分子印迹固相萃取-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定猪尿中15种β_2-受体激动剂残留

建立了分子印迹固相萃取(MISPE)-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定猪尿中15种β_2-受体激动剂的分析方法。分别优化了上样溶液的pH值、淋洗和洗脱溶液等MISPE净化条件及质谱条件。将猪尿样品离心,经MISPE柱上样,依次用水、乙腈、0.5%(v/v)乙酸乙腈溶液淋洗,10%(v/v)乙酸甲醇溶液洗脱,氮气吹干,0.1%(v/v)甲酸水-乙腈(9∶1,v/v)复溶;采用BEH C_(18)色谱柱分离,以乙腈-0.1%(v/v)甲酸水溶液为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子多反应监测模式下外标法定量。考察了MISPE对15种β_2-受体激动剂的吸附特异性;猪尿中15种β_2-受体激动剂在0.1~20μg/L范围内线性关系良好(r~2≥0.992);检出限和定量限分别为0.03和0.1μg/L;15种β_2-受体激动剂的加标回收率为65.6%~115.0%,批内、批间相对标准偏差分别为0.57%~16.1%和1.11%~16.8%。该方法操作简单、快速、灵敏度高、特异性好。     

气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜和土壤中17种邻苯二甲酸酯

采用气相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜和土壤中17种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量。蔬菜样品用乙腈均质提取,土壤利用水和乙腈振荡提取。在气相色谱分离中用DB-1701MS色谱柱为固定相,在质谱分析中采用多反应监测模式。17种邻苯二甲酸酯的质量浓度均在2.00~500μg·L-1范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,测定下限(10S/N)在0.01~0.32μg·kg-1之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在71.1%~118%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在0.20%~15%之间。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定发泡聚苯乙烯制品中6种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量

采用气相色谱-质谱法测定发泡聚苯乙烯制品中6种邻苯二甲酸酯的含量。样品(0.250 0g)以二氯甲烷为溶剂,用乙腈(15mL)沉淀聚合物后取其溶液,用DB-5MS毛细管色谱柱分离。在质谱分析中,用选择离子扫描模式下测定。6种邻苯二甲酸酯在一定的质量浓度范围内与其峰面积呈线性关系,方法的测定下限(10S/N)在0.13~4.61mg·kg~(-1)之间。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率在85.8%~102%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在1.3%~4.6%之间。     

高效液相色谱-电雾式检测器同时测定猪、牛、羊、熊胆粉中5种胆汁酸的含量

建立了高效液相色谱-电雾式检测器(HPLC-CAD)同时测定猪、熊、牛、羊胆粉中5种胆汁酸的检测方法,优化了色谱条件,采用冰醋酸-乙腈-水(0.1∶30∶70,V/V)与乙腈梯度洗脱,使用Waters HSS T3色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8μm),柱温35.0℃,流速0.3 mL/min,进样量10μL。本方法对5种胆汁酸的定量限均为30 ng,检出限均为6 ng,线性范围均为0.6~300 mg/L,相关系数为0.9988~0.9994,加标回收率(n=6)为85.0%~97.1%,各胆粉样品经碱加热水解后测定各胆汁酸的含量,结果与文献报道一致。将本方法与高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器(HPLC-ELSD)法相比较,结果显示,CAD的灵敏度为ELSD的3.0倍,线性范围比ELSD高2个数量级,并且CAD的响应因子比ELSD更具有一致性。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定血清中游离和结合型胆汁酸

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱同时测定血清中游离和结合型胆汁酸的方法。血清样品经固相萃取后,在C18色谱柱上梯度洗脱,用负离子多反应监测模式检测。15种胆汁酸在0.10~100.0μmol/L的浓度范围内与响应呈良好的线性,r为0.9990~0.9999;检出限为0.001~0.006μmol/L;本方法的相对标准偏差日内不超过3.0%,日间不超过6.0%;平均回收率为86.0%~110.0%,适合于临床检测血清胆汁酸。     

液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法测定人血清中17β-雌二醇含量

研究建立了以人血清中E2-16,16,17-d3为内标测定17β-雌二醇的液相色谱/串联质谱(ID-LC/MS/MS)方法。血清样品经固相萃取装置(SPE)提取雌二醇,乙酸乙酯萃取净化,吹干复溶后用10-乙基吖啶酮-2-磺酰氯(EASC)进行衍生。以Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18色谱分离柱,乙腈、水梯度洗脱,使用电喷雾三重四极杆串联质谱的多重反应监测模式测定,以校准曲线法进行定量。所建立的液相色谱同位素稀释串联质谱法(ID-LC/MS/MS)对于分析血清17β-雌二醇的批内、批间RSD分别为0.29%～0.73%和0.18%～0.28%,回收率为99.6%～100.2%,采用IFCC RELA比对(JCTLM比对)样品进行了方法比较,测定结果与其他实验室相比偏差在0.8%范围内。方法可作为人血清中17β-雌二醇含量测量参考方法。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定胆汁中15种胆汁酸

建立了同时测定胆汁中15种胆汁酸的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法。以蛋白质沉淀的方法对样品进行前处理。以甲醇和0.1%(V/V)甲酸水为流动相对目标物进行梯度洗脱。在电喷雾负离子模式,采用多反应监测进行定性和定量分析。15种胆汁酸在线性范围内线性关系良好,线性相关系数(R2)均大于0.993;目标物的检出限为0.2~2.0μg/L;3个加标水平下的回收率为71.8%~96.5%,相对标准偏差为2.7%~8.5%。方法可用于胆汁中胆汁酸的检测。     

分散固相萃取结合液相色谱-串联质谱法测定饲料中8种脂溶性着色剂

建立了饲料中8种脂溶性着色剂(对位红、苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ、苏丹红7B、苏丹红G、苏丹黄)含量的液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。饲料样品中脂溶性着色剂经乙腈提取,离心后上清液采用分散固相萃取净化,净化液稀释后进行LC-MS/MS分析。样品测定时采用Acquity BEH C18色谱柱进行色谱分离,以0.2%甲酸溶液-乙腈作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正离子(ESI+)模式电离,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测,同位素稀释内标法定量。8种脂溶性着色剂在1.0~200μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)均大于0.998;在饲料中的方法检出限为5.0μg/kg,定量下限为10μg/kg。在10,50,500μg/kg加标浓度下8种脂溶性着色剂的回收率为102%~111%,批内相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.8%~8.0%,批间RSD为2.8%~7.8%。该方法能满足饲料样品中脂溶性着色剂监控的需要。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定化妆品中15种性激素

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法(LG-MS/MS)测定了化妆品(膏霜、乳液或水剂)中15种性激素的含量。样品(0.20g)与饱和氯化钠溶液(2mL)混匀分散,用乙腈(每次2mL)提取2次。合并提取液,加入200g·L~(-1)亚铁氰化钾溶液和200g·L~(-1)乙酸锌溶液各0.2mL,混匀使大分子物质沉淀,离心后取上清液,加水定容至10mL。按不同的程序分别对雌激素、雄激素和孕激素进行梯度洗脱。质谱测定中对雌激素采用负离子模式,雄激素和孕激素采用正离子模式。15种性激素的质量浓度均在8.0~800μg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为0.05~0.4mg·kg~(-1)。经多批实样分析,所得测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为0.90%~4.3%,加标回收率为80.3%~121%。     

在线衍生-高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中的游离甲醛

采用自动在线衍生-高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中游离甲醛的含量。样品经乙腈涡旋提取,以2,4-二硝基苯肼的乙腈-乙酸溶液为衍生液,在线衍生2min后,衍生物在Agilent C_(18)色谱柱上分离,以乙腈(65+35)溶液为流动相进行洗脱,用二极管阵列检测器测定,检测波长为355nm。甲醛线性范围为1.0~20.0mg·L~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为50mg·kg~(-1)。加标回收率在83.0%~98.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)在3.4%~7.8%之间。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.