-Fock iteration techniques which are all derived from the simple gradient iteration step where one proceeds along the slope of steepest descent of the energy functional. Particular attention is paid to modern numerical applications where the single-particle wave functions are represented in a coordinate or momentum space grid. A quantitative, comparison is given using a one-dimensional model space. As an example the optimum method thus found is applied in a realistic three-dimensional calculation of ¹⁶O.     

Convergent and asymptotic iteration methods in General Relativity

We show that the fast motion iteration method in General Relativity gives an asymptotic approximation to exact solutions of the reduced Einstein equations. Rigorous estimates of the error commited at each step of the iteration are derived.     

双时间步方法的应用分析

对双时间步方法隐式迭代的稳定性、启动问题、子迭代初值和收敛性准则进行分析.一般认为,双时间步的真实时间步长是基于精度,而不是稳定性的基础上给定,因此真实时间步长可以取得很大,但对VonNeumann稳定性分析表明,对于子迭代采用隐式的算法,稳定性的要求对真实时间步有限制.并通过对Sod激波管问题的计算,验证该分析.     

Simple approximation formulae for elliptical dielectric waveguides

A simple method to obtain accurate explicit approximation formulae for the properties of an elliptical dielectric waveguide is explained. As examples, expressions for the propagation constant, geometric birefringence, and generalized two-dimensional Petermann spot-size are derived for step refractive index profiles.     

Method for designing arbitrary two-dimensional continuous phase elements

We propose a method for designing arbitrary two-dimensional continuous phase elements. The phase anomalies that are due to amplitude zeros that occur in conventional design methods can be avoided completely with this method. Therefore the method is also useful for designing holographic elements that are free from amplitude zeros. The method is based on an iterative Fourier-transform algorithm. In the iteration process the method operates on the unwrapped phase. Consequently, a subsequent continuation step is not needed.     

Calculation of stationary electron beams with space-charge-limited current

The calculation method is based on direct satisfaction of the condition of a zero normal electric field on the emitter by means of an iteration procedure that makes it unnecessary to obtain self-consistent solutions of the stationary-beam equations in individual iterations. The method employs auxiliary potential and space-charge nets for solution of the boundary-value problem and eliminates the idle nodes of the auxiliary potential net. The method is effective in the analysis of curvilinear beams and has been tested in the design of a Meltzer gun with circular trajectories and a strongly nonuniform transverse current distribution.     

基于焦散线方法的自加速光束设计

以艾里光束为代表的自加速光束是一类在自由空间中具有弯曲传播特性的新型特殊光束.这类光束因其具有无衍射、自加速和自修复等奇异特性引起了人们的广泛关注,有望应用于光学微粒操控、激光微加工、全光路由和超分辨成像等诸多领域.由于艾里光束只能沿着抛物线的轨迹传播,限制了其在实际应用中的灵活性,因而设计出能够沿着不同轨迹传播的自加速光束是这一研究领域的关键问题,而基于焦散线方法的自加速光束设计是解决该问题的有效途径之一.这一方法是将设计的传播轨迹与光学焦散线联系起来,通过分析形成该焦散线所需的光线簇构造出对应的初始场分布.基于该原理并经过不断发展,不同类型的自加速光束相继得以实现,并且借助维格纳函数还可以同时实现实空间和傅里叶空间的自加速光束设计,为自加速光束的应用提供了更多的可能性.本文对基于焦散线方法的自加速光束设计原理和进展进行全面介绍.     

Natural mode analysis of an acoustic cavity with multiple elliptical boundaries by using the collocation multipole method

This paper presents a semi-analytical approach to solve the eigenproblem of an acoustic cavity with multiple elliptical boundaries. To satisfy the Helmholtz equation in the elliptical coordinate system, the multipole expansion for the acoustic pressure is formulated in terms of angular and radial Mathieu functions. The boundary conditions are satisfied by uniformly collocating points on the boundaries. The acoustic pressure at each point is directly calculated in each elliptical coordinate system. In different coordinate systems, the normal derivative of the acoustic pressure is calculated by using the appropriate directional derivative, an alternative to the addition theorem. By truncating the multipole expansion, a finite linear algebraic system is derived. The direct searching approach is employed to determine the natural frequencies by using the singular value decomposition (SVD). Numerical results are widely discussed for several examples including an elliptical cavity, a confocal elliptical annulus cavity and an elliptical cavity with two elliptical cylinders. The accuracy and numerical convergence of the presented method is validated by comparison with available results from the analytical method and the commercial finite-element code ABAQUS. No spurious eigensolutions are found in the proposed formulation. Excellent accuracy and fast rate of convergence are the key features of the present method thanks to its semi-analytical feature.     

Intense DC beam nonlinear transport-analysis & simulation

The intense dc beam nonlinear transport was analyzed with the Lie algebraic method, and the particle trajectories of the second order approximation were obtained. Based on the theoretical analysis a computer code was designed. To get self-consistent solutions, iteration procedures were used in the code. As an example, we calculated a beam line (drift-electrostatic quadrupole doublet-drift). The results agree to the results calculated by using the PIC method.