Dynamics of the open BCS model

The dynamics of the strong coupling BCS model, considered as an open system interacting with a thermal bath, is solved rigorously and explicitly in the weak coupling limit and in the infinite-volume limit. The BCS system goes from the normal phase to the ordered phase by bifurcation. Fluctuations around trajectories of intensive observables are Gaussian and Markovian. Thermodynamic phases are global attractors in the physical domain. Structural stability is discussed. The model provides an example of a nonequilibrium statistical mechanical system with phase transition whose irreversible macroscopic dynamics can be calculated exactly from the underlying Hamiltonian quantum mechanics.     

Phase transitions in a two-dimensional vortex system with defects: Monte Carlo simulation

AbstractThe phase states and phase transitions in a system consisting of a two-dimensional vortex lattice with defects are studied by the Monte Carlo method. It is shown that a “rotating lattice” phase, which is an intermediate phase between the vortex crystal and vortex liquid phases, is present. The dependence of the temperature of the transition from the rotating lattice phase into a vortex liquid on the strength of the defect potential is determined. The current-voltage characteristics of the system are calculated at various temperatures for point, square, and linear defects. It is shown that the phase state of the system strongly affects its transport properties.     

Construction of the Phasing System for BEPCⅡ Linac

In order to get high beam quality, a RF distribution system is required, with minimal phase drifts and errors in the BEPCⅡ linac. The additional installation of phase reference cables and monitoring equipments and stable RF distribution for BEPC linac are finished. The master oscillator is chosen to offer RF signal with low phase noise and a stable phase distribution system is built to deliver RF signal to each klystron. A phase and amplitude detector is constructed to measure the phase precisely and an IΦA unit is used for a phase shifter. Control software based on EPICS is used to connect all the units of the system, and a phasing method based on BPM is adopted to optimize the phase of each klystron. Now the phasing system is installed and tested in the klystron gallery of the BEPCⅡ linac.     

Secure optical system that uses fully phase-based encryption and lithium niobate crystal as phase contrast filter for decryption

In this paper, the implementation of a secure optical system using fully phase encryption is described. A two-dimensional phase image obtained from an amplitude image is encrypted and decrypted by using a spatial light modulator working in phase mode. The fully phase encryption is achieved using double random phase encoding. The encrypted image is holographically recorded in a photorefractive crystal and is then decrypted by generating, through phase conjugation, the conjugate of the encrypted image. A lithium niobate crystal has been used as a phase contrast filter to change the decrypted phase image into an amplitude image, thus alleviating the need for alignment of the phase contrast set-up in the Fourier plane. Simulation results are provided to verify the proposed study. The mean square error between the primary image and decrypted image has been calculated to study the sensitivity of the system.     

基于螺旋相位调制的非相干全息点扩散函数研究

分析了菲涅耳非相干相关全息(Fresnel incoherent correlation holography,FINCH)系统中纯相位空间光调制器(spatial light modulator,SLM)加载螺旋相位掩模时的点扩散函数.以氙灯为照明光源搭建了FINCH系统,电荷耦合器记录的点源全息图与点扩散函数模拟结果一致.采用该系统分别在SLM上加载双透镜掩模和螺旋相位调制双透镜掩模两种情况下对分辨率板和非染色洋葱细胞成像,给出了成像对比结果.结果表明:采用螺旋相位调制的FINCH系统可以在几乎不牺牲分辨率的情况下提高图像的边缘对比度;同样,对相位物体也可以实现图像的边缘提取和识别.该方法在实时监测活细胞的分裂、形变等方面具有重要应用前景.     

相空间中相对运动完整力学系统的共形不变性与守恒量

研究了相空间中相对运动完整力学系统的共形不变性与守恒量.给出了该系统共形不变性的定义,并推导出相空间中相对运动完整力学系统的运动微分方程具有共形不变性并且是Lie对称性的充分必要条件.利用规范函数满足的结构方程导出该系统相应的守恒量,并给出应用算例.     

Reorientation phase transition in temperature in a two- and three-dimensional ferromagnet with the account of magnetoelastic coupling

In the paper, we have investigated reorientation phase transitions in a two-dimensional ferromagnet. It is shown that the account of magnetoelastic coupling results in the appearance of an angular phase, and the phase transitions are of the first order. The temperature interval of the angular phase existence is determined mainly by elastic and magnetoelastic parameters of the system. For a three-dimensional system the observable effect disappears. The obtained results are consistent with experimental data.     

Berry phase in a generalized nonlinear two-level system

In this paper, we investigate the behaviour of the geometric phase of a more generalized nonlinear system composed of an effective two-level system interacting with a single-mode quantized cavity field. Both the field nonlinearity and the atom-field coupling nonlinearity are considered. We find that the geometric phase depends on whether the index k is an odd number or an even number in the resonant case. In addition, we also find that the geometric phase may be easily observed when the field nonlinearity is not considered. The fractional statistical phenomenon appears in this system if the strong nonlinear atom-field coupling is considered. We have also investigated the geometric phase of an effective two-level system interacting with a two-mode quantized cavity field.     

Berry phase in a generalized nonlinear two-level system

In this paper, we investigate the behaviour of the geometric phase of a more generalized nonlinear system composed of an effective two-level system interacting with a single-mode quantized cavity field. Both the field nonlinearity and the atom--field coupling nonlinearity are considered. We find that the geometric phase depends on whether the index $k$ is an odd number or an even number in the resonant case. In addition, we also find that the geometric phase may be easily observed when the field nonlinearity is not considered. The fractional statistical phenomenon appears in this system if the strong nonlinear atom--field coupling is considered. We have also investigated the geometric phase of an effective two-level system interacting with a two-mode quantized cavity field.     

The effect of spin fluctuations on phase transitions in magnetic systems

In this paper we study the problem of admitting an exact solution of the effect of spin fluctuations on phase transition when modeling a multiferroic superconducting system in a strong magnetic field. New results are obtained for phase portraits of the system of equations for amplitudes of spin density and temperature waves. The possibility is justified for the transition of the system to a phase in which superconductivity and antiferromagnetic ordering coexist, particularly via slowly fluctuating spin-density waves.     

一种基于双光束干涉的分级身份认证方法

提出一种基于双光束干涉的分级身份认证方法. 本方法通过同时验证用户的"口令"和"相位钥"以实现对用户身份的双重安全认证. 它不仅可以判断某个用户是否合法, 还能鉴别出其相应的身份级别, 从而确定并授予其相应的系统访问权限. 认证过程的核心功能组件是一个基于干涉的光学装置, 用户"口令" 控制的"相位锁" 和用户携带的"相位钥" 被分别加载至此装置中的两个空间光调制器(spatial light modulator, SLM), 两束相干光分别经过这两个SLMs的调制后, 在输出面得到一幅干涉图, 它被传送至计算机并与系统数据库中的"认证图像" 进行匹配, 以完成身份的鉴别. 系统的设计则是一个逆向的迭代求解问题, 本文根据事先给定的某个用户的身份级别(对应着某个认证图像)和随机给定的 "相位锁", 利用一种修正的相位恢复算法确定出其对应的"相位钥". 理论分析和仿真实验都证明了此方案是可行而有效的. 关键词： 干涉 傅里叶光学 相位恢复 身份认证     

Phase diagram of Fe1−xCox ultrathin film

Concentration-driven reorientation phase transitions in ultrathin magnetic films of FeCo alloy have been studied. It is established that, in addition to the easy-axis and easy-plane phases, a spatially inhomogeneous phase (domain structure), a canted phase, and also an “in-plane easy-axis” phase can exist in the system. The realization of the last phase is associated with the competition between the single-ion anisotropy and the magnetoelastic interaction. The critical values of Co concentration corresponding to the phase transitions are evaluated, the types of phase transitions are determined, and the phase diagrams are constructed.     

Forced Synchronization of Electroconvective Roll Oscillations in Nematic Liquid Crystals

The forced phase locking in a system of the oscillating electroconvective rolls that form in a nematic liquid crystal layer in a dc electric field is studied. As a result of the action of an additive ac electric field with a small amplitude, the system of oscillators is found to be divided into clusters, where oscillations are fully phase locked. The electroconvective rolls in neighboring clusters oscillate in antiphase and the clusters are separated by Ising walls. The phase locking is shown to be maximal at the forcing frequency that is close to the double frequency of the natural oscillations of rolls. A model is proposed to describe spatially distributed phase oscillators, and it takes into account the symmetries of a system of electroconvective rolls and external forcing. The results of numerical simulations agree well with the experimental data.     

双能X射线光栅相衬成像的研究

X射线光栅相衬成像存在系统复杂、成像效率低、步进精度要求高、光栅加工难度大等问题.本文设计了一种双能阵列X射线源和双能分析光栅,并应用于X射线光栅相衬成像,提出了一种双能X射线光栅相衬成像系统,阐述了该成像系统的成像原理和相位信息提取方法.提出的成像系统不需要精密步进平台,精简了成像系统,避免了步进误差导致的成像质量降低问题;两次曝光就可以成像,提高了成像效率;双能阵列X射线源、双能分析光栅的应用避免了源光栅、分析光栅难以加工的问题.对提出的成像系统及其相位提取方法进行了仿真,仿真结果显示成像系统可以正常成像,提取到的检测样本的X射线相衬成像相位一阶导数分布与相关文献实验所得结果一致.     

Geometric curvature and phase of the Rabi model

We study the geometric curvature and phase of the Rabi model. Under the rotating-wave approximation (RWA), we apply the gauge independent Berry curvature over a surface integral to calculate the Berry phase of the eigenstates for both single and two-qubit systems, which is found to be identical with the system of spin-1/2 particle in a magnetic field. We extend the idea to define a vacuum-induced geometric curvature when the system starts from an initial state with pure vacuum bosonic field. The induced geometric phase is related to the average photon number in a period which is possible to measure in the qubit–cavity system. We also calculate the geometric phase beyond the RWA and find an anomalous sudden change, which implies the breakdown of the adiabatic theorem and the Berry phases in an adiabatic cyclic evolution are ill-defined near the anti-crossing point in the spectrum.     

相对幅度和相位对相位阵列系统的影响及消除

用扩散近似的解析模型分析了幅度相消相位调制系统对组织中微小异质子实现定位的原理；详细讨论了相对幅度、相对相位、异质子的大小和吸收系数对系统对系统定位精度的影响。提出了一种与相对幅度和相位无关的定位方法并从理论上解释了这种方法的原理和可行性。     

Fully phase-encrypted memory using cascaded extended fractional Fourier transform

In this paper, we implement a fully phase-encrypted memory system using cascaded extended fractional Fourier transform (FRT). We encrypt and decrypt a two-dimensional image obtained from an amplitude image. The full phase image to be encrypted is fractional Fourier transformed three times and random phase masks are placed in the two intermediate planes. Performing the FRT three times increases the key size, at an added complexity of one more lens. The encrypted image is holographically recorded in a photorefractive crystal and is then decrypted by generating through phase conjugation, the conjugate of the encrypted image. A lithium niobate crystal has been used as a phase contrast filter to reconstruct the decrypted phase image, alleviating the need of alignment in the Fourier plane making the system rugged.     

一种高效量子密钥分发系统主动相位补偿方法

针对相位编码量子密钥分发系统相位漂移的实际问题,详细分析了目前解决相位漂移的主要方案,提出了一种"五点法"快速相位漂移参数的扫描方法.该方法只需对五个相位点进行单光子水平的相位扫描,即可得出满足精度要求的相位漂移参数.通过将该方法和其他两种主要相位补偿方法的对比分析,表明该方法可以在更短的扫描时间内有效得到量子密钥分发的相位漂移参数并对相位漂移进行实时补偿.该方法适用于目前常用的相位编码系统,为量子密码系统提供了一种有实际应用价值的主动相位补偿方案.     

激光的相位噪声特性以及抑制方法研究

回顾了到目前为止激光相位噪声的研究成果,阐述了由经典模型和弛豫振荡导致的在线宽展宽影响下的激光线宽。提出了自发辐射放大会对激光谱线产生进一步影响的问题。在噪声的抑制方面,分析了电子介入系统锁相方案的锁相效果。通过比较已锁相激光和未锁相激光与理想激光之间的互相关函数,结果表明,成功的锁相会使锁相激光的相干长度扩展到无限长。