稀土元素对ZrO2-M2O3/MCM-41(M=La,Ce,Sm,Gd)氢转移催化活性的影响

通过浸渍法制备了5%ZrO₂/MCM-41、5%ZrO₂-5%M₂O₃/MCM-41(M=La,Ce,Sm,Gd)催化剂,考察其在苯乙酮氢转移还原生成-苯乙醇反应中的催化活性,同时对样品进行XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、吡啶吸附原位红外等表征分析,研究添加稀土金属氧化物对催化剂活性的影响机理。结果表明:ZrO₂及稀土金属氧化物均以无定型态或粒度低于XRD检测限的细小晶粒较好地分散在MCM-41介孔分子筛内表面;加入稀土金属氧化物对ZrO₂/MCM-41的催化活性有较大影响,催化活性按5%ZrO₂-5%La₂O₃/MCM-41>5%ZrO₂-5%Sm₂O₃/MCM-41>5%ZrO₂-5%Gd₂O₃/MCM-41>5%ZrO₂/MCM-41>5%ZrO₂-5%Ce₂O₃/MCM-41降低。这一方面归因于加入稀土金属氧化物增强了催化剂表面Zr-OH、L酸中心及B酸中心的酸性,另一方面归因于La₂O₃的加入使催化剂表面酸中心数目明显提高,Sm₂O₃、Gd₂O₃的加入使催化剂表面酸中心数目有所降低,而加入Ce₂O₃使催化剂表面酸中心数目显著减少。     

负载型ZrO_2催化苯甲醛Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley反应中的载体效应(英文)

采用浸渍法制备了Si-MCM-41和Al-MCM-41(Si/Al=50)介孔分子筛,SiO2,γ-Al2O3及MgO等负载的ZrO2催化剂,考察了其在以异丙醇为氢源苯甲醛Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley(MPV)还原反应中的催化活性,并与纯ZrO2的催化活性进行对比.同时,采用X射线衍射、N2吸脱附法、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和吡啶原位吸附红外光谱等手段表征了催化剂.结果表明,ZrO2负载于Si-MCM-41,Al-MCM-41和SiO2后,催化活性明显提高,这归因于ZrO2与载体间存在强相互作用形成ZrOSi键,使催化剂表面ZrOH数量显著增多,Lewis酸中心强度增强,并出现Brnsted酸中心,三种催化剂的活性高低次序是5%ZrO2/Si-MCM-415%ZrO2/Al-MCM-415%ZrO2/SiO2.而5%ZrO2/Al2O3和5%ZrO2/MgO基本无催化活性,可归因为ZrO2与γ-Al2O3的弱相互作用使5%ZrO2/Al2O3的酸性与γ-Al2O3类似,ZrO2与MgO的强相互作用使5%ZrO2/MgO基本无酸性.     

负载型ZrO2催化苯甲醛Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley反应中的载体效应（英文）

采用浸渍法制备了Si-MCM-41和Al-MCM-41(Si/Al=50)介孔分子筛,SiO2,γ-Al2O3及MgO等负载的ZrO2催化剂,考察了其在以异丙醇为氢源苯甲醛Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley(MPV)还原反应中的催化活性,并与纯ZrO2的催化活性进行对比.同时,采用X射线衍射、N2吸脱附法、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和吡啶原位吸附红外光谱等手段表征了催化剂.结果表明,ZrO2负载于Si-MCM-41,Al-MCM-41和SiO2后,催化活性明显提高,这归因于ZrO2与载体间存在强相互作用形成ZrOSi键,使催化剂表面ZrOH数量显著增多,Lewis酸中心强度增强,并出现Brnsted酸中心,三种催化剂的活性高低次序是5%ZrO2/Si-MCM-41>5%ZrO2/Al-MCM-41>5%ZrO2/SiO2.而5%ZrO2/Al2O3和5%ZrO2/MgO基本无催化活性,可归因为ZrO2与γ-Al2O3的弱相互作用使5%ZrO2/Al2O3的酸性与γ-Al2O3类似,ZrO2与MgO的强相互作用使5%ZrO2/MgO基本无酸性.     

稀土金属氧化物对Pd/δ,θ-Al2O3催化蒽醌氢化制H2O2性能的影响

 采用湿浸法制备了用于蒽醌氢化制过氧化氢的系列氢化催化剂. 考察了不同稀土金属(La, Ce,Pr,Nd和Sm)氧化物对Pd/δ,θ-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响. 采用XRD,H2-O2滴定和N2物理吸附等技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,适量稀土金属氧化物的加入能抑制高温处理时Al2O3晶粒的增长,增大催化剂比表面积,提高金属Pd的分散度,从而提高催化剂的氢化活性. 稀土金属氧化物对Pd/δ,θ-Al2O3催化性能的影响顺序为La＞Nd＞Pr＞Sm＞Ce.     

苯乙酮氢转移反应中ZrO2/MCM-41和ZrO2/AC的催化性能对比

采用浸渍法制备了分别以活性炭(AC)和全硅MCM-41介孔分子筛负载的ZrO2催化剂,并对其进行了XRD、氮气吸附-脱附、X射线光电子能谱、差热-热重分析和吡啶吸附原位红外光谱等表征,考察了其在以异丙醇为氢源还原苯乙酮为α-苯乙醇的Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley(MPV)反应中的催化活性,并与水合ZrO2进行对比.研究了载体对催化剂活性的影响.结果表明,ZrO2经MCM-41负载后,与载体发生强相互作用,可能形成Si—O—Zr键,ZrO2在载体表面呈高分散的无定形态,Zr—OH数目显著增加,L酸性增强,并形成B酸中心,使催化剂活性显著高于水合ZrO2;ZrO2负载在AC上后,与载体未发生强相互作用,ZrO2在载体表面未呈高分散状态,增加的Zr—OH数目相对较少,L酸性较弱,未形成B酸中心,催化活性未明显增加,但在较高焙烧温度(400～600℃)下,其仍能保持稳定的催化活性,这可归因于ZrO2/AC中AC孔道疏通及AC石墨层对苯乙酮上苯环的吸附作用,使活性位附近的反应底物浓度显著增大.     

稀土掺杂改性对Cu/ZnAl水滑石衍生催化剂甲醇水蒸气重整制氢性能的影响

采用原位合成法在γ-Al_2O_3表面合成了锌铝水滑石,再通过顺次浸渍法制备了一系列掺杂稀土改性的M(M=Y、La、Ce、Sm、Gd)/Cu/Zn Al催化材料,并将其应用于甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应。探讨了稀土掺杂改性对Cu/Zn Al催化剂催化性能的影响,并采用XRD、SEM-EDS、BET、H2-TPR、XPS和N2O滴定等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂的活性与Cu比表面积和催化剂的还原性质密切相关,Cu比表面积越大,还原温度越低,催化活性越高。稀土Ce、Sm、Gd的引入能改善活性组分Cu的分散度、Cu比表面积以及催化剂的还原性质,进而提高催化剂的催化活性。其中,Ce/Cu/Zn Al催化剂表现出最佳的催化活性,在反应温度为250℃时,甲醇转化率达到100%,CO含量为0.39%,相比Cu/Zn Al催化剂,甲醇转化率提高了近40%。     

稀土氧化物掺杂对SO4^2-／ZrO2／Al2O3催化剂催化性能的影响

采用浸溃-沉淀法在具有较大比表面积的Al2O3上直接合成纳米ZrO2制备负载型纳米ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体,并将氧化钪、氧化钕、氧化错等稀土氧化物(RExOy)分别掺杂到负载型纳米ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体中以改善ZrO2的表面性能.同时以此复合载体负载SO42-制备SO42-/RExOy-ZrO2/Al2O3催化剂.运用XRD,BET,NH3-TPD,原位红外等技术与方法对催化剂的晶相结构、比表面积、孔径分布、酸中心种类等进行表征,并以α-蒎烯异构化反应为探针考察了催化剂的催化性能.结果表明,掺杂的稀土氧化物没有改变ZrO2的晶相结构,但ZrO2粒度有所减小,催化剂的比表面积增加,同时稀土氧化物的存在还会改变催化剂表面SO42-的配位方式,提高表面酸中心数和酸强度,增强催化剂的活性.催化剂的孔结构对选择性有较大的影响.     

固体强酸催化剂S2O2-8/ZrO2-Al2O3-M2O3(M=Cr,Ce,La)的制备

酯化反应;固体强酸催化剂S2O2-8/ZrO2-Al2O3-M2O3(M=Cr;Ce;La)的制备     

稀土氧化物的掺杂量对SO42-/ZrO2/Al2O3催化剂催化性能的影响

采用浸渍-沉淀法制备负载型纳米ZrO2/Al2O3,复合载体,并将不同量的氧化钕、氧化镨掺杂到负载型纳米ZrO2/Al2O3复合载体中以调变ZrO2的表面性能.同时以此复合载体负载SO42-制备SO42-/REXOY-ZrO2/Al2O3催化剂.运用XHD、BET、NH3-TPD、原位红外技术对催化剂的晶相结构、比表面积、孔径分布、酸中心种类等进行表征,并以α-蒎烯异构化为探针反应考察了催化剂的活性.结果表明,适量的稀土掺杂会增加催化剂的比表面积,降低ZrO2的粒径,从而增加催化剂表面SO42-的配位吸附量,提高表面酸中心数和酸强度,增强催化剂的活性.     

稀土掺杂改性对Cu/ZnAl水滑石衍生催化剂甲醇水蒸气重整制氢性能的影响

采用原位合成法在γ-Al₂O₃表面合成了锌铝水滑石,再通过顺次浸渍法制备了一系列掺杂稀土改性的M（M=Y、La、Ce、Sm、Gd）/Cu/ZnAl催化材料,并将其应用于甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应。探讨了稀土掺杂改性对Cu/ZnAl催化剂催化性能的影响,并采用XRD、SEM-EDS、BET、H₂-TPR、XPS和N₂O滴定等手段对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂的活性与Cu比表面积和催化剂的还原性质密切相关,Cu比表面积越大,还原温度越低,催化活性越高。稀土Ce、Sm、Gd的引入能改善活性组分Cu的分散度、Cu比表面积以及催化剂的还原性质,进而提高催化剂的催化活性。其中,Ce/Cu/ZnAl催化剂表现出最佳的催化活性,在反应温度为250 ℃时,甲醇转化率达到100%,CO含量为0.39%,相比Cu/ZnAl催化剂,甲醇转化率提高了近40%。     

Zur Trennung von H2, O2, N2, NO, CO, N2O, CO2, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, NO2(N2O4) und Feuchtigkeit

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Syntheses, structures, optical properties, and theoretical calculations of Cs2Bi2ZnS5, Cs2Bi2CdS5, and Cs2Bi2MnS5

Three new compounds, Cs₂Bi₂ZnS₅, Cs₂Bi₂CdS₅, and Cs₂Bi₂MnS₅, have been synthesized from the respective elements and a reactive flux Cs₂S₃ at 973 K. The compounds are isostructural and crystallize in a new structure type in space group Pnma of the orthorhombic system with four formula units in cells of dimensions at 153 K of a=15.763(3), b=4.0965(9), c=18.197(4) Å, V=1175.0(4) Å³ for Cs₂Bi₂ZnS₅; a=15.817(2), b=4.1782(6), c=18.473(3)  Å, V=1220.8(3)  ų for Cs₂Bi₂CdS₅; and a=15.830(2), b=4.1515(5), c=18.372(2) Å, V=1207.4(2) Å³ for Cs₂Bi₂MnS₅. The structure is composed of two-dimensional _∞²[Bi₂MS₅²⁻] (M=Zn, Cd, Mn) layers that stack perpendicular to the [100] axis and are separated by Cs⁺ cations. The layers consist of edge-sharing _∞¹[Bi₂S₆⁶⁻] and _∞¹[MS₃⁴⁻] chains built from BiS₆ octahedral and MS₄ tetrahedral units. Two crystallographically unique Cs atoms are coordinated to S atoms in octahedral and monocapped trigonal prismatic environments. The structure of Cs₂Bi₂MS₅, is related to that of Na₂ZrCu₂S₄ and those of the AMM′Q₃ materials (A=alkali metal, M=rare-earth or Group 4 element, M′= Group 11 or 12 element, Q=chalcogen). First-principles theoretical calculations indicate that Cs₂Bi₂ZnS₅ and Cs₂Bi₂CdS₅ are semiconductors with indirect band gaps of 1.85 and 1.75 eV, respectively. The experimental band gap for Cs₂Bi₂CdS₅ is ≈1.7 eV, as derived from its optical absorption spectrum.     

The geometry, vibrational frequencies, thermochemistry, quadrupole moments and electronic structure of C2Na2: Comparison with C2Li2, C2H2, C2F2 and C2Cl2

The electronic structure of Na₂C₂ is studied using ab initio electronic structure methods and is compared to the companion molecule Li₂C₂. Both the linear D_∞h and planar structures are minima on the ground state potential surface with the planar D_2h conformation being the lowest energy form, similar to Li₂C₂. At the CCSD(t) level the planar form is more stable that the linear by 11.2 kcal/mol as compared with 7.34 kcal/mol for Li₂C₂. Both molecules are significantly ionic. The vibrational frequencies, atomization energy at 0 K, D₀, and the standard enthalpy of formation, are calculated and compared to those of Li₂C₂ as well as HCCH, FCCF and ClCCCl. We find D₀ and to be 331.1 and 84.92 kcal/mol for Li₂C₂ and 298.3 and 93.25 kcal/mol for Na₂C₂. We calibrate these by calculating the same quantities for HCCH, FCCF and ClCCCl.     

KCl-KBO2-K2CO3, K2MoO4-KBO2-K2CO3, and K2WO4-KBO2-K2CO3 ternary systems

phase diagrams of KCl-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, K₂MoO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, and K₂WO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined to be E ₁: 622°C, 8.5 mol % KBO₂, 56.5 mol % KCl, and 35 mol % K₂CO₃; E ₂: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂MoO₄; E ₃: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂WO₄. The specific heats of melting of the eutectics were determined.     

NaBO2-NaCl-Na2CO3, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaMoO4, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaWO4, and NaBO2-NaCl-Na2WO4 ternary systems

The phase diagrams of the NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂CO₃, NaBO₂-Na₂CO₃-Na₂MoO₄, NaBO₂- Na₂CO₃-Na₂WO₄, and NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂WO₄ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis. The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined: E ₁: 612°C, 16 mol % NaBO₂, 42 mol % NaCl, and 42 mol % Na₂CO₃; E ₂: 568°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 28 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 60 mol % Na₂MoO₄; E ₃: 575°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 32 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 56 mol % Na₂WO₄; E ₄: 628°C, 8 mol % NaBO₂, 20 mol % NaCl, and 72 mol % Na₂WO₄; and E ₅: 655°C, 9 mol % NaBO₂, 53 mol % NaCl, and 38 mol % Na₂WO₄.     

Intermolecular forces for D2, N2, O2, F2 and CO2

The intermolecular potentials for D₂, N₂, O₂, F₂ and CO₂ are determined on the basis of the second virial coeffincients, the polarizabilities parallel and perpendicular to the molecular axes, and the electric quadrupole moment. The repulsive parts of the potentials are taken from the corresponding Kihara core-potentials. Effects of the octopolar induction are taken into consideration in a unique way. The potential depends on relative orientations of the two molecules as well as the distance r between the molecular centers. This dependence is shown in graphs. A measure of the anisotropy of the potential depth is 0.72 for CO₂ 0.36 for D₂, and smaller than 0.27 for N₂ O₂ and F₂. The remarkable anisotropy for CO₂ and D₂ is due to strong electrostatic quadrupole interactions.     

Slow energy transfer between vibrational models of CH2Cl2, CD2Cl2, CH2ClBr and CH2Br2

Inefficient vibrational energy exchange between the lowest vibrational mode and the higher lying vibrational modes of CH₂Cl₂, CD₂Cl₂, CH₂ClBr and CH₂Br₂ was investigated by ultrasonic absorption experiments. Breathing sphere theory is used to interpret the data available for VV and VR, T transfer in methylene halides.     

Ionization gauge sensitivities of N2, O2, N2O, NO, NO2, NH3, CClF3 and CH3OH

A Bayard-Alpert (BA) gauge was used to determine apparent relative sensitivites S_rel,X for O₂, N₂O, NO, NO₂, NH₃, CClF₃ and CH₃OH from gauge calibration measurements in the range 1.3×10^–1 Pap1.3·10^–3Pa. Nitrogen was used as a calibration standard.     

Zur colorimetrischen Bestimmung von HNO2, H2N2O2, NH2OH und NH4OH nebeneinander

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Magnetic properties of Fe2P-type Tb6FeTe2, Tb6CoTe2, Tb6NiTe2 and Er6FeTe2 compounds

The magnetic ordering of the Fe₂P-type Tb₆FeTe₂, Tb₆CoTe₂ Tb₆NiTe₂ and Er₆FeTe₂ phases (space group P6¯2m) has been investigated through magnetization measurement and neutron powder diffraction. Tb₆FeTe₂, Tb₆CoTe₂ and Tb₆NiTe₂ demonstrate high-temperature ferromagnetic and low-temperature spin reorientation transitions, whereas Er₆FeTe₂ shows antiferromagnetic transition, only.The Tb₆FeTe₂ and Tb₆NiTe₂ phases show same high-temperature collinear ferromagnetic structure, whereas Tb₆FeTe₂ is the commensurate non-collinear ferromagnet and Tb₆NiTe₂ is the canted ferromagnetic cone with K₁=[0, 0, ±3/10] and K₂=[±2/9, ±2/9, 0] wave vectors at 2 K. The magnetic structure of Er₆FeTe₂ is a flat spiral with K₁=[0, 0, ±1/10] at 2 K. The magnetic entropy change for Tb₆NiTe₂ is ΔS_m=−4.86 J/kg K at 229 K for the field change Δμ₀H=0-5 T.In addition, novel Fe₂P-type Gd₆FeTe₂, Zr₆FeTe₂, Hf₆FeTe₂, Dy₆NiTe₂, Zr₆NiTe₂ and Hf₆NiTe₂ phases have been obtained.