三维荧光光谱法连续测定苯胺、二苯胺和N-甲基苯胺

本文比较了苯胺、二苯胺、N-甲基苯胺的二维荧光光谱和三维荧光光谱。提出了同时测定苯胺,二苯胺和N甲基苯胺的分析方法,它们的浓度分别在2.0×10~(-7)～5.0×10~(-6)mol/L,9.0×10~(-8)～7.4×10~(-6)mol/L,1.3×10~(-7)～2.0×10~(-8)mol/L范围内有良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0×10~(-7)mol/L,8.0×10~(-9)mol/L,1.0×10~(-7)mol/L.相对标准偏差分别为5％,7％,7％.此方法用于混合样品和工业废水的分析,获得较满意的结果.     

TBABr TBAI水溶液体系的电致化学发光的研究

研究了四丁基溴化铵(TBABr)、四丁基碘化铵(TBAI)水溶液体系的电致化学发光。建立了电致化学发光法测定TBABr、TBAI的分析方法。线性范围分别为1.2×10~(-7)～5.0×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1),1.0×10~(-7)～1.5×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)。检出限为1.0×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1),相对标准偏差均为5％。用该法测定人工合成样品获得较满意的结果。     

间接液相色谱电化学法测定酯类化合物

本文用间接液相色谱电化学的方法对非电活性的酯类混合物甲酸甲酯、甲酸乙酯、乙酸甲酯和乙酸乙酯进行了分离和测定,其线性范围分别是3.2×10~(-9)～4.4×10~(-8)mol、2.4×10~(-9)～2.8×10~(-8)mol、2.0×10~(-9)～4.0×10~(-8)mol和2.2×10~(-9)～2.4×10~(-8)mol。对甲酸甲酯8次平行测定的相对标准偏差为0.89％。     

鲁米诺-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸-镉(Ⅱ)-过氧化氢化学发光体系研究

报道了Cd(Ⅱ)对鲁米诺-8-羟基喹啉-5-磺酸-过氧化氢体系的化学发光具有增强作用的实验事实,建立了测定Cd(Ⅱ)的分析方法.该法线性范围为2.0×10~(-8)～1.0×10~(-6)g/mL;相对标准偏差为3.5%;检出限为1.0×10~(-8)g/mL.用于合金样品中Cd(Ⅱ)的分析,结果良好.     

应用吐温-40化学发光新体系测定痕量金

本文报道了新的吐温类表面活性剂的化学发光现象;研究了AuCl_(4-)对该化学发光反应的影响条件,建立了吐温-4o-KOH-H_2O_2体系测定痕量金的新的化学发光分析法。方法的灵敏度很高(检测限达2×10~(-10)gAu/ml),线性范围从1×l0~(-9)～1×l0~(-5)gAu/ml;对5oppb Au测定的相对标准偏差为4.4％;试剂空白低,选择性高。采用聚氨酯泡沫塑料分离富集化探样品中痕量金,并用本法测定,得到满意的结果。     

铜-鲁米诺化学发光法测定抗坏血酸

本文采用鲁米诺-铜-抗坏血酸体系,建立了一种化学发光测定抗坏血酸的方法,方法具有操作简单,灵敏度高,重复性好等优点,用该方法测定抗坏血酸的线性范围为2.0×10~(-6)～6.0×10~(-5)mol/L,对4.0×10~(-6)mol/L抗坏血酸连续11次测定的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.1％,用建立的方法对市售饮料、复合维生素及维生素片剂中的抗坏血酸进行了测定,结果满意.     

钼蓝光度法测定洗衣粉中的磷含量

针对洗衣粉的成分特性,采用硫酸消解样品,钼蓝光度法测定其磷含量。通过试验,确定了最佳分析条件。该方法的线性范围为1.20×10~(-2)～1.28 μg/mL,线性回归方程为A=0.786c-1.11×10~(-3),相关系数r=0.9998,加标回收率为96.6％～103％,相对标准偏差为1.2％～4.3％,检出限为0.3μg/25mL。该方法操作简单、快捷,适合环保监测工作的要求。     

地质样品中金银的连续快速测定——二苯硫脲-三正辛胺棉富集分离液珠萃取比色法

采用二苯硫脲(DPTU)—三正辛胺(TNOA)棉富集分离金、银已有报道。本文采用该吸附剂制备了DPTU—TNOA棉吸附柱,并研究了动态法富集分离金、银的条件。研究表明.吸附柱富集金、银的最佳酸度(体积分数)为5％～20％王水。当含金溶液以1～6ml·min~(-1)流速通过0.1g吸附剂制备的吸附柱时,金、银的吸附率均在98％以上。采用硫代米蚩酮(TMK)液珠萃取比色法连续测定了地质样品中的金、银。方法的检出限为0.5×10~(-9),银为5×10~(-9)。经样品验证,其分析结果满足化探找金工作的需要。     

铬(Ⅵ)-亚铁氰化钾-鲁米诺体系化学发光反应的研究

本文通过对铬(Ⅵ)-亚铁氰化钾-鲁米诺体系化学发光反应的研究,建立了一个测定铬(Ⅵ)的高灵敏化学发光分析法。方法的检出限为2×10~(-11)g/ml铬(Ⅵ);相对标准偏差小于2％(对1×10~(-10)g/ml铬(Ⅵ)11次测定);校正曲线的线性范围是1×10~(-10)～6×10~6g/ml铬(Ⅵ)。此方法已用于环境水样中铬(Ⅵ)的测定。     

生物传感器的研究.V.尿素—石竹花组结电极的研究

尿素—石竹花组织电极是一种植物组织传感器。文中叙述了一种完整石竹花瓣的固定新方法,改善了此类生物传感器的性能:线性范围7.6×10~(-(?))～1.0×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1),斜率47mv·decade~(-1),检测上下限分别为3.2×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1)和4.6×10~(-6)mol·L~(-1),响应时间15～20min,寿命14天.该电极已初步用于实际样品的测定,结果与凯氏法吻合。对尿素含量为3.0×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1)的样品,本法分析结果偏差≤0.2×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1),平均回收率为101.5%(M=3,n=3),表明该传感器具有一定的实用价值。     

Use of multivariate analysis techniques for the characterization of analytical results for the determination of the mineral composition of kale

This paper describes the determination and evaluation of the mineral composition (calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese and zinc) of kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) grown in soils within four cities in Bahia State, Brazil. The sampling process was performed during the summer and winter. Samples were digested with concentrated nitric acid and a digestion pump. Analyses were performed with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and the accuracy was confirmed with a certified reference material of apple leaves furnished by the National Institute of Standard and Technology. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed different mineral compositions of the samples collected in the summer and winter. Samples collected in the winter have a higher concentration of micronutrients (iron, zinc and manganese) and macronutrients (calcium and magnesium). The average contents (wet weight and mg per 100 g) for the winter and summer were 551 and 535 for calcium; 117 and 106 for magnesium; 2.13 and 1.48 for iron; 2.63 and 1.95 for zinc and 2.05 and 1.34 for manganese, respectively. These results are in agreement with values previously reported in the literature.     

Chemometric and trend analysis of water quality of the South Chennai lakes: an integrated environmental study

In order to bring out the nature of the factors influencing lake water composition, multivariate statistical analysis and trend analysis were performed based on the hydrochemical data of the study area, namely, South Chennai. Change in land use pattern and settlements along the banks of the lakes alters the quality and quantity of the surface water. In the present study, the R‐mode factor analysis and cluster analysis were applied to the geochemical parameters of the water to identify the factors affecting the chemical composition of the lake water. Dendograms of both the seasons give three major clusters, reflecting the groups of unpolluted to moderately polluted, polluted, and heavily polluted stations. The movement of stations from one cluster to another clearly brings out the seasonal variation in the chemical composition of the lake water. The complex hydrochemical data of the surface water were interpreted by condensing them into three major factors. Factor score analysis was used successfully to delineate the stations under study and the role of the contributing factors, and the nature of factors responsible for the variation in chemical composition of the water has been clearly brought out. Results of trend analysis using ArcGIS clearly indicate that the trend in water quality is deteriorating at a faster rate in the eastern part of the study area. It is understood that although natural shifts probably can account for some of the variation, it is most likely that human activities play a major role in affecting the water quality on a regional scale. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of glycoforms on the glycosylation site and the glycans in monoclonal antibody biopharmaceuticals

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), immunoglobulins, have been efficiently used in the treatment of many diseases, such as cancer, inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases, and organ transplantation. mAbs are glycoprotein molecules undergoing posttranslational modifications. Glycosylation is one of the posttranslational modifications. Different glycoforms that are important for maintaining the potency of mAb drugs show various biological activities. Therefore, the profile of the glycans and glycosylation sites should be determined to produce safe, good quality, consistent mAb drugs for human use. For this reason, simple, robust, accurate, and reproducible analytical methods need to be developed. In this article, chromatographic methods for the analysis of the glycoforms on the glycosylation site and the glycans in mAb biopharmaceuticals have been evaluated.     

Pheromone synthesis. Part 264: Synthesis of the core 3-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane structures of gomadalactones A,B and C,the components of the contact sex pheromone of the white-spotted longicorn beetle,Anoplophora malasiaca

The core bicyclic cyclopentanelactone structures of gomadalactones A, B and C with α-hydroxyketone system were synthesized from (R)-pulegone, employing deconjugation of an α,β-unsaturated lactone as the key step. Comparison of the CD spectra of the synthetic compounds with those of the natural products confirmed the absolute configuration of the natural pheromone components as proposed in 2007. X-ray crystallographic analysis of the model compound of gomadalactone B core structure was carried out.     

Three-dimensional structure of the actinomycins.

Many complicated three-dimensional structures can be formulated for the actinomycins, red chromopeptide antibiotics distinguished by pronounced antineoplastic activity, because of their unique constitutional type. Since these structures largely determine the specific activity of the actinomycin molecules in the host cells, knowledge of the structural forms occurring naturally in solution is a decisive prerequisite for detailed insight into the mode of biological action of the actinomycins. Investigations by several methods have shown that, in spite of their deviating primary structures, all important actinomycins assume only one very characteristic, pseudo-C₂-symmetrical, and remarkably stable three-dimensional structural type.     

一种基于光谱分析的二元不完全重叠色谱峰的分离解析方法

基于二极管阵列检测器获得的色谱-光谱数据,建立了一种二元不完全重叠液相色谱峰的解析方法: 色谱数据经过去噪、归一化处理后,计算各时间点的光谱差异并进行系统聚类分析,提取特征光谱后,利用非负最小二乘法对色谱-光谱矩阵进行解析,得到基于特征光谱的流出曲线,进而得到分离后的色谱峰。将解析结果和纯标样的色谱峰进行比较,解析后的光谱图和纯标样的光谱图无显著差异,保留时间相差小于0.01 min。实验结果表明,该方法在二元不完全重叠液相色谱峰的解析方面能取得良好的效果。     

灰色关联分析结合色度法评价不同产地黄连质量

为了建立黄连色度测量方法并分析其与有效成分含量之间的相关性,应用灰色关联分析（GRA）与主成分分析（PCA）对不同产地黄连药材进行质量评价。收集了来自15个不同产区黄连药材,依据国际照明委员会CIE L*a*b*数字化系统,采用分光测色计测定15批黄连药材色度值,采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱4种生物碱含量,并运用SPSS 23.0软件对色度与生物碱含量进行相关性分析。将黄连药材中生物碱类成分含量、药材水分、灰分、浸出物含量及色度值作为考察指标,采用GRA法构建黄连质量评价模型并采用SIMCA-P 14.1软件进行PCA及正交偏最小二乘法分析;结果表明,色度测量方法准确可靠;相关性分析结果显示,黄连色度L^* 、a^* 、b^* 、E_ab^* （总色度值）值与表小檗碱、黄连碱、巴马汀和盐酸小檗碱的含量均有显著相关性。GRA分析结果显示,产地为重庆市的黄连与最优参考序列的相对关联度最高、质量最优;PCA分析结果显示产地为陕西省铜川市的黄连对主成分贡献率较高。GRA与色度测定所建立的黄连质量评价模型可作为黄连药材质量评价的参考依据。     

电化学分析法在铬形态分析中应用进展

对近年来电化学分析法应用于铬的形态分析的现状和发展趋势进行了概述。     

Quantitative applications of photoacoustic spectroscopy in the infrared

Quantitative photoacoustic and transmission infrared spectroscopy have been compared for a highly overlapped three component mixture with concentrations varying from 0 to 60%. A partial leastsquares model has been employed for the quantitative analysis. High correlation coefficients were obtained for both the transmission and photoacoustic model.     

Automation of Structure Analysis. Part II. Automation of the Evaluation

The extent to which it is possible to automate the determination of a structure from the data collected with automatic measuring equipment is discussed. The development of the automatic evaluation is synchronous with that of digital computer program.—Even the simple calculation of structure factors from the intensities (i.e. the analysis of the geometrical and physical intensity factors) takes several weeks when the many thousand reflections are processed “manually”, i.e. with a desk calculator. A large electronic computer, on the other hand, executes these calculations in a few seconds. Nevertheless, even the largest computers available at present are too small for many of the complex steps in the calculation and for the quantity of data involved. Evaluation methods which, owing to long computing times, can at present only be tested on relatively simple structures will become more attractive with the advent of machines with computing times in the nanosecond range. For corrigendum see DOI: 10.1002/anie.196605112