邻苯二酚紫-示波计时电位法测定天然水中不同形态铝

报道邻苯二酚紫-示波计时电位法分别在酸性和碱性条件下直接检测天然水中的无机单核铝和总单核铝浓度。并用该法测定了水样中的总铝,有机单核铝和酸溶态铝,从而实现了天然水中5种Al形态的电化学测定。测定了20多个实际水样,与Driscoll方法进行了对照,结果基本一致。     

茶汤及河水中铬的形态分析

本文采用７１７型强碱性阴离子交换树脂、活性炭分离富集与偶氮胂Ⅲ光度法结合，研究了铬形态的分离及测定，提出了铬的形态分析方法，有此法测定了茶汤及河水中铬的总量，悬浮态．溶解态、无机态、有机态、Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）和Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）。茶汤中铬主要以有机态存在，而河水中铬则主要以悬浮态存在。     

阳离子交换树脂分离-铝试剂分光光度法测定土壤中铝形态

研究了铝试剂光度法测定土壤溶液中铝的最佳条件,着重探讨了共存离子,特别是土壤溶液中的无机离子和有机阴离子对测定铝的影响。采用阳离子交换树脂分离,建立了测定土壤溶液及天然水中铝形态方法。用该法可测定总反应性铝、总单核铝和稳定性单核铝。由总反应性铝减去总单核铝求得酸溶性铝。由总单核铝减去稳定单核铝求得不稳定单核铝。与阳离子树脂交换分离-邻苯二酚紫光度法进行了比较。结果表明：邻苯二酚紫光度法灵敏度较高,但铁的干扰较大。铝试剂光度法灵敏度略低,但铁的干扰较少。阳离子树脂交换分离-铝试剂光度法更适合于测定含铁量比较高的土壤溶液中的铝形态。     

湘江(长沙段)水中铬的形态分布及其迁移

研究了湘江水中铬的存在形态、分离方法和分析流程。用极谱催化法测定了江水中的总铬、总溶解铬、颗粒态铬、有机态铬、溶解无机铬、溶解无机态Cr(Ⅵ)、溶解无机态Cr(Ⅲ)。分析了不同季节里铬的存在形态及其迁移转化。结果表明溶解无机态铬是主要的存在形态,其中溶解无机态Cr(Ⅵ)较易转化成毒性较小的Cr(Ⅲ)。不同季节中铬的各形态的含量不同,其中颗粒态铬和有机态铬在夏季的含量较高,而其余各形态的铬在秋、冬两季的含量高于春、夏两季。江水对铬污染的自净能力较强,铬造成的污染的范围较小。     

酸性媒染紫—示波计时电位法测定天然水不同形态铝

本文报道酸性媒染紫（SVRS）一示波计时电位法测定天然水中不同形态铝。对24个实际水样分别在酸性pH5.2测定了无机单核铝Ali和碱性pH8.8底液中测定总单核铝Ala,有机单核铝Al0-Ala-Alio同时还应用该法测定了酸化水样中总铝AlT,酸溶态铝AlT=AlT-Ala,从而实现了水样中五种形态铝的电化学测定,测定值与Driscoll方法进行了比较对照,结果基本一致。本法特点为：简便快捷,灵敏准确,可以直接测定与铝毒性密切相关的无机单核铝Ali,无需分离步骤,水样用量小,适用于大批量天然水样中Al形态的快速分析。     

茶汤及河水中铁的形态分析

本文采用阳离子交换、活性炭分离－光度法研究了铁的形态分离及测定条件，建立了铁的形态分析方法。应用此法测定了茶汤及河水中铁的总量、悬浮态、溶解态、无机态、有机态、Ｆｅ（Ⅲ）和Ｆｅ（Ⅱ）等形态，结果令人满意。     

生活饮用水经餐具煮沸后金属元素含量分析

采用火焰原子吸收法测定了生活饮用水经不同餐具煮沸后金属元素Ｋ，Ｎａ，Ｃａ，Ｍｇ含量的变化，结果显示，自来水在煮沸２０ｍｉｎ后，４种金属元素含量均明显升高，而以经铝制高压锅和搪瓷锅煮后的中元素含量升高明显，而以经铁锅煮后水中元素含量升高最低，但各元素含量均在正常范围之内，长期饮用不会对健康产生明显影响。     

酸性媒染紫一示波计时电位法测定天然水不同形态铝

本文报道酸性媒染紫(SVRS)一示波计时电位法测定天然水中不同形态铝.对24个实际水样分别在酸性pH5.2测定了无机单核铝Ali和碱性pH8.8底液中测定总单核铝A1a,有机单核铝Al.=A1a-Ali.同时还应用该法测定了酸化水样中总铝AlT,酸溶态铝Alr=AlT-A1a,从而实现了水样中五种形态铝的电化学测定.测定值与DriSColl方法进行了比较对照,结果基本一致.本法特点为简便快捷,灵敏准确,可以直接测定与铝毒性密切相关的无机单核铝A1i,无需分离步骤,水样用量小,适用于大批量天然水样中Al形态的快速分析.     

离子交换/8-羟基喹啉荧光法分别测定天然水中的无机和有机单核铝

采用离子交换／氯仿萃取－８－羟基喹啉荧光法（８－Ｏｘ－ＣＦ－ＥＦ）分别测定了天然水样中的无机和有机单核铝。与Ｄｒｉｓｃｏｌｌ建立的铝形态区分法进行了比较,结果一致,本法优点是：可以直接测定水中的无机单核铝,减少了实验误差。     

羟铝络合物的合成,络合形态及其应用

用含镁废水絮凝造纸黑液的研究，从而开发了含镁木质素有机无机复混肥［１］。随着该种复混肥的工业化生产，含镁废水的收集、运输等面临困难，急需合成廉价的含镁废水的替代物。文献［２］虽然启示了羟铝络合物处理各种水有良好效果，但用羟铝络合物絮凝造纸黑液未见报道。本文研究含镁废水替代物——羟铝络合物的合成，及其与聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＡＭ）在高效絮凝并分离造纸黑液中木质素和残碱液的应用，同时探讨羟铝络合物在水中的络合形态及影响因素。１　实验部分１．１　主要仪器与试剂ＦＴ－８０ＡＮＭＲ仪，１０ｍｍＮＭＲ管，ＦＩＤ；…     

Pitting Corrosion Mechanisms and Characteristics of Aluminum in Solar Heating Systems

The complex characteristics and mechanisms of aluminum pitting corrosion in a solar heating system were studied by the chemical immersion method and electrochemical techniques as well as fractal theory. The results showed that pitting corrosion of Al occurred in a tap water environment due to the local enrichment of Cl^? ions. The higher the Cl^? ions concentration, the more negative the critical pitting potential (E_b) of Al. A linear relationship between E_b and the logarithm of Cl^? ions concentration was observed. The pitting corrosion mechanism of Al in neutral water was explained in terms of complexation corrosion theory. The corrosion surface images of aluminum immersed in tap water were captured and analyzed by image processing technique and box‐dimension method. The fractal characteristics of pit distribution, described by fractal dimension, have been identified. The fractal dimension of the pit distribution increased with the increase of immersion time and had the same trend as that of the weight loss. Fractal dimension can, thus, be used as an important parameter for quantitative evaluation of pitting corrosion of aluminum.     

铬蓝黑R-示波计时电位法快速测定天然水中不同形态的铝浓度

本文报道铬蓝黑 R-示波计时电位法快速测定天然水中不同形态的铝。在 0 .5mol/L 乙酸 -乙酸铵 - 1× 1 0 - 3mol/L铬蓝黑 R( p H4.6)底液中 ,铝 -铬蓝黑 R铬合物在 - 0 .80 V电位处产生灵敏切口 ,切口深度与铝浓度成正比 ,线性范围为 8× 1 0 - 7～6× 1 0 - 5mol/L,检测下限为 6× 1 0 - 7mol/L,相对标准偏差为 4.8% ( n=1 0 ,4× 1 0 - 5mol/L Al)。应用该法测定了天然水中不同形态的铝浓度 ,并同 Driscoll的 MIBK-GF/AAS法进行了比较 ,结果基本一致     

柠檬酸铝溶液中铝的形态研究

采用27Al NMR法、渗析法与原子吸收分光光度法,研究了柠檬酸铝(AlCit)溶液中铝的形态及pH值的影响.结果表明,在AlCit溶液中存在两种形态的Al,一种是分子态AlCit,另一种是胶态Al, pH值增加时,分子态AlCit的量减少而胶态Al的量增加.     

Effects of Fluorine Deposition on the Chemistry of Acid Luvisols

Abstract

The deposition of airborne fluorine by an aluminum smelter in Upper Austria (Central Europe) during 50 years caused a storage of fluorine in the soils up to 170 g m^?2, corresponding to an annual deposition up to 3.7 g m^?2. The proportion of 1:50 water extractable fluorine increased with total fluorine and ranges from 25% to 37% of the total deposition, indicating an increasing risk of groundwater pollution through further fluorine input. The deposited fluorine increased the solubility of exchangeable and ammonium oxalate soluble aluminum. This is explained by ligand exchange of OH^?-groups at the surface of amorphous Al-oxides with consequent dissolution of Al. Subsequently, aluminum was leached and the contents of exchangeable and oxidic aluminum in the topsoils decreased. The released OH^? neutralized protons (H⁺) dissociating from organic matter, causing a significant decrease of the base neutralization capacity, and raising the pH of the soils.     

Aluminum speciation in biological environments. The deprotonation of free and aluminum bound citrate in aqueous solution

Citrate is the main low mass molecule chelator of aluminum in serum, and knowledge of the interaction mode of this organic molecule with this cation is necessary to understand aluminum speciation in biosystems. However, the 1?∶?1 complexation of citric acid to Al(iii) is a complex process due to the myriad of coordination sites and protonation states of this molecule. Moreover, due to the acidic character of the complex, its entire experimental characterization is elusive. The system is also challenging from a computational point of view, due to the difficulties in getting a balanced estimation of the large range of solvation free energies encountered for the different protonation states of a multiprotic acid in both situations, complexed and uncomplexed with a trivalent cation. Herein, the deprotonation process of the free citric acid in solution and that interacting with Al(iii) have been investigated considering all possible coordination modes and protonation states of the citric acid. All the structures were optimized in solution combining the B3LYP density function method with the polarizable continuum IEFPCM model. In addition, different schemes have been employed to obtain reliable solvation energies. Taking into account the most stable isomer of each protonation state, the pK(a) values were computationally estimated for the free citric acid and that interacting with Al(iii), showing a good agreement with the experimental data. All these results shed light on how the deprotonation process of the citric acid takes place, and show that Al(iii) not only increases the acidity of the molecule, but also changes qualitatively the deprotonation pattern of the citric acid. This information is highly relevant to understand aluminum speciation in biological environments, for which citrate is the main low molecular weight chelator, and responsible for its cellular in-take.     

环境水体中聚合铝形态的分析测试技术研究进展

酸性环境中,沉积物释放和土壤淋失的可溶态铝大量进入环境水体,并在水体中以及水和颗粒物界面上发生聚合、絮凝、沉降以及络舍、吸附和电中和等物理化学反应,严重影响着其它元素的生物地球化学循环和其它污染物的迁移和归趋,具有重要的生态和生物效应。而Al^3 及其羟基水解聚合物的形态分析是研究环境和生物体系中铝的毒性、生物有效性和传输机理以及天然水体的自净机理的关键。由于直接有效测定上的困难,对天然水体中是否存在铝水解聚合型体这一观点并未达成共识,其结论也存在一些争议甚至相悖的情况。本文综述了近二十年来环境水体中聚合铝形态测试技术研究的新进展。引用文献60篇。     

Coordination Structure of Aluminum in Magnesium Aluminum Hydroxide Studied by ^27Al NMR

The coordination structure of aluminum in magnesium aluminum hydroxide was studied by ^27Al NMR.The result showed that tetrahedral aluminum (Al^IV) existed in magnesium aluminum hydroxide,and the contents of Al^TV increased with the increase of the ratio of Al/Mg and with the peptizing temperature.Al^IV originated from the so-called Al13 polymer with the structure of one Al tetrahedron surrounded by twelve Al octahedrons.     

Ultra‐sensitive Voltammetric Aluminum Determination on a Solid Bismuth Electrode for Water Filter Verification

This work presents a new ultra‐sensitive method of Al(III) as Al‐cupferron complex voltammetric determination, in 0.04 M ammonium sulfate of pH=6.1 and 0.003 M cupferron by environmentally friendly and durable Bismuth Bulk Annular Band Electrode (BiABE). The optimal measuring parameters include: potential window from ?700 to ?1250 mV versus Ag|AgCl, preconcentration time and potential of 120 s, ?700 mV, respectively. The electrode surface can be activated by fast in situ method: applying short conditioning by the potential of ?1300 mV. The best obtained analytical parameters are: range of linearity 0.2–1.2 μg L^?1 with high sensitivity of 1.333 μA/μg L^?1, limit of detection 0.04 μg L^?1 and repeatability below 2.3 %. The described procedure was verified using various CRMs, i. e. surface waters, waste waters and tea leaves. Satisfactory recovery values were obtained in the interval 99.2–103.5 %. Developed DPV procedure was used to determine Al in tap and natural waters in aspect of recovery of aluminum, which was added to the samples. For the first time, we tested also Al removal efficiency from water by the water filters mounted in the trip bottle.