有限温度下二维Heisenberg铁磁系统的声子衰减

在二维正方Heisenberg铁磁系统的基础上建立了磁振子-声子相互作用模型. 利用松原格林函数理论研究了系统的声子衰减，计算了布里渊区的主要对称点线上的声子衰减曲线. 发现在第一布里渊区，在Δ线上，横向声频支声子无衰减，在Z线上，纵向声频支声子无衰减；横向声频支声子衰减比纵向声频支声子衰减至少大一个数量级，并讨论了各项参数的变化对横向声频支声子衰减与纵向声频支声子衰减的影响. 根据声子衰减与声子寿命的关系，声子衰减与声子态密度的关系，可以讨论横向声频支声子与纵向声频支声子的寿命与态密度. 关键词： 磁振子-声子相互作用 横向声频支声子衰减 纵向声频支声子衰减 声子寿命     

有限温度下二维Heisenberg铁磁系统的横向声频支声子激发

在二维正方Heisenberg铁磁系统的基础上建立了磁振子-声子相互作用模型.利用Matsubara格林函数理论研究了系统的横向声频支声子激发，计算了布里渊区的主要对称点线上的横向声频支声子色散曲线，发现在第一布里渊区的Σ线上，小波矢区(Γ附近k_xa＜0.2)横向声频支声子有硬化现象，但是在软化区(0.25＜k_xa＜0.7)有横向声频支声子有软化现象，在M附近(0.75＜k_xa)横向声频支声子有硬化现象.在Δ线上没有发生横向声频支声子有软化与硬化现象.在Z线上小波失区(X附近k_xa＜0.65)横向声频支声子有软化现象，但是在M附近横向声频支声子有硬化现象.并且又讨论了各项参数对横向声频支声子激发的影响，发现磁振子-声子耦合与自旋波劲度常数对横向声频支声子软化起很大的作用. 关键词： 磁振子-声子相互作用 横向声频支声子软化 Matsubara格林函数理论 铁磁系统     

低温下二维绝缘铁磁体的磁振子寿命

在二维正方绝缘铁磁系统基础上建立了一个磁振子-声子相互作用模型. 利用格林函数方法研究了磁振子-声子相互作用下的二维绝缘铁磁体的磁振子衰减(即-ImΣ^*(1)(k)), 计算了布里渊区的主要对称点线上的-ImΣ^*(1)(k).发现在布里渊区边界区域磁振子衰减很明显, 但小波矢区(k_xa/π＜0.22附近)磁振子衰减非常弱, 而且温度很低时磁振子衰减有极大值. 比较了纵向声子与横向声子对磁振子衰减的影响, 也讨论了各项参数的变化对磁振子衰减的影响. 根据关系式-Im^*(1)(k)=/(2τ)可以对磁振子寿命进行判断. 关键词： 磁振子-声子相互作用 磁振子衰减 铁磁体 磁振子寿命     

Damping of optical phonons in metals and strongly doped semiconductors

The electron-phonon-induced damping of optical phonons arising in metals and strongly doped semiconductors under laser irradiation is investigated. The damping of both short-wave KV_F > ω₀ and long-wave KV_F < ω₀ optical phonons is calculated; K is the wavevector, ω₀ is the frequency of the optical phonon; V_F is the Fermi velocity. The electron- phonon-induced damping is important if the frequency of the optical phonon is larger than two frequencies of acoustic phonons of all branches in the range of the whole Brillouin zone. The damping of a soft transverse optical phonon in narrow-gap ferroelectric-semiconductors is also defined by the electron-phonon interaction. In other cases the main relaxation process for optical phonons in metals is the decay into two acoustic phonons due to lattice anharmonicity.     

Effect of magnon–phonon interaction on transverse acoustic phonon excitation at finite temperature

A magnon–phonon interaction model is developed on the basis of two-dimensional square Heisenberg ferromagnetic system. By using Matsubara Green function theory transverse acoustic phonon excitation is studied and transverse acoustic phonon excitation dispersion curves is calculated on the main symmetric point and line in the first Brillouin zone. On line Σ it is found that there is hardening for transverse acoustic phonon on small wave vector zone (nearby point Γ), there is softening for transverse acoustic phonon on the softening zone and there is hardening for transverse acoustic phonon near point M. On line Δ it is found there is no softening and hardening for transverse acoustic phonon. On line Z it is found that there is softening for transverse acoustic phonon on small wave vector zone (nearby point X) and there is hardening for transverse acoustic phonon nearby point M. The influences of various parameters on transverse acoustic phonon excitation are also explored and it is found that the coupling of the magnon–phonon and the spin wave stiffness constant play an important role for the softening of transverse acoustic phonon.     

Far-infrared laser spectroscopy of phonon difference band absorption in TlCl

Far-infrared laser radiation is used to study the lattice absorption of a TlCl crystal over a large temperature range. We found a strong absorption band caused by phonon difference processes where longitudinal and transverse acoustic phonons with wave vectors at the Brillouin zone boundary are involved.     

Effect of the local coulomb interaction of strongly correlated electrons on phonon, elastic, and electronic properties of ZnSe crystals

The dispersions and densities of states of phonons in cubic ZnSe crystals have been calculated and the modification of these quantities with inclusion of the local Coulomb interaction U of strongly correlated 3d(Zn) electrons has been investigated. It has been found that the inclusion of U leads to a decrease in the frequencies of optical and longitudinal acoustic phonons and to an increase in the frequencies of transverse acoustic phonons in the entire Brillouin zone. To explain these specific features in the behavior of phonons, the modifications of elastic moduli and electron density of states with inclusion of U have been analyzed.     

Momentum-resolved electron-phonon interaction in lead determined by neutron resonance spin-echo spectroscopy

Neutron resonance spin-echo spectroscopy was used to monitor the temperature evolution of the linewidths of transverse acoustic phonons in lead across the superconducting transition temperature over an extended range of the Brillouin zone. For phonons with energies below the superconducting energy gap, a linewidth reduction of maximum amplitude was observed below . The electron-phonon contribution to the phonon lifetime extracted from these data is in satisfactory overall agreement with ab initio lattice-dynamical calculations, but significant deviations are found.     

Acoustic and optical phonons and their dispersion in model ferroelastics Hg<Subscript>2</Subscript>Cl<Subscript>2</Subscript>

Thefrequency dispersion curve of acoustic and optical phonons are calculated and constructed, and the density of states of the phonon spectrum is obtained for Hg₂Cl₂ crystals. The influence of the hydrostatic pressure on the frequencies of acoustic and optical phonons and their dispersion is analyzed theoretically. It is revealed that an increase in the pressure leads to a considerable softening of the slowest acoustic TA branch (soft mode) at the X point of the Brillouin zone boundary. This behavior is consistent with the phenomenological Landau theory and correlate with experiments.     

Phonons and their dispersion in model ferroelastics Hg2Hal2

Dispersion relations of the acoustic and optical phonon frequencies have been calculated and plotted, and the density of states of the phonon spectrum of Hg₂Cl₂ and Hg₂Br₂ crystals has been derived. The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the frequencies of acoustic and optical phonons and their dispersion has been theoretically analyzed. It has been found that an increase in the pressure leads to a strong softening of the slowest acoustic TA branch (the soft mode) at the X point of the Brillouin zone boundary, which is consistent with the phenomenological Landau theory and correlates with experiment.     

Acoustic properties of the disordered relaxor ferroelectric PbSc1/2Ta1/2O3

The behavior of acoustic phonons in crystals of a relaxor ferroelectric, namely, the lead scandium tantalate PbSc_1/2Ta_1/2O₃ (PST), is studied in the vicinity of the diffuse phase transition. The behavior of longitudinal and transverse acoustic phonons in a PST single crystal is examined using Brillouin scattering. The phonon subsystem is found to behave anomalously in the vicinity of T = 297 K, which can probably be assigned to the existence of a phase transition. Analysis of the results obtained yields the values of the elastic moduli C₁₁, C₁₂, and C₄₄ for the cubic phase of the crystal over a wide temperature range.     

Lifetime of optical phonons in fs-laser excited bismuth

This paper presents experimental and theoretical results on the temperature-dependent optical response of a single crystal of bismuth to excitation by femtosecond laser pulses. We demonstrate that the measured damping rate of the transient reflectivity oscillations relates to the lifetime of optical phonons. The lifetime is the inverse rate of the decay of optical phonons into two acoustic phonons. This lifetime also indicates the approach to the vibration instability (catastrophe) threshold that manifests the beginning of the disordering of a solid crystal and transition to a liquid state. We observe the red shift of phonon frequency, which increases with the rise of the initial lattice temperature. The red shift is different from the previously observed red shift proportional to the electron temperature, and thus to the excitation laser fluence. The coherent phonon excitation process imprinted into the initial change in the reflectivity and the following reflectivity oscillations allowed us to uncover the temporal phonon history preceding the structural transformation of solid Bi.     

Phonons and the electronic gap in FeSi

The partial phonon densities of states of iron atoms in the intermetallic compound FeSi have been measured in the temperature range 46–297 K using nuclear resonant inelastic scattering of synchrotron radiation. A significant phonon softening with increasing temperature has been established. The greatest phonon softening for iron atoms is shown to occur in the region of long-wavelength acoustic phonons, for the acoustic branches near the boundary of the Brillouin zone, and for the low-lying weakly dispersive optical branches. The results obtained are analyzed in terms of the views that relate the change in the phonon density of states of iron atoms to the temperature evolution of the electronic density of state for the compound.     

Optical phonon frequencies and damping in AlAs, GaP, GaAs, InP, InAs and InSb studied by oblique incidence infrared spectroscopy

The transverse (TO) and longitudinal (LO) optical phonons in AlAs, GaP, GaAs, InP, InAs and InSb have been measured at room temperature by infrared spectroscopy using an oblique incidence reflectance method. The spectra obtained were then fitted using a novel approach to determine the TO and LO phonon frequencies and damping. The results obtained are found to be more precise than in earlier reflectivity measurements using near-normal angles of incidence and provide information on the damping of both phonons. Apart from the GaAs LO mode, the observed damping parameters are found to be quite different from those predicted by theory. From these results the Lowndes condition governing the relative magnitudes of the TO and LO phonon line widths is found to be violated for all these zincblende semiconductors.     

Anharmonicity of short-wavelength acoustic phonons in silicon at high temperatures

Second-order Raman spectra corresponding to transverse acoustic phonons are studied in detail for crystalline Si over the temperature range 20–620°C. The largest relative softening and anharmonicity at the boundaries of the Brillouin zone were observed for the TA(X) mode. Extrapolation of the TA(X) frequency to high temperatures suggests that the Si lattice should be dynamically unstable at temperatures on the order of a doubled melting temperature. It is found that the main contribution to the softening of the transverse acoustic phonons in silicon comes from the anharmonicity and not from the volume expansion.     

Phonons in mixed valence systems

The effect of valence changes due to f?d electronic transitions on phonons is studied. A large electronic density of states at the Fermi-energy in the intermediate valence state causes significant softening of the longitudinal acoustic and optic phonons and large phonon line-widths. These phonon renormalizations due to strong electron-lattice coupling are largest for phonon wavevectors q along the (111)-direction and maximal at the zone-boundary for LO modes and nearly half-way towards the zone-boundary in the case of LA mode. The results agree well with recent neutron scattering data on Sm_0.75Y_0.25S.     

Modification of the lattice thermal conductivity in silicon quantum wires due to spatial confinement of acoustic phonons

Lattice thermal conductivity in silicon quantum wires is theoretically investigated. The bulk of heat in silicon structures is carried by acoustic phonons within a small region in the first Brillouin zone. Our formalism rigorously takes into account modification of these acoustic phonon modes and phonon group velocities in free- and clamped-surface wires due to spatial confinement. From our numerical results, we predict a significant decrease (more than an order of magnitude) of the lattice thermal conductivity in cylindrical quantum wires with diameter D =  200 Å. The decrease is about two times stronger in quantum wires than in quantum wells of corresponding dimensions. Our theoretical results are in qualitative agreement with experimentally observed drop of the lattice thermal conductivity in silicon low-dimensional structures.     

Resonant Raman study of LO + acoustic phonon modes in CdSe

In studying resonant Raman scattering in the vicinity of the A and B excitons of CdSe, we have observed three new Raman peaks. Two of the peaks have been identified as two-phonon modes consisting of a longitudinal optical (LO) phonon plus respectively a transverse acoustic (TA) and a longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonon. A theory which involves the scattering of photoexcited B excitons to the A exciton by acoustic phonons via the piezoelectric exciton-phonon interaction was found to explain quantitatively the peak positions, lineshape and resonance enhancements of the observed peaks.     

Brillouin scattering study of methanol at high pressure

Abstract

Brillouin scattering has been used to study methanol as a function of pressure up to 8.4 GPa. Our near-forward-scattering experiments yield the pressure dependence of the velocity of longitudinal acoustic (LA) phonons, while we determine the pressure dependence of the product of the index of refraction and the LA phonon velocity from our backscattering experiments. The pressure dependence of the LA phonon lifetimes is obtained from the linewidth of the measured Brillouin peaks. From our backscattering experiments we find that the normalized phonon attenuation is a decreasing function of pressure.     

Brillouin scattering in the liquid and plastic crystalline phases of CBr4

Temperature dependent measurements of the Brillouin spectrum of CBr₄ through the plastic-liquid transition show no softening of either the longitudinal or transverse acoustic phonon modes but a sharp discontinuity in the longitudinal phonon velocity at this phase transition.