剩余函数量子Monte Carlo方法

为量子Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ方法提出一条新途径－剩余函数法,引入了Ｓｃｈｒｏｅｄｉｎｇｅｒ方程剩余函数的概念,利用剩余函数将一种新的有明显物理意义的试探函数应用到量子Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ过程中,这种试探函数是通过一种迭进式的方式确定的,它不需要在Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ过程中优化参数。文中我们将给出这种试探函数的具体形式,证明由这种试探函数求出的能量期望值收敛于体系真实的能量值;文中还给出这种试探     

Monte Carlo方法在高分子科学中的应用

介绍了Monte Carlo方法的历史及其特点,并描述了它在现代高分子科学研究中的广泛应用情况,并对其前景作了一些展望。     

量子Monte Carlo处理激发态

提出了用于电子激发态的剩余函数变分量子ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ（ＳＦＶＭＣ）方法,已经证明：若激发态的初始波函数与基态的初始波函数属于对称性不同的不可约表示时,该激发态的ＳＦＶＭＣ方法与基态的ＳＦＶＭＣ方法完全相同;若激发态的初始波函数与基态的初始波函数有相同的对称性时,只要对激发态的初始波函数作正交性修正,则其态的ＳＦＶＭＣ方法亦可推到该激发态的情况。文章导出了这第二类激发态的ＳＦＶＭＣ方法的详细计     

用变分Monte Carlo方法处理分子

对变分量子Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｔｏ方法提出了一种种算法：将传统的Ｈａｒｔｒｅｅ－Ｆｏｅｋ方法与量子Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ方法有机结合在一起；导出了“局部能”的解析式；使用了一种新的相关函数和随机数发生器。我们用这个新算法计算了Ｈ２、ＬｉＨ、Ｌｉ２、Ｈ２Ｏ、Ｆ２分子的基态和ＣＨ２分子的＾３Ｂ１、＾１Ａ１态的能量。计算结果表明，这个新算法在精度和统计误差两个方面比一般ＶＭＣ过程都要好得多。     

自优化剩余函数量子Monte Carlo方法

提出剩余函数量子Monte Carlo的一个新算法，这是一个自优化和自改善的过程.与以前的算法相比，本算法中的试探函数的优化是在剩余函数方法中同步进行的，而不是在变分Monte Carlo计算之前.为了优化试探函数，使用一种改进了的速降法，这是一个步长能够自动调节，超线性收敛的优化技术.在这个算法中,还使用了一种新的相关函数，它满足电子与电子以及电子与核奇点条件.此方法已被用于计算H2、LiH、Li2、H2O分子的基态以及CH2的X 3B1态、1 1A1态和2 1A1态的能量值.     

两亲性梳形聚合物胶束行为的Monte Carlo模拟

采用二维和三维格子模型用Monte Carlo法模拟两亲性梳形聚合物的胶束行 为. 模拟时采用动态算法结合链的reptation运动并且编制了三维结构显示程序及获得了体系的Monte Carlo自由能. 结果表明: 约化相互作用能的选取对胶束及乳液体系的形态结构有重大影响; 三维模拟可以得到体系形态结构更为直观的结果; 亲油主链亲水侧链型梳形聚合物在水相中的胶束比在油相的胶束有更低的能量.     

聚硅烷链形状的Monte Carlo研究

用ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法对θ溶液中考虑二级相互作用的聚硅烷链的形状进行了研究。结果表明聚硅烷链的形状明显偏离球形，它与链长有关，长链极限的比值＜Ｌ２１＞∶＜Ｌ２２＞∶＜Ｌ２３＞约为１∶２．７∶１２．１。还发现聚硅烷链转动惯量的最长主轴与末端距矢量之间夹角的统计平均值＜θ＞的极限值约为２７°。     

Monte Carlo模拟方法研究管道受限对高分子链缠结的影响

采用基于格子模型的Monte Carlo模拟方法,考察了链长分别为30和250的线形高分子在管道内受限状态下的尺寸及扩散性质.结果表明,当线形高分子的链长低于其缠结链长时,其受限条件下高分子的性质随受限程度的变化而单调变化;而当线形高分子的链长大于缠结链长时,高分子的性质表现出非单调性,进而说明受限具有一定程度的解缠结...     

表面扩散的Monte Carlo初探

利用ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ方法模拟了理想表面和分形表面上的扩散过程；通过模拟可以发现，表面扩散系数不仅与表面浓度有关，而且还与扩散的时间、表面的几何形貌等有关。在表面覆盖度比较高时，表面扩散系数有一极大值。与理想表面相比，分形表面会使扩散系数减小。     

Monte Carlo方法模拟胶体沉降过程中粒子半径的影响

运用Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ方法模拟了粒子在重力场中扩散控制的沉降过程，获得了不同粒径下的沉降图样，并用分维进行了分析。结果表明，随着粒子半径的增大，沉降图样堆积得越来越紧密，当粒径小于４３０ｎｍ时，分维数随粒径的增大迅速增大；大于４３０ｎｍ时，分维数增长缓慢，最后趋近于２。     

A benchmark quantum Monte Carlo study of the ground state chromium dimer

We report calculations of the ground state energy and binding curve of the chromium dimer using the variational and diffusion quantum Monte Carlo (VMC and DMC) methods. We examined various single‐determinant and multideterminant wavefunctions multiplied by a Jastrow factor as a trial/guiding wavefunction for VMC/DMC. The molecular orbitals in the single determinants were calculated using restricted or unrestricted Hartree–Fock or density functional theory (DFT) calculations where five commonly used local (SVWN5), semilocal (PW91 and BLYP), and hybrid (B1LYP and B3LYP) functionals were examined. The multideterminant expansions were obtained from the generalized valence bond and (truncated) unrestricted configuration interaction with single and double excitations (UCISD) methods. We also examined a UCISD wavefunction in which UCISD expansions were added to the UB3LYP single‐determinant reference, and their coefficients were optimized at the VMC level. In addition to the wavefunction dependence, the effects of pseudopotentials and backflow transformation were also investigated. The UB3LYP single‐determinant and multideterminant wavefunctions were found to give the variationally best DMC energies within the framework of single‐determinant and multideterminants, respectively, though both the DMC energies were higher than twice the DMC atomic energy. Some of the VMC binding curves show a flat or quite shallow well bottom, which gets recovered deeper by DMC. All the DMC binding curves have a minimum indicating a bound state, but the unrestricted ones overestimate the equilibrium bond length. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2012     

应用Monte Carlo平均值法计算STO双中心重迭积分

把Monte Carlo方法引进STO双中心重叠积分的计算中,结果表明,它不仅计算简便、快速、很容易在计算机上实现,而且具有较高的精确度,有望推广应用于更复杂的多中心分子积分中.     

Electronic energy functionals: Levy–Lieb principle within the ground state path integral quantum Monte Carlo

We propose a theoretical/computational protocol based on the use of the Ground State Path Integral Quantum Monte Carlo for the calculation of the kinetic and Coulomb energy density for a system of N interacting electrons in an external potential. The idea is based on the derivation of the energy densities via the (N ? 1)‐conditional probability density within the framework of the Levy–Lieb constrained search principle. The consequences for the development of energy functionals within the context of density functional theory are discussed. We propose also the possibility of going beyond the energy densities and extend this idea to a computational procedure where the (N ? 1)‐conditional probability is an implicit functional of the electron density, independently from the external potential. In principle, such a procedure paves the way for an on‐the‐fly determination of the energy functional for any system. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Zori 1.0: a parallel quantum Monte Carlo electronic structure package

The Zori 1.0 package for electronic structure computations is described. Zori performs variational and diffusion Monte Carlo computations as well as correlated wave function optimization. This article presents an overview of the implemented methods and code capabilities.     

A sparse algorithm for the evaluation of the local energy in quantum Monte Carlo

A new algorithm is presented for the sparse representation and evaluation of Slater determinants in the quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) method. The approach, combined with the use of localized orbitals in a Slater-type orbital basis set, significantly extends the size molecule that can be treated with the QMC method. Application of the algorithm to systems containing up to 390 electrons confirms that the cost of evaluating the Slater determinant scales linearly with system size.     

Quantum Monte Carlo with very large multideterminant wavefunctions

An algorithm to compute efficiently the first two derivatives of (very) large multideterminant wavefunctions for quantum Monte Carlo calculations is presented. The calculation of determinants and their derivatives is performed using the Sherman–Morrison formula for updating the inverse Slater matrix. An improved implementation based on the reduction of the number of column substitutions and on a very efficient implementation of the calculation of the scalar products involved is presented. It is emphasized that multideterminant expansions contain in general a large number of identical spin‐specific determinants: for typical configuration interaction‐type wavefunctions the number of unique spin‐specific determinants ( ) with a non‐negligible weight in the expansion is of order . We show that a careful implementation of the calculation of the N_det ‐dependent contributions can make this step negligible enough so that in practice the algorithm scales as the total number of unique spin‐specific determinants, , over a wide range of total number of determinants (here, N_det up to about one million), thus greatly reducing the total computational cost. Finally, a new truncation scheme for the multideterminant expansion is proposed so that larger expansions can be considered without increasing the computational time. The algorithm is illustrated with all‐electron fixed‐node diffusion Monte Carlo calculations of the total energy of the chlorine atom. Calculations using a trial wavefunction including about 750,000 determinants with a computational increase of ～400 compared to a single‐determinant calculation are shown to be feasible. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Monte Carlo simulation of low–medium energy electrons backscattered from C/Al double layer thin films

The backscattering coefficient of low–medium energy electron beams (from 250 to 10 000 eV) impinging on C/Al double layered thin films was investigated by a Monte Carlo simulation. The aim of the research was to study the behaviour of the backscattering coefficient as a function of the beam primary energy and the thicknesses of the two layers. The backscattering coefficient as a function of the primary energy presents features that can be used to evaluate the thicknesses of the two layers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Calculation of Surface Excitation Parameters by a Monte Carlo Method

Electron inelastic mean free path (IMFP) is an important parameter for surface chemical quantification by surface electron spectroscopy techniques. It can be obtained from analysis of elastic peak electron spectroscopy (EPES) spectra measured on samples and a Monte Carlo simulation method. To obtain IMFP parameters with high accuracy, the surface excitation effect on the measured EPES spectra has to be quantified as a surface excitation parameter (SEP), which can be calculated via a dielectric response theory. However, such calculated SEP does not include influence of elastic scattering of electrons inside samples during their incidence and emission processes, which should not be neglected simply in determining IMFP by an EPES method. In this work a Monte Carlo simulation method is employed to determine surface excitation parameter by taking account of the elastic scattering effect. The simulated SEPs for different primary energies are found to be in good agreement with the experiments particularly for larger incident or emission angles above 60° where the elastic scattering effect plays a more important role than those in smaller incident or emission angles. Based on these new SEPs, the IMFP measurement by EPES technique can provide more accurate data.     

Quantum Monte Carlo calculations for ground and excited states

A brief overview of the diffusion quantum Monte Carlo method is given. We illustrate the application to ground‐state calculations by a study of the relative stability of carbon clusters near the crossover to fullerene stability, thereby determining the smallest stable fullerene. The application to excited states is illustrated via a study of excitonic states in small hydrogenated silicon clusters. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001