色谱-氨化学电离质谱法分析催化裂化柴油中非碱性氮化物

利用色谱-氨化学电离质谱法直接分析催化裂化柴油中的非碱性含氮化合物;实验考察了离子源压力、温度及电子能量等因素对仪器灵敏度及选择性的影响,结果表明离子源压力是影响分析结果的主要因素,在合适的离子源压力下,氮化物的选择性提高103以上;通过质量色谱图对催化裂化柴油中的氮化物进行了定性定量分析,大港催化裂化柴油中的非碱性氮化合物主要由C0-C4吲哚和C0-C4咔唑组成,确定了26个非碱性氮化物结构;用N＿苯基咔唑作为内标物,测得C0-C4吲哚含量为1811.94μg·g-1,C0-C4咔唑含量为5399.97μg·g-1。     

固相萃取/气相色谱-质谱分析催化裂化柴油中的含氮化合物

采用固相萃取技术分离富集催化裂化柴油中的中性和碱性含氮化合物,优化了洗脱溶剂的种类及用量,并考察了分离方法的回收率和重复性。结果表明,二氯甲烷和丙酮-二氯甲烷可以有效分离富集柴油中的中性和碱性含氮化合物;固相萃取法的回收率高达99. 5%,3次分离实验结果的相对标准偏差均小于4%。分离后的组分采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)定性,数据表明,催化裂化柴油中的中性含氮化合物主要为C0～C3-吲哚及C0～C5-咔唑,碱性含氮化合物主要为C1～C4-苯胺及C0～C2-喹啉。采用气相色谱-氮化学发光检测器对含氮化合物进行定量,发现中性含氮化合物占已定性含氮化合物总量的96. 6%;咔唑类含氮化合物的含量最高,占已定性含氮化合物总量的64. 3%;从化合物结构上看,化合物含量随着甲基取代基数目的增多呈先增加后降低的趋势。该方法可用于催化裂化柴油中含氮化合物的类型分布分析。     

重油催化裂化汽油中含氮化合物的分析

利用酸萃取技术浓缩分离重油催化裂化（RFCC）汽油中的氮化物，比较了两种萃取剂和两种油剂比对分离效果的影响，结果发现选用10％（体积分数）HCl作萃取剂，油剂比为10：1（体积比）时，碱性氮化物的提取率较高；浓缩分离出的氮化物用色谱－质谱联用方法对其进行了检测，结果表明RFCC汽油中的氮化物主要是C0－C2苯胺及少量吡啶类、喹啉类碱性氮化物。     

宝明页岩柴油碱性氮化物的梯度富集及GC-MS分析

利用溶剂萃取和柱色谱等技术浓缩分离新疆宝明页岩油柴油馏分中的碱性氮化物。以宝明页岩柴油为原料,经糠醛溶剂精制,初步得到富集碱性氮化物的抽出油。以抽出油为深度富集碱性氮化物的原料,采用柱色谱等分离方法,从抽出油中分离得到碱性氮化物。利用傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分别对富集的碱性氮化物进行官能团检测和定性、定量分析。结果表明:新疆宝明页岩油柴油馏分中的碱性氮化物经溶剂精制和柱色谱等分离方法梯度富集后,碱性氮化物的质量分数由抽出油的12.08%提高到最终产物的69.48%,并在富集分离的产物中鉴定出60种碱性氮化物,其中主要为苯胺类、喹啉类和吡啶类化合物,各占25.85%,23.56%和16.52%。     

煤液化油中碱性氮化物的分析方法及分布研究

采用酸液萃取的方法从煤液化油中提取碱性氮化物,气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)和氮化学发光检测器(GC/NCD)进行定性定量。从分析结果可见,碱性氮化物可以通过酸液萃取与油样达到较完全的分离。用GC-MS定性出全馏程煤液化油中含有38种碱性氮化物,主要为吡啶类、苯胺类以及喹啉类氮化物。用GC/NCD对18种全馏程煤液化油中的碱性氮化物定量分析,结果显示其占碱性氮化物总量的88.9%,其中吡啶类占碱性氮化物总量的24.48%,苯胺类占37.98%,喹啉类占26.48%。     

原油中三芳甾烃的色谱质谱定量分析

三芳甾烃是原油芳烃组分中的常见化合物,其色谱质谱分析结果对寻找油气有着重要的意义.以往原油中芳烃色谱质谱分析大多忽略了各三芳甾烃化合物的绝对含量,而仅得出各化合物的相对量,使三芳甾烃的应用受到了限制.我们采用人工合成的二氘代化合物d2C28三芳甾烃加入原油中作内标,进行三芳甾烃的色谱质谱定量分析,该内标化合物是将原油中自然存在的1种C28三芳甾烃化合物进行氘代反应,合成得到的d2C28三芳甾烃与原油中的三芳甾烃系列化合物有着相似的结构和质谱分裂特征,并在色谱质谱分析时与原油中的化合物不产生共流.该定量分析方法可以为油气勘探提供更多的信息.     

变色硅胶吸附脱除模拟柴油中各种碱性氮化物

研究了变色硅胶吸附脱除氮含量为960.56μg/g模拟柴油中的碱性氮化物喹啉、苯胺和吡啶。比较了氧化铝、硅藻土、硅胶及变色硅胶对模拟柴油中喹啉的吸附脱除效果。采用XRD、低温N_2吸附-脱附和NH_3-TPD等方法对硅胶和变色硅胶进行了表征。考察了粒径、吸附温度、吸附时间、剂油质量比及共存芳香化合物(萘、苯或甲苯)对变色硅胶吸附脱除各种碱性氮化物的影响。变色硅胶吸附脱除碱性氮化物的顺序均为苯胺吡啶喹啉。吸附时间对三种氮化物的吸附脱除没有影响;吸附温度、变色硅胶粒径和共存芳香化合物对苯胺和吡啶的吸附脱除效果影响不大,对喹啉的吸附脱除效果影响较为明显;剂油质量比对三种氮化物的吸附脱除影响均较大,尤其是对喹啉影响最大。结果表明,变色硅胶吸附各种氮化物时Co能够与其中的N原子形成配位络合吸附。经焙烧再生,变色硅胶几乎完全恢复了对喹啉和吡啶的吸附脱除能力,并可多次再生,但变色硅胶再生后对苯胺的吸附能力损失较大。     

关于芳胺碱性强弱解释的讨论

在基础有机化学中讨论胺类碱性强弱问题时,有关书籍所作的解释带有很大的片面性,特别是对芳胺碱性强弱所作的解释甚至是不能成立的.本文拟就芳胺碱性强弱的解释问题,谈一点肤浅的想法. 根据有关教材在水溶液中甲胺、氨、苯胺的碱性强弱有如下顺序:     

1-萘甲膦酸改性氧化锆固定相分离芳胺类化合物的色谱性能研究

研究了一些芳胺类化合物在1-萘甲膦酸改性氧化锆固定相上的色谱行为。分别考察了流动相中甲醇含量、缓冲液pH值和离子强度等对芳胺类化合物色谱保留的影响,并对这类化合物在该固定相上的保留机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明,芳胺类化合物在该固定相上表现出反相和阳离子交换的混合保留模式。以pH 10.1的Tris-甲醇(60/40,V/V)溶液为流动相,在1-萘甲膦酸改性氧化锆固定相上成功分离了间苯二胺、邻甲苯胺、N-甲苯胺、对硝基苯胺、邻硝基苯胺和α-甲萘胺6种芳胺类化合物。     

亲水性C16硅胶反相色谱柱分离测定芳香胺类化合物

使用亲水性的C16硅胶反相色谱柱分离了苯胺、间甲苯胺、4-氯苯胺、2,4-二氯苯胺、3,4-二氯苯胺、2,4,6-三氯苯胺、对溴苯胺、2-萘胺及N-硝基-2-萘胺等9种芳香胺类化合物,对影响分离的几种主要条件进行了优化。结果表明以乙腈-水为流动相,使用梯度淋洗程序,这9种芳香胺类化合物可以在大约40min内得到理想分离,分离后的芳香胺类化合物可在紫外检测器上进行检测。该方法对苯胺、间甲苯胺、4-氯苯胺、2,4-二氯苯胺、3,4-二氯苯胺、2,4,6-三氯苯胺、对溴苯胺、2-萘胺及N-硝基-2-萘胺的检出限分别为15、173、0、40、1.21、7、30、30、0.3μg/L。该方法可应用于环境水样中芳香胺类化合物的测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.     

Knoevenagel condensation catalyzed by novel Nmm-based ionic liquids in water

A series of novel N-methyl morpholine (Nmm) based ionic liquids with 1,2-propanediol group were synthesized and used as catalysts for Knoevenagel condensation at room temperature in water. Under the effect of the catalyst, various aldehydes or aliphatic ketones could react with a wide range of activated methylene compounds well, including malononitrile, alkyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, β-diketone, barbituric acid, 2-arylacetonitrile and thiazolidinedione. Furthermore, most of the products could be separated just by filtrating and washing with water. Additionally, the catalyst is recyclable and applicable for the large-scale synthesis.     

Construction of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives via sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction

A series of polyheterocyclic spirotetrahydrothiophene derivatives were obtained in moderate to excellent yields via a catalyst-free sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 under mild conditions. We also present the first asymmetric sulfa-Michael/aldol cascade reaction of chalcones 1 and commercially available 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol 2 with moderate to good enantioselectivities catalyzed by readily available chiral phase-transfer catalysts (PTCs).     

Suzuki-Miyaura reactions of the soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor NS2028: a non-product specific route to C-8 substituted analogues

Both soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) inhibitors ODQ 1 and NS2028 2 are synthesized via improved protocols. In the former case treating 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one oxime 8, which can be prepared in two steps from 1,2-benzenediamine, with 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gives the dihydro-ODQ 10 that in the presence of KMnO₄ oxidises to give ODQ 1 in an overall yield of 46% starting from 1,2-benzenediamine. In the latter case, the synthesis affords NS2028 2 from 2-amino-4-bromophenol 3 in three steps with an overall yield of 85% and avoids the need for chromatography. Furthermore, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction conditions are described that enable the preparation of 8-aryl and 8-heteroaryl derivatives of NS2028 directly from NS2028 2. Finally, demethylation of the 8-(methoxyphenyl) substituted analogues afforded the 8-(hydroxyphenyl) derivatives 40-42. All new products are fully characterised.