溶胶凝胶辅助水热可控合成ZnO不同形貌分级结构光催化剂

以Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O、柠檬酸和NaOH为原料,采用溶胶凝胶(sol-gel)辅助水热法,仅通过改变水热时间,就可得到片花、棒花及梭状3种不同形貌ZnO分级结构。利用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis DRS、光致发光光谱(PL)和氮低温吸附-脱附等手段对合成的ZnO样品进行了表征。推测了合成条件下不同形貌ZnO分级结构形成的机理。以活性翠兰(KGL)为模拟印染废水,考察了其光催化活性。结果表明,虽然所合成的不同形貌的ZnO样品在光照120 min后均能使KGL降解78%以上,但其中水热4 h得到的片花状ZnO光催化性能最好,可降解99%的KGL,这与其片花状的形貌、较大的比表面积、较多的表面氧缺陷和极性面有关。     

形貌可控ZnO微纳米结构的水热合成及光催化性能

以乙醇胺为辅助溶剂,采用水热合成法,制备了花状、梭状和剑状的ZnO微纳米结构。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光光谱(PL)和拉曼光谱等测试手段对样品的形貌、结构、晶相等进行了表征。结果表明所有样品均为六方纤锌矿结构ZnO;其形貌和结晶度可通过改变物质的量的配比nZn2+/nOH-来调控。探讨了反应物配比对产物形貌结构的影响,乙醇胺对不同形貌ZnO的制备起到至关重要作用。以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,采用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)并结合低温氮吸附-脱附比表面测试(BET),研究了花状、梭状和剑状ZnO的光催化活性。结果表明,与商用ZnO相比,制备的ZnO具有更好的光催化活性;样品催化活性与其比表面积不成正比,具有最小比表面积的花状ZnO拥有最好的光催化活性,这可能是由于其低的结晶度和特殊的花状形貌所致。     

片花状ZnO@碳球核壳结构的制备及太阳光催化性能

采用水热法合成具有核壳结构的片花状ZnO@碳球系列复合物(ZnO@C)。利用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电子显微镜(SEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),红外光谱(FTIR),紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS),荧光光谱(PL)以及N2吸附-脱附等技术对所合成样品进行表征,结果表明,碳球被ZnO纳米片包裹形成具有核壳结构的片花状复合物,碳球的存在增加了ZnO对可见光的吸收,有效抑制了光生电子空穴对的复合。在模拟太阳光下,对活性染料GR黑及甲硝唑的光催化降解测试结果显示,ZnO@C系列复合物的光催化性能均高于纯ZnO,其中ZnO@C-2样品表现出最好的光催化性能,其光催化降解GR黑和甲硝唑的速率分别为纯ZnO的4.2倍和2.1倍。     

特殊形貌的ZnO晶体：水热法生长及光催化性能

采用水热法制得了微米棒状的ZnO结构,并通过改变降温冷却方式得到了锥形管状的ZnO结构。以染料甲基橙的光催化降解为模型评价了ZnO的光催化活性。利用XRD和SEM表征了ZnO的晶体结构和微观形貌。结果表明,所得的ZnO晶体在高压汞灯照射下表现出良好的光催化性能,且ZnO锥形管的光催化活性优于微米棒。ZnO晶体光催化降解甲基橙的反应符合一级反应动力学规律。探讨了ZnO锥形管的形成机理以及光催化降解甲基橙的作用机理。     

磁性Fe3O4/ZnO核壳材料的制备及降解四环素类抗生素

利用共沉淀及退火处理两步法,合成了具有核壳结构的磁性Fe3O4/ZnO纳米材料。采用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、透射电子显微镜及振动样品磁强计(VSM)等技术对材料的组分、形貌及磁力性质进行表征,并以氙灯为光源,以四环素(TC)、强力霉素(DC)和盐酸土霉素(OTC)3种四环素类抗生素为降解目标,模拟测试样品在日光下的光催化活性,并通过改变Zn2+浓度,调节包覆结构从而得到最佳光催化效果。研究表明,ZnO包覆在Fe3O4表面并随Zn2+浓度增大逐渐形成尺寸在100 nm的锥形结构,当Zn2+浓度为0.5 mol/L时,样品对TC、DC和OTC的降解率最大,分别为85%、78%和64%。基于以上的研究显示,合成的磁性Fe3O4/ZnO核壳材料可应用去除水中抗生素,是一种具有高催化活性且能回收利用的新型复合光催化剂。     

可见光响应Fe掺杂ZnO的制备及光催化性能的研究

以硝酸锌、氯化铁等为原料,采用水热合成法制备不同比例Fe掺杂的ZnO光催化剂(Fe-ZnO)。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、拉曼散射(Raman)和紫外可见(UV-vis)漫反射光谱对样品的形貌、结构、相组成进行表征。结果表明,Fe已经掺入了ZnO晶格中;掺杂使光吸收带向红外区域扩展,提高可见光响应。BET测试发现Fe掺杂的ZnO材料具有很好的结构稳定性和相当高的比表面积,对Cr(VI)水溶液进行降解实验,结果显示Fe掺杂后ZnO具有较高的光催化活性和良好的稳定性。     

形貌可控ZnO微纳米结构的水热合成及光催化性能

以乙醇胺为辅助溶剂,采用水热合成法,制备了花状、梭状和剑状的ZnO微纳米结构。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、Ｘ射线衍射（XRD）、光致发光光谱（PL）和拉曼光谱等测试手段对样品的形貌、结构、晶相等进行了表征。结果表明所有样品均为六方纤锌矿结构ZnO;其形貌和结晶度可通过改变物质的量的配比n_Zn²⁺/n_OH^-来调控。探讨了反应物配比对产物形貌结构的影响,乙醇胺对不同形貌ZnO的制备起到至关重要作用。以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,采用紫外-可见吸收光谱（UV-Vis）并结合低温氮吸附-脱附比表面测试（BET）,研究了花状、梭状和剑状ZnO的光催化活性。结果表明,与商用ZnO相比,制备的ZnO具有更好的光催化活性;样品催化活性与其比表面积不成正比,具有最小比表面积的花状ZnO拥有最好的光催化活性,这可能是由于其低的结晶度和特殊的花状形貌所致。     

层状、花形和棒状钛酸铋纳米结构的可控合成及光催化性能

通过可控水热法,制备出层状、花形和棒状钛酸铋(Bi4Ti3O12,BIT)纳米结构。通过X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)观测其结构和形貌特征。XRD图显示,所制备的样品为层状钙钛矿结构。FESEM结果表明,通过控制水热过程的反应参数可以得到不同形貌的纳米粉体。紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)表明BIT样品的带隙能约为2.63～2.95 eV。利用可见光(λ>420 nm)照射下的甲基橙降解实验评价了BIT样品的光催化性能。结果表明,BIT的光催化活性比掺氮TiO2(N-TiO2)高得多。所制备的层状BIT纳米结构光催化效率最高,经可见光照射360 min,甲基橙溶液的降解率可达95.0%。同时还研究了结构和形貌对不同条件下制备的BIT样品光催化活性的影响。     

片花状ZnO@碳球核壳结构的制备及太阳光催化性能

采用水热法合成具有核壳结构的片花状ZnO@碳球系列复合物（ZnO@C）。利用X射线衍射（XRD）,扫描电子显微镜（SEM）,X射线光电子能谱（XPS）,红外光谱（FTIR）,紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）,荧光光谱（PL）以及N₂吸附-脱附等技术对所合成样品进行表征,结果表明,碳球被ZnO纳米片包裹形成具有核壳结构的片花状复合物,碳球的存在增加了ZnO对可见光的吸收,有效抑制了光生电子空穴对的复合。在模拟太阳光下,对活性染料GR黑及甲硝唑的光催化降解测试结果显示,ZnO@C系列复合物的光催化性能均高于纯ZnO,其中ZnO@C-2样品表现出最好的光催化性能,其光催化降解GR黑和甲硝唑的速率分别为纯ZnO的4.2倍和2.1倍。     

空心球状C@SnO2@SnS2的制备及光催化去除Cr（Ⅵ）性能研究

将SnO2负载在碳球上通过不完全烧结的方法得到含有大量碳的空心状C@SnO2,随后加入TAA(硫代乙酰胺),利用离子交换法在水热过程中制备了具有不同硫化程度的空心结构的C@SnO2@SnS2三元复合物。利用XRD、FESEM、TEM、XPS、UV-Vis DRS、PL等测试手段对合成样品进行表征,并测试了其光催化去除Cr(VI)的性能。结果表明,C、SnO2和SnS2三者之间的协同作用以及空心结构的形貌显著增强了SnO2的光催化性能,其中CSS-2样品对Cr(VI)具有最佳的去除能力,太阳光照射120 min后对Cr(VI)的去除率高达98.8%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Copper catalyzed/mediated synthetic methodology for ebselen and related isoselenazolones

Scope of the copper catalyzed/mediated selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been studied for the synthesis of isoselenazolones. It is noticed that the 2-chloro, 2-bromo-, and 2-iodo-aryl amides substrates can be exploited in the selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction by employing 25-100 mol % of CuI/1,10-phenanthroline (L) and potassium carbonate as a base in DMF. Furthermore, electron rich 2-chloro-arylamides also underwent selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction to give biologically important selenium-nitrogen heterocycles. Also, copper-catalyzed selenium-nitrogen coupling reaction has been meticulously applied for the synthesis of diaryl diselenides having methoxy, amine, and amide functionality from respective aryl iodides in the presence of stoichiometric amount of succinimide as an external Se-N coupling partner.