石墨烯-氧化钨复合薄膜的制备及界面电子传输特性

以偏钨酸铵为钨源、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为连接剂,采用浸渍提拉法制备了石墨烯-氧化钨复合薄膜,利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)及Raman光谱等方法对复合结构材料进行了表征,并利用光电流测试、交流阻抗谱(EIS)、瞬态光电流谱和强度调制光电流谱等方法,研究复合薄膜电极在光电作用下界面上的载流子转移过程和电荷传输行为.结果表明,组成薄膜的氧化钨纳米颗粒与石墨烯充分复合,光电性能显著提高;与石墨烯复合后,薄膜的瞬态时间常数增大,电子-空穴对寿命延长;电子传输时间减少,为纯氧化钨薄膜的47.5%.     

石墨烯/聚吡咯纳米纤维超级电容器电极材料的制备及其电化学性能

超级电容器因其具有较高的循环稳定性和较好的能量密度而成为储能器件中的研究热点,其电极材料及制备方法是决定超级电容器电化学性能的关键因素。 本文以聚环氧乙烷-聚环氧丙烷-聚环氧乙烷三嵌段共聚物(P123)为软模板,通过一步原位聚合法成功地制备了石墨烯/聚吡咯纳米纤维(GR/PPy NF)复合超级电容器电极材料。 通过X射线衍射(XRD),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等对复合材料的结构和形态进行了系统的表征。 利用电化学方法对GR/PPy NF复合电极材料的电化学性能进行了系统的分析。 结果表明,在电流密度0.5 A/g下,纳米复合材料的比电容量高达969.5 F/g,在充放电600圈之后,仍可保留初始比电容的88%,展示了良好的电容性能及循环稳定性。 GR/PPy NF制备简单,性能优异,是一种很有前途的能量转换/存储材料。     

Influence of borohydride concentration on the synthesized Au/graphene nanocomposites for direct borohydride fuel cell

Au/graphene nanocomposites are prepared via a one-pot chemical reduction process at room temperature, using graphene oxide (GO) and chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄) as precursors. The obtained Au/graphene nanocomposites are characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM shows that the Au nanoparticles with size of approximately 8.7 nm disperse randomly on the surface of graphene. XPS confirms that the Au/graphene nanocomposites show a higher atomic percentage of C/O (6.3/1), in contrast to its precursor GO (2.2/1). Electrochemical studies reveal that the Au/graphene nanocomposites have electrochemically active surface area of 9.82 m² g^?1. Besides, the influence of borohydride concentration on the as-prepared Au/graphene nanocomposites is investigated in details by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry. The results indicate that high concentration of borohydride can significantly improve the electrochemical performance of the Au/graphene catalyst.     

石墨烯-氧化钨复合薄膜的制备及界面电子传输特性

以偏钨酸铵为钨源、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮为连接剂,采用浸渍提拉法制备了石墨烯-氧化钨复合薄膜,利用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）及Raman光谱等方法对复合结构材料进行了表征,并利用光电流测试、交流阻抗谱（EIS）、瞬态光电流谱和强度调制光电流谱等方法,研究复合薄膜电极在光电作用下界面上的载流子转移过程和电荷传输行为. 结果表明,组成薄膜的氧化钨纳米颗粒与石墨烯充分复合,光电性能显著提高;与石墨烯复合后,薄膜的瞬态时间常数增大,电子-空穴对寿命延长;电子传输时间减少,为纯氧化钨薄膜的47.5%.     

CdS/石墨烯复合材料的制备及其可见光催化分解水产氢性能

以氧化石墨烯和CdS为原料, 在乙醇水溶液中采用CdS光催化还原法制备了CdS/石墨烯复合光催化材料, 并用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和瞬态光电流等技术对复合材料的结构和光电性能进行了表征. 可见光照射下(λ≥420 nm), 研究了该复合材料光催化分解水产氢的性能. 结果表明, 可见光照射下CdS的光生电子可有效地还原氧化石墨烯, 得到CdS与石墨烯之间具有强相互作用力的CdS/石墨烯复合材料. 与CdS相比, 复合材料中石墨烯作为良好的电子受体和传递介质, 可明显加快CdS光生电子的迁移速率, 提高光生载流子的分离效率, 从而增强复合材料的光电性能和光催化分解水产氢的活性.     

石墨烯-富勒烯铵碘盐复合载体负载Pd催化剂的制备及电催化氧化乙醇性能

采用水合肼水热还原法制备了不同比例还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)与n型自掺杂富勒烯铵碘盐(PCBANI)的复合载体RGO-PCBANI, 并在电极上用这些载体负载Pd纳米粒子制备了Pd/RGO-PCBANI电催化剂. 利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对RGO-PCBANI和Pd/RGO-PCBANI的形貌及结构进行了表征. 利用循环伏安和计时电流等电化学方法研究了该催化剂电催化氧化乙醇的性能. 结果表明, 所制备的RGO-PCBANI(6∶1)载体的分散性较好, 用其负载的Pd纳米粒子平均粒径为5.2 nm, 且Pd/RGO-PCBANI(6∶1)催化剂的催化活性最好, 质量电流密度达到1288.8 mA/mg.     

氮掺杂还原氧化石墨烯负载铂催化剂的制备及甲醇电氧化性能

采用高温热解聚苯胺修饰的氧化石墨烯（PANI-GO）,得到了氮掺杂的还原氧化石墨烯碳材料（N-RGO）,以其负载Pt 制备了Pt/N-RGO纳米结构电催化剂. 采用透射电镜（TEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、X 射线衍射（XRD）谱及拉曼光谱等技术对N-RGO和Pt/N-RGO的形貌及结构进行了表征,用循环伏安、计时电流等电化学技术研究了Pt/N-RGO电极催化剂对CO溶出反应和甲醇电氧化反应的催化性能. 结果表明：高温热解PANIGO可同时实现GO的还原及其氮掺杂的过程,氮掺杂引起还原氧化石墨烯碳材料表面缺陷结构和导电性的增加;与相应的未掺杂氮样品Pt/RGO相比较,Pt/N-RGO样品上Pt 颗粒的分散更均匀,显示出更强的抗CO毒化能力和更高的甲醇电氧化催化活性及稳定性.     

不同结构及氮掺杂NiO/rGO氧还原催化剂的制备与性能研究

本文以还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）为载体制备了片状NiO/rGO和球形NiO/N-rGO结构的氧还原催化剂. 通过X-射线衍射（XRD）、Raman（拉曼）测试、X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）等方法表征了两种催化剂的结构和形貌. 采用循环伏安法（CV）、Tafel曲线、线性扫描伏安法（LSV）、旋转圆盘电极（RDE）和旋转环盘电极（RRDE）等技术测试研究了两种催化剂的电化学催化氧还原性能. 研究结果表明,球形NiO/N-rGO催化剂催化氧还原的峰电流密度和起始电位（0.89 V vs. RHE）与商业化的Pt/C（20%）催化剂相近. 旋转圆盘电极（RDE）和旋转环盘电极（RRDE）测试证明,在碱性电解液中NiO/rGO和NiO/N-rGO催化的氧还原反应均主要通过4?鄄电子途径反应途径发生,球形NiO/N-rGO催化剂展现出替代Pt/C基催化剂的潜力.     

Ethanol electrooxidation on Pd/C nanoparticles in alkaline media

Carbon-supported Pd nanoparticles were prepared by microwave heating-glycol reduction method, and characterized by a wide array of experimental techniques including X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The electrooxidation behaviors of ethanol on the Pd/C electrode in alkaline media were investigated using cyclic voltammetry(CV), chronoamperometry(CA), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS) and single cell performance methods. Pd/C electrode for ethanol oxidation showed high electro-catalytic activity and long term stability. However, it is observed that the current density decreases with the increasing of the potential and negative impedance presents in the potential from-0.1 to0.1 V. The decreasing current density and the negative impedance could be due to the adsorbed intermediates species that inhibited the further oxidation of ethanol. Based on the chemical reaction analysis and EIS spectra, equivalent circuits relating to various potential zones have been obtained. These results reveal the dynamic adsorption of intermediates species on Pd surfaces. Significantly, it is clarified that the adsorption behavior begins from the maximum catalysis of electro-catalysis and ends in the formation of the palladium(II) oxide layer on the electrode surface.     

Pd/PEI-GNs复合材料的制备及对对硝基苯酚的电催化还原性能

以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)功能化的石墨烯(PEI-GNs)为载体, 利用电化学还原法制备了Pd/PEI-GNs复合物. 采用红外光谱仪、 X射线光电子能谱仪、 X射线粉末衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等对复合物的组成、 结构和形态进行了表征. 结果表明, Pd/PEI-GNs复合物中Pd颗粒均匀分散在PEI-GNs基底上. 采用循环伏安法、 交流阻抗法和计时电流法等电化学方法研究了Pd/PEI-GNs复合物的电化学性能. 结果表明, 制备的复合物催化剂对对硝基苯酚还原具有较好的催化活性和稳定性, 这主要是由于Pd纳米颗粒在PEI-GNs载体上均匀分散以及PEI-GNs优异的电子传递能力.     

Facile and scalable fabrication of graphene/polypyrrole/MnO<Subscript>x</Subscript>/Cu(OH)<Subscript>2</Subscript> composite for high-performance supercapacitors

In this study, to improve the specific capacitance of graphene-based supercapacitor, novel quadri composite of G/PPy/MnO_x/Cu(OH)₂ was synthesized by using a facile and inexpensive route. First, a two-step method consisting of thermal decomposition and in situ oxidative polymerization was employed to fabricate graphene/polypyrrole/manganese oxide composites. Second, Cu(OH)₂ nanowires were deposited on Cu foil. Afterwards, for the electrochemical measurements, composite powders were deposited on Cu(OH)₂/Cu foil substrate as working electrodes. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD analysis revealed the formation of PPy/graphene, Mn₃O₄/graphene, and graphene/polypyrrole/MnO_x. In addition, the presence of polypyrrole and manganese oxides was confirmed using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies. Graphene/polypyrrole/MnO_x/Cu(OH)₂ electrode showed the best electrochemical performance and exhibited the largest specific capacitance of approximately 370 F/g at the scan rate of 10 mV/s in 6 M KOH electrolyte. In addition, other electrochemical measurements (charge–discharge, EIS and cyclical performance) of the G/Cu(OH)₂, G/PPy/Cu(OH)₂, G/Mn₃O₄/Cu(OH)₂, and G/PPy/MnO_x/Cu(OH)₂ electrodes suggested that the G/PPy/MnO_x/Cu(OH)₂ composite electrode is promising materials for supercapacitor application.     

Electrochemical-reduced graphene oxide-modified carbon fiber as Pt–Au nanoparticle support and its high efficient electrocatalytic activity for formic acid oxidation

A simple electrochemical approach is developed to prepare reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-wrapped carbon fiber (CF) as a novel support for Pt–Au nanocatalysts. The obtained composite electrodes have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and electrochemical methods. SEM images reveal that the Pt–Au nanoparticles deposited on RGO-wrapped CF (RGO/CF) electrode display smaller particle size and more uniform dispersion than those on the bare CF electrode. Cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry, chronopotentiometry, Tafel plots, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses demonstrate that the introduced RGO on CF electrode surface is beneficial to the dispersion of Pt–Au nanoparticles, as a consequence, to the enhancement of the electrocatalytic activity and the antipoisoning ability of Pt–Au towards formic acid electrooxidation.     

氮掺杂还原氧化石墨烯负载铂催化剂的制备及甲醇电氧化性能

采用高温热解聚苯胺修饰的氧化石墨烯(PANI-GO),得到了氮掺杂的还原氧化石墨烯碳材料(N-RGO),以其负载Pt制备了Pt/N-RGO纳米结构电催化剂.采用透射电镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)谱及拉曼光谱等技术对N-RGO和Pt/N-RGO的形貌及结构进行了表征,用循环伏安、计时电流等电化学技术研究了Pt/N-RGO电极催化剂对CO溶出反应和甲醇电氧化反应的催化性能.结果表明:高温热解PANIGO可同时实现GO的还原及其氮掺杂的过程,氮掺杂引起还原氧化石墨烯碳材料表面缺陷结构和导电性的增加;与相应的未掺杂氮样品Pt/RGO相比较,Pt/N-RGO样品上Pt颗粒的分散更均匀,显示出更强的抗CO毒化能力和更高的甲醇电氧化催化活性及稳定性.     

不同载体负载Pd催化剂对甲酸的电催化氧化活性比较

应用Hummers法氧化合成氧化石墨(GO), 然后用化学一步还原法制得石墨烯（graphene）负载Pd催化剂. 用同样方法以多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）、单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）和Vulcan XC-72为载体制备了不同负载型的Pd催化剂. X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)表征表明,在石墨烯载体上Pd纳米粒子粒径较小,且分布均匀. 电化学活性面积(ECSA)、循环伏安(CV)、计时电流(CA)和计时电位(CP)电化学测试显示, 与其它3种碳载体的Pd催化剂相比, 石墨烯负载Pd催化剂对甲酸电催化氧化的催化活性和稳定性最好.     

Electroanalytical Determination of Paracetamol Using Pd Nanoparticles Deposited on Carboxylated Graphene Oxide Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

The study presents a novel paracetamol (PA) sensor based on Pd nanoparticles (PdNPs) deposited on carboxylated graphene oxide (GO?COOH) and nafion (Nf) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The morphologies of the as prepared composites were characterized using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The experimental results demonstrated that Nf/GO?COOPd displayed excellent electrocatalytic response to the oxidation PA. The linear range was 0.04–800 μM for PA with limit of detection of 0.012 μM and excellent sensitivity of 232.89 μA mM^?1 cm^?2. By considering the excellent performance of Nf/GO?COOPd composite such as wider linear range, lower detection, better selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility, and storage stability, the prepared composite, especially GO?COOH support, with satisfactory electrocatalytic properties was a promising material for the modification of electrode material in electrochemical sensor and biosensor field.     

Enhanced oxygen reduction at Pd catalytic nanoparticles dispersed onto heteropolytungstate-assembled poly(diallyldimethylammonium)-functionalized carbon nanotubes

Both Keggin-type phosphotungstic acid (HPW) and Pd are not prominent catalysts towards the oxygen reduction (ORR), but their composite Pd-HPW catalyst produces a significantly higher electrochemical activity for the ORR in acidic media. The novel composite catalyst was synthesized by self-assembly of HPW on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) via the electrostatic attraction between negatively charged HPW and positively charged poly(diallyldimethylammonium (PDDA)-wrapped MWCNTs, followed by dispersion of Pd nanoparticles onto the HPW-PDDA-MWCNT assembly. The as-prepared catalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). TEM images show that Pd nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on the surface of MWCNTs even when the Pd loading was increased to 60 wt%. Electrochemical activity of the catalysts for the ORR was evaluated by steady state polarization measurements using a rotating disk electrode. Compared with the acid treated MWCNTs, Pd nanoparticles supported on the HPW-assembled MWCNTs show a much higher ORR activity that is comparable to conventional Pt/C catalysts. The high electrocatalytic activities could be related to high dispersion of Pd nanoparticles as well as synergistic effects originating from the high proton conductivity of HPW. The Pd/HPW-PDDA-MWCNTs system as the cathode catalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cells is demonstrated.     

Magnetic property and structural study of nickel supported on reduced graphene oxide prepared by chemical vapor deposition

Nickel supported on reduced graphene oxide was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition technique. The crystal structure and magnetic properties of the prepared sample were studied by means of Raman spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The result of Raman spectroscopy revealed the structure of few-layer graphene as the support for Ni nanoparticles. XP spectrum confirmed the presence of metallic Ni on the a few-layer graphene surface. TE micrograph showed that the nickel nanoparticles were sphere shaped and the mean particle size is about 20 nm deposited on the reduced graphene oxide. The magnetic study showed the ferromagnetic behavior of 3.2 wt% nickel over reduced graphene oxide at room temperature.     

MoO3基纳米复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究

以MoO3为基体,分别用超声分散法与碳纳米管(CNTs),化学原位聚合法与聚吡咯(PPy)复合,制备了MoO3/CNTs,MoO3/PPy和MoO3/CNTs/PPy纳米复合材料。利用XRD、SEM、TEM对复合材料进行物性表征,在1 mol·dm-3的HCl溶液中对MoO3,MoO3/CNTs,MoO3/PPy和MoO3/CNTs/PPy四个样品进行电化学测试。结果表明,复合材料的比容量均高于MoO3,其中,由于MoO3/PPy特殊的一维核壳结构使其具有较高的比表面积,相比较其他复合材料而言,有更好的电化学活性。该材料的最大比电容为450.8F·g-1。     

Pd/石墨烯/玻碳电极检测4-氯酚污染物的研究

采用改进的Hummers法和硼氢化钠还原法制备Pd/石墨烯催化剂,并采用XRD、SEM、XPS、TEM等技术对其进行表征. 将该催化剂修饰于玻碳电极表面,制备出Pd/石墨烯/玻碳电极,使用循环伏安法研究了检测4-氯酚的最佳工作条件. 研究结果表明,所得石墨烯表面平整光滑,以零价态存在的Pd纳米颗粒均匀分散到石墨烯上,平均粒径为(6.5 ± 0.05) nm. 检测4-氯酚的最佳支持电解质为0.1 mol?L-1、pH = 6.8的磷酸-磷酸钠缓冲溶液（PBS）,峰电流与扫描速率的平方根呈良好的线性关系（R2 = 0.992）,该电极的线性范围为1 ~ 100 μmol?L-1 (R2 = 0.967),检测限为0.57 μmol?L-1 (S/N = 3),且具有良好的重现性和稳定性. 本文所研制的Pd/石墨烯/玻碳电极具有较高的催化活性,提供了一种简便快捷、重现性好的检测4-氯酚的方法.     

Electrocatalytic activity of Pd nanoparticles supported on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-graphene hybrid for ethanol electrooxidation

The support materials play a critical role for the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol on precious metal catalysts in fuel cells. Here, we report the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) combined with reduced graphene oxide (PEDOT-RGO) as the support of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) for ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline medium. The as-prepared Pd/PEDOT-RGO composite catalysts are characterized by Raman spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microcopy, and scanning electron microcopy. PEDOT-RGO composite with the porous structure facilitates the dispersion of Pd NPs with a smaller size leading to the increase of electrochemical active surface area. The electrochemical properties and electrocatalytic activities of Pd/PEDOT-RGO hybrid are evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, CO stripping voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel analysis. The results suggest that Pd/PEDOT-RGO hybrid shows a higher electrocatalytic activity, a better long-term stability, and the poisoning tolerance for the ethanol electrooxidation than Pd on carbon black. EIS and Tafel analysis indicate that PEDOT-RGO improves the kinetics of ethanol electrooxidation on the Pd NPs and is an efficient support in fuel cells.