On quantum radiation in curved spacetime

In the context of quantum field theories in curved spacetime, we compute the effective action of the transition amplitude from vacuum to vacuum in the presence of an external gravitational field. The imaginary part of the resulted effective action determines the probability of vacuum decay via a quantum tunneling process, giving the rate and spectrum of particle creations. We show that (i) the gravitational field polarizes the vacuum and discretizes its spectrum; (ii) vacuum gains gravitational energy by such a polarization. On the basis of gravitational vacuum polarization, we discuss the quantum origin of vacuum decay in curved spacetime as pair-creations of particles and anti-particles. The thermal spectrum of particle creations is attributed to (i) the CPT invariance of pair-creations (annihilations) from (into) vacuum and (ii) vacuum acts as a reserve with the temperature determined by gravitational energy-gain.     

Laser conditioning of high-reflective and anti-reflective coatings in vacuum environments

Laser conditioning effects of the dielectric mirror coatings in vacuum environments were investigated. The laser-induced damage thresholds (LIDT) in vacuum environments before and after laser conditioning were compared. It is found that laser conditioning in vacuum environments decrease the LIDT of the component. Laser conditioning effects in vacuum and atmosphere environments were also compared and investigated. The negative effects of laser conditioning in vacuum environments were discussed and analyzed with defect statistical model, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and absorption measurements.     

On the structure of the QCD vacuum in the large-N limit

We present an approximate QCD vacuum for SU(N → ∞). It is a generalization of the ferromagnetic vacuum first obtained by Savvidy for SU(2) and generalized by one of us to SU(3) and SU(4). Problems occuring for N ? 5 are handled in the large-Nlimit by a contnious formalism, and the vacuum obtained is characterized by N ? 1 constant, commuting, color magnetic fields with an isotropic distribution of spatial directions. The energy density of this vacuum is lower than of the perturbative vacuum by a number proportional to N², as expected from general large-N arguments. Like the Savvidy vacuum the large-N vacuum may decay into a variant of the domained Copenhagen vacuum. We give a lower limit on the domain size.     

格点规范场的真空波函数和真空能量的无规相近似计算

采用无规相近似(RPA)耦合集团展开方法,计算出2?+1维SU(2?)格点规范场的三到六阶真空波函数和真空能量.在计算中,用空心图构成试探波函数,得到的三到六阶真空波函数的计算结果在弱耦合区1g²〉1.2都表现出良好的标度行为.与较早的计算结果比较,采用RPA方法计算的真空波函数比采用非RPA方法计算的结果的标度行为有大幅度的改善.采用RPA方法计算的真空能量比采用非RPA方法计算的真空能量略低,这表明此方法是成功的方法.     

Scattering with vacuum field taken into account

We present the calculation of the photon-electron scattering by taking into account both the static and the dynamic vacuum fields. The vacuum field is represented by the configuration of the space between two uncharged conducting parallel plates which can be at rest (static vacuum field) or moving from each other at a constant velocity (dynamic vacuum field). Correction terms in the computedS-matrix and scattering cross section manifest the influence of the static and dynamic vacuum field.     

真空规管对低温容器残余气体影响的实验研究

以高真空多层绝热低温容器为研究对象,利用残余气体分析仪研究冷阴极真空规管、热阴极真空规管以及热阴极真空规管不同放置位置对低温容器真空夹层内残余气体的影响.结果表明:冷阴极真空规管对低温容器真空夹层内残余气体的影响几乎是可以忽略不计的;热阴极真空规管对低温容器真空夹层内残余气体的影响较大,热阴极的灯丝和残余气体之间存在化...     

EAST铰链式机械臂真空存储舱 CASK系统研制

总体描述了EAST机械臂真空舱系统设计，介绍了实现进展情况。EAST铰链式机械臂是用于在不破坏EAST内部真空环境下对第一壁内部进行近距离观测、快速维修的一种检修工具。考虑到对EAST铰链式机械臂的存储、支撑以及工作条件，需要设计和制造出一个密封的真空舱系统。该系统可以在真空条件下通过一个直径为250mm的连接端口连接到EAST主体机构上。系统设计主要分为真空存储舱CASK腔体、真空系统以及烘烤系统三个部分。     

CSNS加速器真空控制系统的设计与实现

中国散裂中子源(CSNS)加速器真空控制系统负责真空数据采集、设备监控和闸板阀控制与联锁,是设备运行和故障诊断以及超高真空保持的重要保障。本文介绍了加速器真空需求,基于实验物理及工业控制系统EPICS软件框架的真空控制系统设计与实现,使用横河可编程逻辑控制器PLC控制与联锁设备,摩莎MOXA工控机监测真空状态,EPICS PV数据直接进入声音报警系统和历史数据库系统,为工作人员及时发现和处理问题、进行后续数据分析和机器研究等提供了便捷途径和可靠保障。目前,该系统已完成现场安装和调试,并已正式投入运行。运行结果表明,该系统具有稳定性好、可靠性高、人机交互友好的特点,很好地满足了加速器真空控制系统运行的需要。     

Influence of Vacuum Organic Contaminations on Laser-Induced Damage of 1064 nm Anti-Reflective Coatings

We investigate the influence of vacuum organic contaminations on laser-induced damage threshold （LIDT） of optical coatings. Anti-reflective （AIR） coatings at 1064 nm made by Ta2 O5/SiO2 are deposited by the ion beam sputtering method. The LIDTs of AR coatings are measured in vacuum and in atmosphere, respectively. It is exhibited that contaminations in vacuum are easily to be absorbed onto optical surface because of lower pressure, and they become origins of damage, resulting in the decrease of LIDT from 24.5J/cm^2 in air to 15.TJ/cm^2 in vacuum. The LIDT of coatings in vacuum has is slightly changed compared with the value in atmosphere after the organic contaminations are wiped off. These results indicate that organic contaminations are the main reason of the LIDT decrease in vacuum. Additionally, damage morphologies have distinct changes from vacuum to atmosphere because of the differences between the residual stress and thermal decomposability of filmy materials.     

Much ado about nothing: Vacuum and renormalization in the light-front framework

In the light-front (LF) formulation of quantum field theory, nontrivial vacuum structure can appear only in zero-modes. Integrating out zero-mode degrees of freedom leads to an effective LF Hamiltonian, which acts only on nonzero-modes and thus has a trivial vacuum, but is nevertheless equivalent to the Hamiltonian in normal coordinates (with nontrivial vacuum) since the nontrivial vacuum structure enters through the coefficients of the eff. LF Hamiltonian.     

Calculation of Tensor Susceptibility Beyond Rainbow-Ladder Approximation

In this paper, we extend the calculation of tensor vacuum susceptibility in the rainbow-ladder approximation of the Dyson–Schwinger (DS) approach in Shi et al. (Phys Lett B 639:248, 2006) to that of employing the Ball–Chiu (BC) vertex. The dressing effect of the quark-gluon vertex on the tensor vacuum susceptibility is investigated. Our results show that compared with its rainbow-ladder approximation value, the tensor vacuum susceptibility obtained in the BC vertex approximation is reduced by about 10%. This shows that the dressing effect of the quark-gluon vertex is not large in the calculation of the tensor vacuum susceptibility in the DS approach.     

The influence of unipolar axial magnetic field on the behavior of vacuum arcs

The behavior of vacuum arcs under the influence of unipolar axial magnetic field (AMF) has been investigated. In experimental investigations, the vacuum arc mode is studied at different arc currents by using high-speed charge-coupled device (CCD) video images. In spite of the AMF, first sign of arc constriction appears at relatively small currents of about 15 kA (RMS). Three different arc modes were found. Based on generalized Ohm's law, the current density distribution in the vacuum arc with unipolar axial magnetic field is computed using three-dimensional finite-element method (FEM) software. The calculated current distribution is confirmed by the vacuum arc appearance taken from CCD video film. The distribution of AMF can be optimized by such experiments and theoretical analysis.     

真空冷却过程中真空室内温度变化的实验研究

以熟肉为实验材料,对真空冷却过程中真空室内温度变化进行了实验研究。结果发现:真空冷却过程中真空室内的温度会出现一些波动,其变化过程可以分为四个阶段:真空室内的温度从15.8℃一直降低到10.7℃;然后从10.7℃升到最高的19.1℃;随着产品温度的降低以及真空室内压力的降低,真空室内的温度从最高的19.1℃降低到最低的6.1℃;最后,由于真空室内放气阀的开启,使得真空室的温度从最低的6.1℃升高到最终的13.1℃,一直保持在真空冷却过程结束。     

Impact of organic contamination in vacuum on laser-induced damage threshold of TiO2/SiO2 dielectric mirrors

The influence of organic contamination in vacuum on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of coatings is studied. TiO2/SiO2 dielectric mirrors with high reflection at 1064 nm are deposited by the electronbeam evaporation method and their LIDTs are measured in vacuum and atmosphere, respectively.It is found that the contamination in vacuum is easily attracted to optical surfaces because of the low pressure and becomes the source of damage, O2 molecules in vacuum with contamination can accelerate the laser-induced damage by observing LIDT and damage morphologies. LIDTs of mirrors have a little change in vacuum compared with in atmosphere when the organic contamination is wiped off. The results indicate that organic contamination is a significant reason to decrease the LIDT in vacuum.     

NEG镀膜真空盒在线激活的初步研究

合肥先进光源（HALF）是一台正在规划中的衍射极限同步辐射光源,其紧凑的物理设计和小孔径磁铁导致传统离散分布的真空泵系统很难达到衍射极限储存环所需的超高真空环境。镀有NEG（Non-Evaporable Getter）薄膜的小孔径真空盒不仅节约空间,还具有分布式吸气的能力,能满足衍射极限装置对超高真空的需求。NEG膜层需要在一定温度下激活才能具有吸气作用,因此在满足其他部件安全的前提下,它的激活方法与工艺十分重要。本文通过建立在线激活NEG薄膜的温度分析模型,模拟在加热温度为180 ℃和200 ℃情况下的NEG镀膜真空盒及磁铁的温度分布;采用聚酰亚胺加热膜缠绕管道的加热方式对管道的在线激活工艺进行初步研究,完成银铜（OFS）真空管在线激活时的温度测量,测得磁铁最高温度保持在40 ℃左右,验证了NEG镀膜真空管在线激活时四极磁铁的安全性。此研究为合肥先进光源NEG镀膜真空盒在线激活提供了解决方案和工作基础。     

双J-C模型中两原子的纠缠动力学特征

初始处于类贝尔纠缠态的完全一样的二能级原子A和B分别与空间分离的两处于真空场的腔场a和腔场b发生相互作用,利用双Jaynes-Cummings理论模型进行分析,我们采用部分转置矩阵的负本征值(negativity)的方法研究了两原子间纠缠度随时间演化的动力学特征,通过数值计算和理论分析发现在一定参数范围内原子间出现纠缠猝死现象;通过参数调整能有效缩小纠缠猝死区域,在一定的参数条件下能有效消除两原子间的纠缠猝死现象。     

Sixth harmonic generation of 1064-nm laser in KBBF prism coupling devices under two kinds of gas conditions

The conversion efficiency on the sixth harmonic of 1064 nm in KBe2BO3F2 （KBBF） at different gas pressures in two kinds of gases, helium and nitrogen, is measured and compared. In the both gases, maximum conversion efficiency on the sixth harmonic of 1064 nm in high vacuum is nearly 10% of 355 nm, which is almost four times higher than that in low vacuum. The maximum average output power at 177.3 nm is 670 ttW with the repetition rate of 10 Hz and the duration of 20 ps in high vacuum. It indicates that the sixth harmonic generation in high vacuum is more preferable than that in low vacuum.     

电子敏感CMOS部件除气方法北大核心CSCD

电子轰击有源像素传感器(electron bombarded active pixel sensor,EBAPS)作为真空-固体混合型微光器件,其性能和工作寿命一定程度上取决于器件内部真空度保持情况。分析造成EBAPS器件真空度下降的原因,推断出真空度恶化的严重后果,提出提高和保持EBAPS器件内部真空度的手段,通过搭建超高真空除气系统对EBAPS器件中核心部件电子敏感CMOS部件的放气特性进行了研究,并根据研究结果得到最佳的除气工艺参数,为EBAPS数字化微光器件的制备提供了技术基础。     

Adsorption-activated resonant photoemission

Photoemission induced by vacuum ultraviolet resonance radiation of xenon atoms from the surface of a solid in vacuum and in the case of a target in contact with a gas has been experimentally studied. It has been demonstrated that the photoemission response increases strongly (up to an order of magnitude) under the adsorption (or implantation) of gas atoms into the target when vacuum ultraviolet radiation resonantly acts on these atoms. This is due to different mechanisms of photoemission from the surface of the solid in vacuum and from the surface in contact with the gas. The notion of activated resonant photoemission has been introduced.     

Condensate Structure of the Vacuum of Quantum Chromodynamics

The non-perturbative vacuum structure of quantum chromodynamies (QCD) is studied with the help of methods which are generalizations of those used to describe condensation effects and quasi-particles in superfluid and superconductive mediums. The gluon condensation is explained by the introduction of a new vacuum state defined by a Bogoljubov transformation, leading to non-vanishing vacuum expectation values as e.g. the gluon condensation parameter, a negative vacuum energy density, and to a gap in the energy spectrum which is connected with excited quasi-particle states with a rest mass.