The uptake of natural radioactivity by pasture-grass collected from seven different grasslands of Digor was calculated. The activities of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in pasture-grass were in the range of 21.8 ± 6.3–49.6 ± 13.4, 51.9 ± 13.2–127.7 ± 23.8 and 309.5 ± 33.5–807.3 ± 64.4 Bq kg−1, respectively. The soil to pasture-grass transfer factors were evaluated and determined to be in the range from 0.26 ± 0.13 to 0.69 ± 0.34, 0.64 ± 0.27 to 1.99 ± 0.40 and 0.64 ± 0.014 to 1.40 ± 0.032 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. The distribution of 226Ra and 232Th in different parts of pasture-grass indicated a decreasing tendency in order of root > stem > leaf. 40K mainly accumulated in stem of pasture-grass and is followed by declining trend stem > leaf > root.
相似文献Controlling the conditions of the oxygen partial pressure and temperature to prepare the WO2.72 (W18O49) via reduction was possible through thermodynamic consideration. WO2.72 was synthesized via heating to 1073 K in 5% H2–95% Ar mixture gas flow from ammonium tungstate which was prepared by hydrothermal process. With the reducing prolonging time, the products were changed from WO2.72 to WO2 and then metal W. Thermogravimetric (TG) analysis showed ammonium tungstate decomposed completely to WO3 at 773 K. Isothermal reductions using TG analysis were carried out at 905 K, 925 K, 945 K and 973 K in 5% H2–95% Ar mixture gas flow, respectively. The whole reduction from WO3 to WO2.72 divided into three parts: initial nucleation and growth stage, final interfacial reaction stage and intermediate stage, was controlled jointly by both mechanisms. Fitting results showed that the initial stage obey the one-dimensional Avrami–Erofeev equation, the apparent activation energy was 132.7 ± 1.1 kJ mol−1 and the pre-exponent factor was 4.82 × 105 min−1; the final stage expressed by 2-dimensional interfacial reaction, the apparent activation energy was 144.0 ± 2.1 kJ mol−1 and the pre-exponent factor was 3.20 × 105 min−1.
相似文献In this work, two newly sensitive and selective Al(III)-modified carbon paste electrodes (MCPEs) were developed based on diphenylcarbazone (DPC) modifier mixed with tricresyl phosphate plasticizer and either graphite powder (electrode I) or graphite powder mixed with graphene (electrode II). The potentiometric performance characteristics of the two electrodes were scrutinized and discussed. The proposed sensors showed a high electrochemical response in the linear concentration range of 1.0 × 10−6 to 1.0 × 10−2 mol L−1 with a good Nernstian slopes of 20.12 ± 0.30 mV decade−1 and 20.63 ± 0.66 mV decade−1 and limits of detection of 9.0 × 10−7 and 8.5 × 10−7 mol L−1 for electrode (I) and electrode (II), respectively. Both electrodes showed a fast response time and reasonable thermal stability. The potentiometric response of the DPC-based electrodes was independent on the pH of the tested solutions in ranges of 2.5–5 and 2.5–5.5 for electrode (I) and electrode (II), respectively. The two electrodes can be also used in partially non-aqueous medium containing up to 20% (v/v) acetone or methanol with no significant changes in the working concentration ranges or the slopes. The proposed electrodes showed fairly good discriminating ability toward Al(III) ions in comparison with many other metal ions. The electrodes were applied successfully for Al(III) ions determination in drainage water, spiked tap water and pharmaceutical preparation samples. Furthermore, the electrode surfaces were characterized using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) as surface characterization techniques and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) technique to confirm the interaction between Al(III) and DPC.
相似文献A novel high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) analytical method has been developed and optimized for the quantification of quetiapine fumarate (QF) and its two genotoxic impurities in drug substance and drug product. The desired separation was achieved on 60F254 pre-coated HPTLC plates using combination of green solvents, ethyl acetate‒ethanol‒n-heptane (5:1:4, V/V) as developing solvents. The detection wavelength used for quantification was 229 nm. QF and its two related genotoxic impurities, namely, 2-chloroaniline and 2-aminodiphenylsulfide, were well resolved from one another with retention factor values of 0.13 ± 0.02, 0.57 ± 0.02 and 0.76 ± 0.02, respectively. The optimized method was validated according to the guidelines laid down by the International Council for Harmonisation. The linearity was determined in the range of 100–600 ng/spot for QF and 10‒60 ng/spot for its two related genotoxic impurities; R2 ≥ 0.993. The method exhibited precision along with good accuracy, where 0.51, 0.86 and 1.86. The percentage recoveries obtained for 2-chloroaniline and 2-aminodiphenylsulfide were 99.04‒101.04%. The developed method can be successfully used for the analysis of drug samples.
相似文献We report here a novel approach for the extraction and analysis of thyroid hormones (TH) and their metabolites (THM) from human serum samples. Our method features a compact, 96-well micro-titre plate-based pre-analytic extraction/clean-up workflow combined with an isotope dilution LC-MS/MS-MS3 analytical method. In particular, these features make possible the detection of iodothyronines at their endogenous concentrations in serum differing by a factor of ca. 104, with potential to semi-automate the pre-analytics. The method was validated by the assessment of linearity, lower limits of quantification and detection (LLOQ and LLOD respectively), intra- and inter-day accuracy, precision, process efficiency (PE), matrix effect (ME) and relative recovery (RE). Calibration curves were linear in the concentration range in sample matrix from 0.1–250 nM for T3, rT3, T4 and 3-T1AM and from 0.005–1 nM for 3,5-T2 and 3,3′-T2. Using a 200-μL sample volume, the analyte dependant LLOQ were in the range 0.005 (3,5-T2) to 0.25 (T4) nM and LLOD were between 0.002 (3,5-T2) and 0.052 nM (T4). We applied the LC-MS/MS-MS3 method to the analysis of a cross section of patients with disorders of the thyroid hormone axis. T4, T3 and rT3 concentrations (± standard deviation) were 120 ± 18, 1.9 ± 0.4 and 0.45 ± 0.09 nM respectively. 3,3′-T2 concentrations (± standard deviation) were 0.079 ± 0.022 nM; 3,5-T2 concentrations were below the LLOQ and/or LLOD in all but a single sample (0.013 nM). This method expands the analytical spectrum to endogenous thyroid hormone metabolites such as 3,5-T2 which exert biological actions and rT3 which may act as surrogate markers for disturbed thyroid hormone metabolism.
Graphical abstract
Isothermal and dynamic differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was exploited to study the curing behavior of diglycidyl ether bisphenol-A epoxy resin with various combining ratios of dicyandiamide (DICY) and nadic methyl anhydride (NMA). Curves of prepared samples indicated that the enthalpy of the reaction decreased with increasing the molar ratios (NMA/DICY) up to 40% after which an exothermic peak peculiar to the effect of anhydride appeared at a higher temperature. The curing behavior examination of the samples containing the aforementioned molar ratio of NMA/DICY (= 40%) was carried out using isothermal condition at different temperatures (130–145 °C) and dynamic condition DSC at various heating rates (2.5–20 °C min−1). Under the isothermal condition, by constructing a master curve, the values of activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (A) were calculated 89.3 kJ mol−1 and 1.2 × 10+9 s−1, respectively. The activation energy of the curing reactions in a dynamic mode was obtained 85.32 kJ mol−1 and 88.02 kJ mol−1 using Kissinger and Ozawa methods, respectively. Likewise, pre-exponential factors were also calculated 3.35 × 10+8 and 7.4 × 10 +8 s−1, respectively. The overall order of reaction for both conditions was found to be a value around 3.
相似文献Two validated, simple and precise densitometric high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) quantification methods were proposed for both qualitative and quantitative estimation of oleuropein in Olea europaea leaves and a pharmaceutical product utilizing normal-phase and reversed-phase silica gel TLC plates. In method I, 10 × 20 cm glass plates coated with 0.2 mm thin layers of normal-phase silica gel 60 containing F254 (E-Merck, Germany) and a mixture of ethyl acetate‒methanol‒water (8:1:0.5, V/V) were used as the stationary and the mobile phase, respectively. Method II utilized 10 × 20 cm glass-backed plates supporting 0.2 mm layers of RP-18 silica gel 60 containing F254 (E-Merck, Germany) as the stationary phase and green solvents mixture composed of ethanol‒water (5.5:4.5, V/V) as the mobile phase. The two methods resulted in sharp, symmetrical, well-resolved peaks at RF values of 0.47 ± 0.02 and 0.78 ± 0.03 with linearity ranges 200‒1400 ng/spot (r2 = 0.9994) and 200‒1400 ng/spot (r2 = 0.9996) for method I and method II, respectively. Spots corresponding to oleuropein were scanned at 200 nm. The two methods complied with the ICH guidelines for validation. Due to simplicity, low cost and short analysis time, the methods can be good alternatives for the quality control of different products containing olive leaves extract or pure oleuropein.
相似文献Activity concentration and mineralogical characterization in the intertidal sand samples of Tamilnadu coast, India have been analyzed. From the gamma spectral analysis, the average value of 238U, 232Th and 40K in the intertidal sand samples are 12 ± 4, 59 ± 4 and 197 ± 26 Bq kg−1 respectively. The average value of 232Th alone is slightly higher than the world average value. From XRD and FTIR analysis, monazite, zircon, ilmenite, magnetite, hematite, quartz, witherite, calcite, nacrite, microcline feldspar, orthoclase feldspar, gibbsite and organic carbon are identified. Of these minerals, monazite and microcline feldspar are the most associated with the presence of 232Th and 40K respectively.
相似文献Four types of undisturbed soils around the Es-Salam reactor (Algeria) were used to evaluate the sorption behavior of strontium. The batch study was carried out under different experimental conditions. The kinetics were well fited by pseudosecond order model. Soils’s activation energies were 12.37, 14.76, 15.5 and 16.17 kJ mol−1, corresponding to ion-exchange-type sorption. Sorption was exothermic (ΔH° < 0), spontaneous (ΔG° < 0) and favorable at low temperature. Competing cations, particularly Ca2+ reduce the Sr adsorption. Desorption reaction showed a higher value of Sr in the easily extractible phase indicating a relative availability of the element.
相似文献Calcium vanadates Ca5Mg4−xZnx(VO4)6 (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) have been studied for the first time using a set of high-temperature methods of analysis. The onset of melting process determined from differential scanning calorimetry decreases from 1158 to 881 °C (± 1.5 °C) with increasing of x (dopant’s content). CTE temperature dependence is found to show a hysteresis. Electrical transport properties measured by impedance spectroscopy in air of different humidity are also discussed. The value of electrical conductivity does not depend on air humidity. It is found to equal to 1.5 × 10−6 S cm−1 at 720 °C for Ca5Mg4(VO4)6 which is specific for garnet-related crystals.
相似文献Highly sensitive nondestructive HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry was used for the analysis of the cosmogenic (26Al) and primordial (40K, 238U, and 232Th) radionuclides in the Oued Awlitis 001 and Galb Inal lunar meteorites. The measured 26Al activities were very different (84.0?±?4.8 dpm/kg vs. 8.4?±?1.2 dpm/kg, respectively), mainly because of different cosmic-ray exposure ages of the investigated meteorites. The pre-atmospheric radii were 5?±?1 cm and 11?±?2 cm, respectively, which would result in total pre-atmospheric masses in the range of 0.7–2.5 kg and 7–23 kg, respectively.
相似文献Radioactivity measurements were performed, at the east (Georgia) and west (Romania) part of the Black Sea, for natural radionuclides and 137Cs in collected water and sediment samples using lab-based and in situ gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity concentrations of 137Cs at Georgian area in the sediment and seawater ranged between 20 to 50 Bq kg−1 and 8 to 25 Bq m−3, respectively while at the Romanian area the activity concentration ranged from 10 to 30 Bq kg−1 and 3 to 15 Bq m−3, respectively. The activity concentration values of 7Be at the Georgian area reached values up to (30 ± 4) Bq kg−1. The induced dose rates to marine organisms in both areas estimated by the ERICA assessment tool were much lower than the screening value of 10 μGy h−1.
相似文献A grade TSX graphite was irradiated by a 2.5 MeV proton and a dose of 1.47 × 1018 ion cm−2 at 330 K. The displacement per atom under this irradiation condition was about 0.02. The lattice parameter, crystallite size and the vacancies density in the graphite was measured before and after irradiation. It was found that the proton irradiation led to an increase in the volume of the sample. The volume change in the irradiated sample was confirmed by atomic force and scanning electron microscopes observations as increased roughness and pore size. Also, FTIR results showed that graphite is slightly oxidized by irradiation.
相似文献Concentrations of radon in drinking water collected from 32 locations of Hemavathi river basin, Karnataka, India have been measured by emanometry method. The radon concentration in water ranged from 2.7 ± 0.1 to 138.5 ± 1.5 Bq l−1 with a geometrical mean of 25.3 ± 1.1 Bq l−1. The study revealed that about 82.35% of drinking water samples contained radon concentration more than 11.1 Bq l−1, the limit is fixed by Environmental Protection Agency. Among the different parameters measured, concentration of radon showed weak correlation with chloride and no correlation with alkalinity, pH, nitrate, sulphate, fluoride and total dissolved substance.
相似文献A sensitive, reliable and rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the determination of arctiin and arctigenin in Arctium tomentosum Mill. was established. A. tomentosum Mill. extract was used for chromatographic analysis. The ratio of chloroform and methanol was 48:5 as mobile phase. Temperature is 20–23 °C and humidity is less than 30%. The scanning wavelength is 280 nm. The results showed that arctiin had a good linear relationship in the range of 0.5315–5.8465 μg, r = 0.9982; arctigenin had a good linear relationship in the range of 0.5654–6.2194 μg, r = 0.9951. Precision analysis showed that the RSD < 3.0%. The stability study showed that the sample was stable within 24 h at room temperature, RSD < 2.0%. The average recoveries were 103.07 ± 1.57% and 98.55 ± 2.71%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of Arctium tomentosum Mill. was also identified. The results showed that the antioxidant component identified by thin-layer chromatography–1, 1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (TLC-DPPH) was arctigenin not arctiin. The proposed HPTLC is a simple and accurate method for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of arctiin and arctigenin in Arctium tomentosum Mill. from different areas.
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