含社会地位的随机内生经济增长模型

本文在考虑产出波动的前提下,将个人的社会地位纳入消费者的效用函数,建立连续时间内的随机内生经济增长模型,利用随机最优化方法,分析随机波动和个人资本存量的变化对经济增长的影响.     

异差性税率、Learning-by-doing和随机经济增长

讨论Learning-by-doing随机经济增长模型,利用随机最优化方法,确定了均衡状态下的消费—财富比、期望经济增长率.讨论了差异性税率、随机扰动和技术积累参数对上述诸要素的影响.     

一个随机开放经济中的财富偏好和财政政策

本文把财富偏好结合进入一个开放经济的随机模型.通过对生产技术、效用函数和随机冲击做了确定的假设,我们得到了许多显式解,包括居民的总消费、期望经济增长率和所有资产的均衡回报;进一步讨论了财政政策和财富偏好怎样影响经济增长和社会福利.     

两国模型中的随机经济增长

本文运用随机最优化的方法 ,在两个国家的经济中建立了一个一般随机均衡模型 .得出了以下的结论 :当γ <0时 ,生产性冲击的增加能够促进经济的增长 ,但是却减少了消费 财富比率 ,当 0 <γ<1时 ,得到相反的结论 ;政府花费的扰动却能够促进经济的增长 ;消费者越看重消费 ,消费 财富比率越大 ,同时经济增长越缓慢 ;并对模型进行了福利分析和得到了世界经济增长率是两个国家经济增长率的线性组合 .     

考虑环境污染的随机经济增长模型

本文主要考虑了环境污染对个体福利的负面效应,把环境污染水平纳入效用函数,由此建立了一个随机经济增长模型.分析了经济均衡时税收,政府环保投资,私人环保投资对经济增长率和社会福利的影响.同时还求出了最优的增长率和个人资本与财富比,消费和财富比.     

公共资本投资的随机内生增长模型

本文假设公共资本是宏观经济的一部分,由此建立一个随机内生增长模型,把公共资本作为宏观经济变量并进入个人效用.分析了经济达均衡时税收,政府投资,个人投资对经济增长率和社会福利的影响.同时还求出子最优的增长率和个人资本与财富比,消费和财富比.     

论一般均衡下经济增长与消费者行为关系

本论文研究具有习惯形成偏好特性的宏观经济模型,讨论一般均衡下经济增长和消费者行为,分析外部习惯和内部习惯同时存在的情况下经济的动态特征和各经济变量的相互关系.本文发现当外部习惯形成影响存在时,经济增长会对储蓄率的变动有正向作用,消费者的自身消费具有负的社会效应.     

资产组合,随机经济增长和政府政策的影响

本文在一个连续时间的经济增长模型中考虑政府政策、投资策略和个体福利 .在给定的生产技术 ,偏好和随机冲击的假设下 ,本文得到了持有资产税后期望回报、随机经济增长率、消费财富比、资产组合份额和各种资产实际回报率的显式解 .     

个体投资治理污染的随机增长模型

本文研究了个体投资治理污染的随机增长模型.利用随机最优化的方法,得出了随机扰动、个体环保投资及环保技术对福利和经济增长的影响.对我国制定环保政策具有一定的积极作用.     

生产性公共开支、贪污和内生经济增长:一种新的考虑

在一个连续时间的随机内生增长模型中,我们扩展讨论了在预防性储蓄存在时,个人贪污和反贪污行为对经济增长的影响.在我们的框架下,只要适当地调整政策参数,可以得到福利最优和增长最快一致的贪污水平.同时,我们分析了个人决策与社会计划者决策下经济增长的关系,得到了一些有意义的结论.     

A Theory of Status-Mediated Inequity Aversion

We introduce a new social utility function which relates inequity aversion to social status, effort, and ability. The basic idea is as follows: Actors do not suffer from inequality but from inequity relative to a fair share that reflects some normative orientation the actors have internalized. In this regard we advocate the rule of proportionality which states that rewards should be proportional to some standard of comparison. We apply this social utility function to various games from non-cooperative and cooperative game theory and interpret the results with respect to the effects of social status on behavioral outcomes.     

群体性突发事件发生机理的多阶段动态博弈模型分析

群体性突发事件成为影响我国社会稳定和实现现代化平稳过渡的重要因素.假设弱势群体的效用函数考虑到公平因素的私人信息;不同时期各社会群体的经济收入是动态变化的;经济地位的差异决定了不同社会阶层的划分;冲突中"有限理性"的社会群体采取前向归纳法形成适应性预期,在此基础上构造了多阶段动态博弈模型,得出了弱势群体采取无条件抗争策略、积极妥协策略和积极抗争策略的约束条件,以及群体性突发事件的两种发生机理.除了弱势社会群体对社会分配体制造成的经济收入差距的敏感程度,社会体制(博弈结构)决定的各社会群体采取不同策略的预期收益以外,弱势群体的收益增长情况是影响群体性突发事件产生根源的另一个重要因素.     

中国农民收入水平、受教育程度及其社会地位的实证研究

“三农”问题是我国相当长阶段内的社会问题,而所有的问题中最突出的是人的问题,即农民问题。本文主要通过四个部分对中国农民的收入水平、受教育程度及其社会地位进行了实证研究。在找出各种影响因素之后,通过建立经济学模型深入研究各个因素对农民收入水平、受教育程度的贡献大小,进而分析了农民社会地位的影响因素,最后对所得结论逐一分析探讨,提出了解决农民问题的一些途径。     

STATUS DIFFERENTIATION AND THE COHESION OF SOCIAL NETWORKS

This article examines the effects of status differentiation on the cohesion of a social structure. Using a formal model, we simulate the fates of a hypothetical cohort of newly hired employees, who are equals in the eyes of their boss and in the nascent stages of sorting into a status hierarchy. We cast these employees in a process in which they exert effort, receive public approval from the boss in exchange, and thus come to fill different places in a status order. We then consider the circumstances under which these workers cohere as a group and when, by contrast, differentiation makes cohesion among them unlikely. Our results show that the extent of the boss's autonomy in relationship to employees accounts for this difference in outcomes. Under an autonomous boss, as differentiation transpires, status-based social forces break the group of workers apart. Conversely, when the boss occupies a compromised position, group-level cohesion coexists with differentiation. Our main contribution is the intuition that the cohesion-related consequences of status differentiation can substantially depend on the tie between contestants and their external audience. We conclude by developing conjectures for empirical research consistent with our main findings.     

Ethnic Preferences,Social Distance Dynamics,and Residential Segregation: Theoretical Explorations Using Simulation Analysis∗

In this paper I consider theories of residential segregation that emphasize social distance and ethnic preference dynamics. I argue that these theories are more compelling than many critics have supposed, and I conclude that they deserve to be considered more carefully. I then use simulation methodology to assess the potential impact of social distance and ethnic preference dynamics on ethnic segregation under certain theoretically interesting conditions. Based on the results from the simulation analyses, I offer three conclusions: (1) status preferences and status dynamics have the capacity to produce high levels of status segregation but do not produce high levels of ethnic segregation under the specified simulation conditions; (2) ethnic preferences can, under certain theoretically interesting conditions specified in these simulations, produce high levels of ethnic segregation in the absence of housing discrimination; and (3) ethnic preferences and social distance dynamics can, when combined with status preferences, status dynamics, and demographic and urban-structural settings common in American cities, produce highly stable patterns of multi-group segregation and hyper-segregation (i.e., high levels of ethnic segregation on multiple dimensions) of minority populations. Based on these model-based theoretical explorations I speculate that the persistence of segregation in recent decades may have been overdetermined, that is, it may have been sustained by multiple sufficient causes including not only discrimination, but also social distance and preference dynamics. This raises the possibility that reductions in housing discrimination may not necessarily lead to large declines in ethnic segregation in the short run because social distance and preference dynamics may be able to sustain ethnic segregation at surprisingly high levels in the absence of housing discrimination.     

The spirit of capitalism,non-expected utility and asset pricing

0Intr0ducti0nAferEpsteinandZin(1989,199l)andWeil(1990),n0n-expectedutilitypreferences0ftenaPpwinassetpricingthe0ryinsteadofc0nventi0naltime-allitive,expectedutilityAnattrec-tivefeature0fthisgeneralisedspecificationisthatintertemp0ralsubStitutinnandriskaversioucanbepartiallydisentangled,incontr8ttothec0nventi0nalcaseofanadditiveandhomthgeneousVonNeumann-MorgellsternintertemPoralutilityfuncti0n,inwhichtheelasticityofsub8titutionandthec0efficielltofrelativeriskaversionarec0nstrainedtoberecipr0…     

长沙市老龄人口生活质量分析

按照人口基本特征、物质生活水平、精神生活、健康状况、社会环境与家庭生活分析了长沙市老龄人口生活特征,并从中选取10个代表性指标,采用因子分析的方法分析了各个因子方差贡献率的大小,得到了影响长沙市老龄人口生活质量的主要指标为:精神生活、物质生活水平、健康状况、文化程度与家庭生活.     

An information‐combining model for expectation states theory: Derivation and tests

Our status‐related behavior toward others is a function of the characteristics we perceive them to possess. Expectation states theory specifies the nature of the relationship between social characteristics and behavior, but until recently was limited to situations in which only one characteristic is perceived. This paper adds to the theory additional general assumptions from which an information‐combining model is derived. This model specifies status‐related behavior in multiple characteristic situations and other circumstances beyond the original scope of the theory. Comparisons of the model with other formulations provide excellent support.     

家庭的社会特征对住房市场需求的影响研究

为分析家庭的社会特征对住房市场需求的作用及影响程度,本文以2006年大连市居民住房现状及需求调查数据为基础,依照利用分类回归树(CRT)方法对家庭社会阶层的划分结果,对大连市住房需求市场进行了市场细分,并比较了各细分市场的住房现状及住房需求的差异.实证分析的结果表明,处于不同社会阶层的家庭,其住房现状和对住房的需求率均有所差异:低收入阶层的家庭,其现住房的条件相对较差,对现住房的满意程度相对较低,不过由于受支付能力的限制,其购房需求率并不高.