NiAl和Cr材料中H原子间隙的第一性原理计算

通过第一性原理赝势平面波方法研究了氢原子在B2-NiAl和Cr合金中的占位以及对键合性质的影响. H在NiAl的富Al和富Ni八面体间隙杂质形成能分别为-2.365和-2.022eV,而在四面体间隙不稳定. H在Cr的八面体和四面体间隙的杂质形成能分别为-2.344和-2.605eV. H在NiAl中的最稳定位置为富Al八面体间隙,而在Cr中的最稳定位置是四面体间隙. 可以预期H在B2-NiAl/Cr体系中主要占据Cr 的四面体间隙位置. 通过分析原子结构、电荷集居数、价电荷密度以及态密度,讨论了H对B2 关键词： NiAl/Cr双相合金 H原子 第一性原理     

Al辐照损伤初期的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理平面波赝势方法,对Al辐照损伤初期产生的本征点缺陷和He缺陷进行了研究.通过晶体结构、缺陷形成能和结合能,分析比较了缺陷形成的难易程度及对晶体稳定性的影响,并从态密度、差分电荷密度和电荷布居的角度,分析了其电子机理.结果表明:对于同类型的缺陷,其造成的晶格畸变越大,体系稳定性越低,缺陷形成的难度越大.同类型缺陷形成的难易程度由易到难依次为空位(置换位原子)、八面体间隙原子和四面体间隙原子,但相同位置的本征缺陷的形成难度小于He缺陷.间隙原子容易与空位结合,且Al原子与空位结合的能力强于He原子.间隙Al原子和He原子主要存在于八面体,且缺陷原子引起部分电子向更高能级转移,并导致与其最邻近的Al原子之间的共价作用减弱,从而降低了体系稳定性.间隙Al原子与最邻近的Al原子之间产生了强烈的共价作用,而He原子和最邻近Al原子之间主要为范德瓦耳斯力和较弱的离子键,这是含He缺陷的体系稳定性更低的重要原因.     

铝中氦原子行为的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函理论计算了大量He原子存在时He在金属铝中不同位置的能量,并在理论上预测了铝中的氦原子行为.结果表明,铝晶胞内He原子择优占位区是空位,而在整个晶体范围,最有利于容纳He原子的区域是晶界,其次是空位和位错.在fcc-铝的两种间隙位中,He原子优先充填四面体间隙位.间隙He原子的迁移能很小,易于通过迁移在晶内聚集,或被空位、晶界、位错等缺陷束缚.     

H,O,N,He原子掺杂Al原子的第一性原理研究

采用密度泛函理论框架下的第一性原理平面波赝势方法,对Al中分别加入H,O,N和He原子后的晶体状态进行了研究.通过晶体结构和形成能分析比较了杂质原子占据不同位置的难易程度及对晶体稳定性的影响,并从态密度、电荷密度和电荷布居的角度,分析了其电子结构.结果表明:H、O和N原子占据金属Al的四面体间隙最稳定,而He原子主要占据金属Al的八面体间隙. O和N原子与Al原子具有强烈的共价作用,H原子与Al原子存在共价作用但相对较弱,而He原子与Al原子的相互作用以范德华力为主.进一步揭示了四种原子在金属Al中不同行为的电子机制.     

金属Fe与间隙H原子相互作用的密度泛函研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理方法, 研究了不同摩尔比下H在α-Fe和γ-Fe晶格中的间隙占位情况, 计算了稳态晶体的总能量、结合能、溶解热、电子态密度、电荷差分密度和电荷布居, 分析了间隙H原子和Fe晶格之间的相互作用, 讨论了H溶解对α-Fe和γ -Fe晶体电子结构的影响. 结果表明: H溶解引起α-Fe和γ-Fe晶体点阵晶格畸变, 体积膨胀率随着溶氢量的增加而增加. 从能量角度分析发现, H优先占据α-Fe的四面体间隙位, 而在γ -Fe中优先 占据八面体间隙位. 态密度、电荷差分密度以及电荷布居分析发现, 间隙H原子与Fe晶格的相互作用仅由H的1s轨道电子和Fe的4s轨道电子所贡献, 二者作用力相对较弱, 这是造成H在Fe晶格中固溶度较低的主要原因之一. 关键词： 金属Fe 间隙H原子 第一性原理 溶解热     

放射性核素铀在针铁矿中的占位研究

用第一性原理研究放射性同位素铀在针铁矿(α-FeOOH)中的占位情况, 分别考虑铀原子替代针铁矿中的铁的替位缺陷和铀的多种八面体和多种四面体间隙缺陷. 计算发现了三个最稳定的缺陷构型, 它们分别对应于一个铀替位缺陷(S) 及其中的一个铀的八面体(O)和四面体(T)间隙缺陷, 其形成能分别为-13.49, -3.86, -1.60 eV. 也研究了两个相邻的铀原子在针铁矿中的占位情况, 发现双铀原子很容易掺入到相邻的SS或OS位, 它们的形成能分别为-27.392和-16.214 eV, 结合能分别为-0.417和1.131 eV. 表明双原子铀在针铁矿中会以SS形式发生偏聚而较难以OS形式偏聚. 关键词： 铀 针铁矿 占位 第一性原理     

铝中氦原子行为的密度泛函研究

用密度泛函理论计算了大量He原子存在时He在金属铝中不同位置的能量,并在理论上预测了铝中的氦原子行为。结果表明,铝晶胞内He原子择优占位区是空位,而在整个晶体范围,最有利于容纳He原子的区域是晶界,其次是空位和位错。在fcc-铝的两种间隙位中,He原子优先充填四面体间隙位。间隙He原子的迁移能很小,易于通过迁移在晶内聚集,或被空位、晶界、位错等缺陷束缚。     

C,N, O原子在金属V中扩散行为的第一性原理计算

基于密度泛函理论, 采用第一性原理计算方法研究了C, N, O原子在金属V中的扩散行为. 首先, 讨论了C, N, O原子在V体心立方晶格中的间隙占位情况, 分析了其在间隙位置与V晶格的相互作用, 并探究了这种相互作用对金属V电子结构的影响. 研究结果表明: C, N, O原子在V的八面体间隙位置更为稳定, 并且C, N, O原子的2p电子与V的3d电子之间有比较强的成键作用; C, N, O原子的扩散势垒分别为0.89, 1.26, 0.98 eV, 并得出了其扩散系数表达式; 最后, 通过阿仑尼乌斯关系图对比了三者在V中扩散系数的大小, 并计算出体系温度在500–1100 K之间时其在V中的扩散系数, 计算结果与实验值基本符合.     

铝阳极氧化过程中氢对氧迁移影响的理论研究

为了研究铝阳极氧化过程中离子在阳极反应中的行为,利用第一性原理研究了氢原子对氧原子在铝(111)表面的吸附迁移行为的影响及氧原子向铝晶体内部的渗透行为的影响.结果表明,由于“抽象”(abstract)效应,氢原子的存在大大降低了氧进入铝晶体的能垒.氢原子的引入也影响了氧原子在铝晶体中的扩散,这可以显著降低氧原子在四面体间隙位置之间迁移的活化能(从1.23eV到0.35eV).这些结论助于我们了解阳极氧化过程和离子迁移过程.     

γ-Fe中氢扩散行为的第一性原理研究

不锈钢中氢脆问题一直是研究者们关注热点,然而至今为止,对于钢中合金元素及空位与H原子之间的作用机理依然不清晰.采用第一性原理方法研究了H原子在不同体系下γ-Fe(Fe₈H、Fe₇Cr/MoH、Fe₇H)的扩散激活能、扩散系数以及扩散过渡态,对比了H原子在不同体系γ-Fe中的扩散难易程度,并从电子结构层次解释其相互作用.研究结果表明,空位的存在会改变H原子在γ-Fe中的扩散路径.在含空位的晶胞中H原子稳定存在于空位附近的近四面体间隙中,并沿空位附近的四面体间隙或八面体到四面体间隙路径扩散. γ-Fe中空位对H原子的影响是局域性的,一方面是捕获H原子的陷阱;另一方面降低了H原子的扩散激活能,促进H原子的扩散.而Cr/Mo的掺杂会降低空位对H原子的束缚,也会抑制H原子的扩散.     

Trapping of helium atom by vacancy in tungsten: a density functional theory study

The interaction between helium (He) atom and vacancy defect in tungsten (W) has been investigated by using first-principles simulations. We have obtained that the most stable site for He in tungsten is the substitutional position because He can keep its own electronic structure at this position. In the studied tungsten system, vacancy can act as a trapping center for surrounding He atom with negative trapping energy. The migration behaviors of He atom at tetrahedral interstitial site in W, which can be trapped by vacancy but the final position is almost unchanged comparing with its initial position through structural relaxation, have been predicted and discussed. It is also found that single He atom prefers to go through an octahedral site rather than through a direct path to the vacancy, and the stronger the interaction between He atom and vacancy is, the lower the migration barrier will be.     

Effects of Cr on H and He trapping and vacancy complexes in V in a fusion environment: a first-principles study

First-principles density functional theory was used to investigate the interaction between hydrogen (H) and helium (He) in V–Cr alloy, which is a potential structural material for use in fusion reactors. When vacancies are present in the V–Cr alloy, a single He atom prefers to occupy the octahedral site near the Cr atom rather than vacancy centre, which differs from the cases of iron and tungsten. Because of the decrease of the electron density around the He atom, there was a strong interaction between He and H. In the vicinity of He-vac complexes, H atoms tend to stay in the tetrahedral site rather than occupy the octahedral-interstitial site. A single He-vac complex can trap as many as six H atoms, which is more than can be trapped by an empty vacancy in the V–Cr alloy because of the electronic density redistribution of vacancy vicinity. This strong attraction explains the enhanced retention of H and He observed near the surface of V and V-based alloys under both sequential and simultaneous bombardments. The results provide useful insight into the application of the V-based alloys as candidate structural materials in fusion Tokamaks.     

Ab initio study of formation, migration and binding properties of helium-vacancy clusters in aluminum

Ab initio calculations based on density functional theory have been performed to study the dissolution and migration of helium, and the stability of small helium-vacancy clusters He_nV_m (n, m=0-4) in aluminum. The results indicate that the octahedral configuration is more stable than the tetrahedral. Interstitial helium atoms are predicted to have attractive interactions and jump between two octahedral sites via an intermediate tetrahedral site with low migration energy. The binding energies of an interstitial He atom and an isolated vacancy to a He_nV_m cluster are also obtained from the calculated formation energies of the clusters. We find that the di- and tri-vacancy clusters are not stable, but He atoms can increase the stability of vacancy clusters.     

氦团簇及氦间隙原子在钨中的稳定性研究

首先采用分子动力学方法研究了在钨中预存氦-空位团簇（He_nV₂₂）后氦原子结合能与氦-空位比的关系。研究发现:当氦-空位比小于4.5时,氦原子结合能随氦-空位比呈线性减小趋势;当氦-空位比大于4.5时,氦原子的结合能随氦-空位比出现剧烈振荡的现象,这种现象是由于钨中预存氦-空位团簇随机挤出位错环使体系能量骤降所导致的。与此同时,氦-空位团簇周围出现了一些处于亚稳态的fcc结构和hcp结构的钨。为了研究氦团簇周围压强对钨基体相变的影响,本文利用第一性原理对钨的三种结构进行了高压相变计算,发现静水压力不能使钨的三种结构互相转变。另外,通过对bcc钨和fcc钨中四面体间隙氦原子和八面体间隙氦原子电荷密度差的计算,发现bcc钨中四面体间隙氦原子的稳定性高于八面体间隙氦原子的稳定性,而在fcc钨中四面体间隙氦原子的稳定性弱于八面体间隙氦原子的稳定性。     

Theoretical study of aging effects on LaNi_5 tritium storage

1 Introduction LaNi5 intermetallic compounds, used in storage, separation and purification of hydro- gen and hydrogen isotopes, are known for a high-density storage, easy activation, low pressure, and rapid and reversible absorption and desorption[1-15]. Tritium as an impor- tant material in the nuclear industry is radioactively decaying into 3He with a half-life of 12.3 years. With time, there are many changes in the electronic and physical properties of the tritide for the deposition of 3He…     

First-principles study of He point-defects in HCP rare-earth metals

He defect properties in Sc, Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Lu were studied using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The results indicate that the formation energy of an interstitial He atom is smaller than that of a substitutional He atom in all hcp rare-earth metals considered. Furthermore, the tetrahedral interstitial position is more favorable than an octahedral position for He defects. The results are compared with those from bcc and fcc metals.     

Effects of Zr and V additions on the stability and migration of He in bcc W: A first-principles study

The effects of zirconium (Zr) and vanadium (V) on the dissolution, diffusion and trapping behaviors of helium (He) in body-centered cubic (bcc) tungsten (W) have been investigated using first-principles simulations. We found that Zr and V atoms usually prefer to disperse into W-rich region rather than aggregate in W host lattice. Energetically, the relatively stable position for an interstitial He remains the tetrahedral interstitial site in W with the presence of Zr/V atom. The solution energy of the He atom is reduced because of the attractive interaction between He and Zr/V atom. Compared to W with Zr, the stronger attractive interaction between V and He results in the lower He solution energy in W with V. Kinetically, the He atom diffusion to Zr/V has a lower energy barrier than that of He diffusion to W along the optimal diffusion path TIS–TIS. In addition, the existing Zr/V atom improves the ability of Zr/V-Vacancy complex to capture He atom. These results provide incontrovertible evidence that the existing Zr/V atom has great influence on the behavior of He atom in bulk W.