模板组装Fe纳米线阵列及其微结构

铝在硫酸溶液中经直流阳极氧化,得到多孔铝阳极氧化膜(AAO). 以AAO膜为模板,通过交流电沉积的方法,在AAO模板孔内成功组装了Fe纳米线.TEM分析表明,Fe纳米线的长度约为2.5 μm,其长度分布十分均匀；粗细均匀,直径约为25 nm. XRD实验分析证实,所制备的Fe纳米线为α-Fe.选区电子衍射（SAED）实验分析表明,α-Fe纳米线具有单晶结构.     

钴纳米线的模板制备与磁性

利用二次阳极氧化法制备了多孔阳极氧化铝模板. 用直流电化学沉积方法成功地在模板孔道内制备了钴纳米线. 采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对样品的形貌、晶体结构和磁性进行了研究. 结果表明， 模板的孔径均匀, 孔道平直. 钴纳米线为多晶的六方密堆积结构. 钴纳米线具有明显的磁各向异性, 这主要起源于纳米线的形状各向异性.     

两步电沉积法制备单晶Au纳米线阵列

以多孔阳极氧化铝为模板,采用两步交流电脉冲沉积法制备具有单晶结构的有序金纳米线阵列.实验表明:在氧化铝模板中由交流电沉积制备的金属纳米线,其成核电压直接影响模板内纳米线的填充率,而生长电压则控制纳米线的结构和形貌均一性.在最佳沉积条件下得到的金纳米线阵列,其填充率高达95%,且具有单晶结构.     

在样模制备法中影响有序金属Ni纳米线尺寸的因素

以多孔氧化铝为样模,运用电沉积法向样模的微孔中沉积金属Ni,制备得到了有序排列的金属Ni纳米线阵列;以透射电镜为主要表征手段,系统地研究了多孔氧化铝样模的制备条件对金属Ni纳米线尺寸的影响;结果表明：制备多孔氧化铝样模过程中的氧化介质、氧化温度、氧化电压以及氧化后的扩孔时间影响Ni纳米线的直径和长度,而电沉金属镍时的沉积电压和沉积时间则主要影响纳米线的长度。     

双槽法电沉积Cu/Ni多层纳米线有序阵列

以多孔阳极氧化铝（AAO）为模板，采用双槽法电沉积工艺制得高度有序的Cu/Ni多层纳米线阵列。利用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）对Cu/Ni多层纳米线进行了表征，观察到纳米线表面平滑，多层结构清晰，各子层厚度均匀，直径约为 100 nm，与AAO模板孔径基本一致。由选区电子衍射（SAED）照片可知，多层纳米线中Cu层和Ni层均为单晶结构。振动样品磁强计（VSM）测试结果表明，Cu/Ni多层纳米线阵列具有明显的垂直磁各向异性，外加磁场垂直和平行于AAO模板表面时，磁滞回线的矩形比分别为 0.701 和 0.101 ，矫顽力分别为 589 Oe和 202 Oe。通过控制铝阳极氧化工艺及电沉积时间，可获得不同直径、不同子层厚度的Cu/Ni多层纳米线阵列。     

银纳米线的TEM表征

通过交流电沉积的方法,以多孔铝阳极氧化膜（Al2O3/Al）为模板,制备金属银纳米线.透射电子显微镜（TEM）分析表明, 银纳米线长度平均约为5 μm, 直径25 nm；银纳米线在多孔Al2O3/Al孔内互相平行,显示凸凹相间的条纹结构.选区电子衍射（SAED）证实,银纳米线具有面心立方（FCC）的多晶结构,探讨了银纳米线凸凹相间条纹结构的形成机理.     

一维铜(核)-镍(壳)纳米结构的制备及其表面增强拉曼光谱

采用多孔阳极氧化铝模板(AAO)结合直流电化学沉积法, 通过一种新的两步法合成一维铜(核)-镍(壳)纳米结构. 首先制备铜纳米线, 然后对AAO进行扩孔, 利用铜纳米线和AAO孔壁之间的间隙,沉积镍纳米线/纳米管. 通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对其结构和形貌进行表征分析, 所得结果验证了这种方法的可行性. 以腺嘌呤为探针分子研究此种纳米结构的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应, 结果表明, 这种一维纳米材料是一种潜在的SERS活性基底, 拓宽了过渡金属在SERS中的应用.     

氧化铝模板中直流电沉积镍纳米线

氧化铝模板中直流电沉积镍纳米线;多孔阳极氧化铝模板;镍纳米线;电沉积     

硫化镉纳米线的电沉积制备及表征

以不同孔径的多孔阳极氧化铝为模板,采用直流电沉积的方法,在含CdCl2和S的DMSO溶液中制备出了CdS纳米线．SEM、TEM表征的结果表明,在不同孔径的多孔阳极氧化铝模板中,通过沉积时间等条件的控制,制得直径不同、长度可达5μm的平行结构、均匀而连续的CdS纳米线阵列．电子衍射和能谱结果显示所得的纳米线属于六方晶系CdS,线中Cd和S原子比接近1：1．     

还原氧化石墨烯表面聚苯胺纳米阵列的制备及电化学电容性能

本文以阳极氧化铝(AAO)膜为模板,通过恒电位法在自组装还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)膜表面制备有序聚苯胺(PANI)纳米线阵列。通过拉曼光谱和场发射扫描电子显微镜分别对其结构和微观形貌进行了表征,并对PANI纳米线阵列的电化学电容性能进行了测试。结果表明,rGO膜表面可电沉积PANI,电沉积得到的PANI纳米线阵列具有比PANI薄膜材料更高的电容和比电容。     

多孔阳极氧化铝膜的制备研究

在直流恒压下,在不同的酸性溶液中对铝片实施两步阳极氧化制备多孔氧化铝膜,在磷酸溶液中制得的模板孔径大,并且电解时间缩短,加快了制备模板的过程。同时利用阳极氧化初期电流密度的变化,分析了多孔氧化铝膜的形成机理。     

具有一维梯度直径的金属银纳米线的制备与结构表征

Since the conceptoffunctionally graded m aterials(FG M)is proposed[1,2],m uch attention has been paid toFG M studies.Generally,FG M s were designed with thegradientdistribution ofcom position and structure,andthe graded structure of FG M is achieved by acom position gradient from one side of m aterials to theother,resulting in gradientproperties.Itis well鄄knownthat properties of nanom eter鄄sized m aterials stronglydepend on their sizes.Such size effect offers a newconcept for the design…     

POROUS MEMBRANE TEMPLATED SYNTHESIS OF POLYMER PILLARED LAYER

The anodic porous alumina membranes with a definite pore diameter and aspect ratio were used as templates tosynthesize polymer pillared layer structures. The pillared polymer was produced in the template membrane pores, and thelayer on the template surfaces. Rigid cured epoxy resin, polystyrene and soft hydrogel were chosen to confirm themethodology. The pillars were in the form of either tubes or fibers, which were controlled by the alumina membrane pore surface wettability. The structural features were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy results.     

Anodic alumina membranes with defined pore diameters and thicknesses obtained by adjusting the anodizing duration and pore opening/widening time

The through-hole porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes were fabricated by a simple two-step anodization of aluminum in 0.3?M oxalic acid, 0.3?M sulfuric acid, and 2?wt.% phosphoric acid solutions under different operating conditions followed by the removal of the remaining Al substrate and the pore opening/widening process. The effect of duration of the second anodizing step on the thickness of the porous oxide layer and the influence of other anodizing conditions such as applied voltage, type of electrolyte, and purity of the substrate on the rate of porous oxide growth were discussed in detail. The pore opening procedure for all synthesized membranes was optimized, and the influence of the duration of chemical etching on structural features of AAO membranes, especially pore diameter, was studied. The rate of pore widening was established for AAO membranes formed in various anodizing electrolytes and for different temperatures of 5?wt.% H₃PO₄ used for alumina dissolution.     

Roles of pH and acid type in the anodic growth of porous alumina

Several theoretical models have been formulated to explain the growth of porous structures in anodized alumina. Using some basic assumptions, these models predict the size and shape of the pores in the anodic porous alumina as functions of pH and voltage. Additionally, they address issues of stability in the pore growth. In this work, we have carried out a systematic experimental investigation to study the stability phase diagram as a function of pH and applied voltage. We also obtain the dependence of pore dimensions on the pH, voltage, and acid type. Based on our results, and insight gained from recent chemical analysis of the porous alumina anodization process, we conclude that the models must include an appropriate weighting factor to account for the oxidation and dissolution mechanism during the pore formation.     

Anodic alumina membranes with defined pore diameters and thicknesses obtained by adjusting the anodizing duration and pore opening/widening time

The through-hole porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes were fabricated by a simple two-step anodization of aluminum in 0.3 M oxalic acid, 0.3 M sulfuric acid, and 2 wt.% phosphoric acid solutions under different operating conditions followed by the removal of the remaining Al substrate and the pore opening/widening process. The effect of duration of the second anodizing step on the thickness of the porous oxide layer and the influence of other anodizing conditions such as applied voltage, type of electrolyte, and purity of the substrate on the rate of porous oxide growth were discussed in detail. The pore opening procedure for all synthesized membranes was optimized, and the influence of the duration of chemical etching on structural features of AAO membranes, especially pore diameter, was studied. The rate of pore widening was established for AAO membranes formed in various anodizing electrolytes and for different temperatures of 5 wt.% H₃PO₄ used for alumina dissolution.

     

The effect of anode surface area on nanoporous oxide formation during anodizing of low purity aluminum (AA1050 alloy)

Porous anodic alumina layers were obtained by a simple two-step anodization of low purity aluminum (99.5 % Al, AA1050 alloy) in a 0.3 M oxalic acid electrolyte at 45 V and 20 °C. The effect of anode surface area on structural features of nanoporous oxide and process of oxide formation was investigated. An ordered structure composed of nanostripes or nanopores was formed on the Al surface during electrochemical polishing in a mixture of perchloric acid and ethanol. This nanopattern is then replicated during the anodic oxide formation. It was found that the pore diameter, interpore distance, and porosity increase slightly with increasing surface area of the aluminum sample exposed to the anodizing electrolyte. On the other hand, a slight decrease in pore density and cell wall thickness was observed with increasing surface area of the sample. The detailed inspection of current density vs. time curves was also performed. The obtained results revealed that the higher surface area of the anode, the local current density minimum, was reached faster during first step of anodization and the increase in current density corresponding to the pore rearrangement process was observed earlier. Finally, a dense array of Pd nanowires (～90 nm in diameter) was synthesized by simple electrodeposition of metal inside the channels of through-hole nanoporous anodic alumina templates with relatively large surface areas (4 cm²).     

特殊型纳米多孔阳极氧化铝模板的制备

多孔阳极氧化铝(PAA)模板具有六角有序排列的柱形孔,且孔径均匀可调,加之其良好的机械和热稳定性,在纳米材料领域得到了广泛研究和应用。近年来,人们通过改变铝阳极氧化条件制备出了多种特殊型纳米PAA模板,并利用这些模板结合物理或化学方法成功地合成了多种新型纳米功能材料。本文在简要介绍常规纳米PAA模板制备的基础上,较全面地综述了诸如孔道呈分叉形、锯齿形、骨形、倒圆锥形,孔洞呈菱形、三角形、正方形,孔道或孔壁结构呈周期性变化等特殊型纳米PAA模板的制备,揭示了电场强度和电解液种类、温度在PAA孔洞形貌尺寸调控方面的重要性,并展望了这类模板的发展方向及应用前景。     

制备工艺条件对SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-Al固体酸催化剂性能影响

采用铝阳极氧化法制备了Al2O3-Al-体型多孔氧化铝载体,再采用电沉积技术将TiO2沉积到氧化铝多孔的纳米孔道内,制备了催化精馏专用SO42-/TiO2-Al2O3-Al型固体酸催化剂,并以乙酸乙酯合成为模型反应,考察了水封条件,电沉积电压、电沉积时间等制备工艺条件对催化剂活性的影响.实验结果表明,适宜的制备条件为水封温度为50℃,水封时间为1 h,电沉积电压为6V,电沉积时间为30 min,在此制备条件下,醋酸转化率为31.34%.采用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线衍射分析(XRD)手段对所制备催化剂进行了表征.结果表明:阳极氧化铝膜的结构为无定型结构,TiO2在载体上呈高度分散状态.