Microwave-assisted synthesis of the Fe2O3/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activity for degradation of methylene blue

The preparation and photocatalytic performance of the Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ nanocomposites with different weight percentage of iron was investigated in this study. Samples were successfully synthesized using melamine and ferric nitrate as the precursors via the green and facile microwave-assisted method. The physicochemical and structural properties of the Fe₂O₃-doped g-C₃N₄ were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis). The photocatalytic activity of the Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ catalysts was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) at room temperature under visible light irradiation. As expected, the as-synthesized samples exhibited considerable improvement in the photodegradation of MB. The Fe₂O₃/g-C₃N₄ (1.0 wt%) nanocomposite had superior photocatalytic activity, with almost 70% degradation efficiency within 90 min of irradiation. The enhanced performance was ascribed to the separation and migration of the photoinduced electron–hole pairs and taking part of the charge carriers in the chemical redox reactions at the surface of the photocatalyst. In this work, the effect of Fe weight percentage on the degradation potential was also studied, and the photocatalytic mechanism was proposed with the main reactive species •OH.     

TiO2/polyaniline composites： An efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue under natural light

Polyaniline (PAn) sensitized nanocrystalline TiO_2 composites (TiO_2/PAn) were successfully prepared and used as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of dye methylene blue (MB).The results showed that PAn was able to sensitize TiO_2 efficiently and the composite photocatalyst could be activated by absorbing both the ultraviolet and visible light (λ:190～800nm),whereas pure TiO_2 absorbed ultraviolet light only (λ<380nm).Under the irradiation of natural light,MB could be degraded more efficiently on the TiO_2/PAn composites than on the TiO_2.Furthermore,it could be easily separated from the solution by simple sedimentation.     

Synthesis of NiO coated chitosan-cenosphere buoyant composite for enhanced adsorptive removal of methylene blue

The objective of the present study is to utilize fly ash cenosphere to remove methylene blue (MB) from the water streams. Nickel oxide is a typical semiconductor used as proficient adsorbent material for degradation of dye with environment friendly applications due to its excellent chemical stability and high catalytic activity. The chitosan cenosphere buoyant composite coated with NiO was synthesized with hydrothermal grafting reaction using silane coupling agent and epichlorohydrin as a cross-linking reagent. The batch adsorption experiments were carried out with a cationic dye, methylene blue as a representative organic pollutant to investigate the adsorptive capabilities of the composite as adsorbent. The influence of pH (2-12), initial concentration of dye (50–200 mg/L), temperature (37–47 °C) and contact time (0–24 h) were taken as parameters in the study. On the relative elimination of MB, the effect of time and temperature were investigated. The adsorption kinetics for MB was correlated and found to observe the pseudo-second order kinetic model, whereas the equilibrium adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir model (R² > 0.99). The results indicate that the floating fly ash cenosphere coated with NiO proved to be more responsive for enhanced degradation of methylene blue.     

Applying facilely synthesized CuO/CeO2 photocatalyst to accelerate methylene blue degradation in hypersaline wastewater

Textile and dye effluents have strong color, unstable pH and COD, a lot of inorganic salt, and high biotoxicity. It is difficult and inefficient to remove dyes from high-saline wastewater by traditional methods. In this study, a simple synthetic CuO/CeO₂ photocatalyst is used to achieve high efficiency photodegradation of methylene blue in high salt wastewater. The p-type CuO/n-type CeO₂ heterojunction photocatalyst is synthesized by a modified hydrothermal-calcination method. The XRD and XPS reveal the successful synthesis of CuO/CeO₂ composite. The SEM and TEM images show that the sample consists of large amounts of well-dispersed CuO nanosphere loading on the CeO₂ layers. DRS exhibits the absorption band (about 510 nm) and the band gap energy (2.43 eV) of the CuO/CeO₂ composite. Compared with pure CuO, CeO₂, and TiO₂ (P25), the prepared CuO/CeO₂ can increase the mineralization rate of MB by 18.19%~33.74%. More than 80% of MB can be effectively removed in the wastewater containing 5~80 g/L NaCl with a wide pH value range of 2.11~9.02, and the degradation processes follow the pseudofirst-order reaction kinetics. Active species trapping experiments confirm that the degradation of methylene blue is mainly attributed to hydroxyl radical; besides, O₂^▪− and hole (h⁺) also play important roles. Chlorine ions have dual effects in photocatalytic reactions. This work could provide a new approach to construct new heterojunction photocatalysts and a deeper insight for the treatment of hypersaline dye wastewater.     

磁性光催化剂BiVO_4/Fe_3O_4降解亚甲基蓝的研究

本文用超声法将磁基体Fe3O4与BiVO4复合,制备了易于固液分离的磁性可见光催化剂BiVO4/Fe3O4,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等手段对样品的结构和形貌进行表征。以亚甲基蓝为降解对象,考察了BiVO4/Fe3O4的可见光催化活性,并研究了光催化体系中光催化剂用量、亚甲基蓝初始浓度、溶液的pH值、电子受体的存在对光催化过程的影响。结果表明,催化剂的最佳用量为2.0g/L,亚甲基蓝最佳初始浓度为10mg/L,溶液的最佳pH值为11,加入电子受体K2S2O8时,亚甲基蓝几乎完全降解。催化剂回收后连续使用3次,降解率仍然大于80%。     

Study of adsorption of methylene blue and new methylene blue in liquid-solid interface by slab optical waveguide spectroscopy

A slab optical waveguide (SOWG) has been used for study of adsorption of both methylene blue (MB) and new methylene blue (NMB) in liquid–solid interface. Adsorption characteristics of MB and NMB on both bare SOWG and silanized SOWG by octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODS) were compared. Effect of pH on adsorption on MB and NMB was investigated. Binding rate constant analysis showed that both MB and NMB on bare SOWG demonstrates larger association constants than those on ODS-SOWG. Interactions of MB and NMB on bare SOWG and ODS-SOWG were analyzed by molecular mechanics calculation method. The binding energy change was in the following order: E_NMB–bare > E_MB–bare > E_NMB–ODS > E_MB–ODS.     

Facile preparation of MgAl2O4/CeO2/Mn3O4 heterojunction photocatalyst and enhanced photocatalytic activity

Novel Mn₃O₄-promoted double p?n junction MgAl₂O₄/CeO₂/Mn₃O₄ heterojunction photocatalyst was constructed by one-step synthesis method and two-step synthesis method. The X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical and photoluminescence demonstrated that the MgAl₂O₄/CeO₂/Mn₃O₄ heterojunction photocatalyst was synthesized by the two-step synthesis method comprehends a high crystallinity, charge carrier migration and separation efficiency, and relatively low optical absorption coefficient. The MgAl₂O₄/CeO₂/Mn₃O₄ heterojunction photocatalysts were efficiently used as simulated sunlight-driven n-n and p-n double junction photocatalyst for the simultaneous degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye. The continuous double p?n junction MgAl₂O₄/CeO₂/Mn₃O₄ heterojunctions strengthened the function of single n-n or p-n junction and guided the charge carrier migration and separation direction; thus, the oxidation and reduction reactions occur at the active site of spatial separation and prevent the recombination of electrons and holes. The results suggest that the continuous double p?n junction MgAl₂O₄/CeO₂/Mn₃O₄ heterojunctions are very promising candidate material for enhancing the photocatalytic activity in the photocatalytic degradation of MB dye.     

Developing high-quality g-C3N4 film electrode for the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in water

Developing a high-quality photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical applications is still an ongoing challenge. In this study, we prepared the g-C₃N₄ film on the indium tin oxide (ITO) glass through conventional coating, liquid-based growth, in-situ calcination, and vapor deposition methods, respectively. These electrodes were characterized and used as photoanodes to degrade methylene blue (MB) in water. Among these methods, the in-situ calcination method was most appropriate for preparing the continuous and organized g-C₃N₄ film electrodes with uniform g-C₃N₄ coverage and strong adhesion to the ITO substrate. It also had the highest activity in the photocatalytic (PC), electrochemical (EC), and photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) degradation processes of MB. In the PEC reaction, at an applied potential of 1.0 V and a light intensity of 0.96 W/cm², the removal rate of MB was 62.5%, which was much higher than those in the PC and EC reactions. The high degradation rate was due to the synergistic effect of PEC degradation, wherein the PC and EC reactions promote and optimize each other. In the PC reaction, MB was degraded by ?CH₃ elimination, while the EC degradation pathway mainly included the conversion of sulfhydryl into sulfoxide and the opening of the central aromatic ring. Both methyl loss and aromatic ring opening occurred in the PEC reaction. Moreover, some monocyclic compounds were formed, and MB showed more complete degradation in the PEC reaction.     

Facile synthesis of ZnO/CuO/Eu heterostructure photocatalyst for the degradation of industrial effluent

Zinc oxide-based ternary heterostructure ZnO/CuO/Eu(1%, 3%, and 5% of Eu) nanoparticles were effectively produced by employing Vigna unguiculata (cowpea)waste skin extract as fuel in a simple one-pot combustion process. The as-synthesized heterostructure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction studies, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, and High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy techniques. Besides, the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the as-obtained ternary nanocomposite was evaluated under UV light for the degradation of model organic pollutants including methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine-B (RB), and an effluent sample collected from the textile industrial waste. During this study, the effect of a variety of parameters on the photodegradation activity of the photocatalysts has been thoroughly evaluated, such as light source, catalyst dose, irradiation period, dye concentration, solution pH, etc. Under UV irradiation(100 mins), the ternary ZnO/CuO/Eu photocatalyst demonstrated excellent degradation activity of ～99 and ～93% for MB and RB, respectively, while for the industrial effluent, a decent degradation activity of 42% has been recorded. Further experiments have revealed a pH and concentration-dependent photocatalytic behavior of the heterostructure photocatalyst. Therefore, the results suggest that the heterostructure photocatalyst can be potentially applied for wastewater treatment and other environmental applications.     

MoO3改性的TiO2在可见光下催化降解亚甲基蓝

采用浸渍法制备了MoO₃/P25催化剂（MoO₃/P25（x）,x为MoO₃与P25质量比）,用X射线衍射、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、傅里叶变换红外光谱及拉曼光谱等手段对样品进行了表征,并用催化降解亚甲基蓝考察了催化剂在可见光区的催化活性。结果表明,MoO₃在P25表面最大单层负载量对应的MoO₃与P25质量比在0.1左右。单层分散的氧化钼物种与P25之间有较强的相互作用,降低了P25禁带宽度,提高了催化剂对可见光的吸收。当MoO₃与P25质量比大于0.1时,会生成晶相MoO₃,催化剂对可见光的吸收反而随MoO₃担载量增加而降低。催化剂禁带宽度不是决定其可见光下催化降解亚甲基蓝活性的唯一因素。具有适宜禁带宽度和一定晶相MoO₃含量的MoO₃/P25（0.25）表现出最佳活性。     

Preparation of ZnS-Fluoropolymer nanocomposites and its photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

The ZnS particles were immobilized on the surface of poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) mixing methacrylic acid (MAA)-trifluoroethyl acrylate (TFA) copolymer electrospun nanofibers. The PVDF and MAATFA copolymer nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. Zinc ions were introduced onto the surface of nanofibers by coordinating with the carboxyls of MAA, and then sulfide ions were added to react with zinc ions to form ZnS particles under hydrothermal condition. The size and the amount of ZnS particles increased with the reaction time prolonging. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results reveal that a chemical interaction exists between ZnS and fluoropolymer fibers. The degradation rate of methylene blue in ZnS-fluoropolymer nanocomposite system was considerably higher than in that of ZnS powders system under UV irradiation. There may be an adsorption-migration-photodegradation process during the degradation of methylene blue by using ZnS-fluoropolymer nanocomposites as photocatalyst. The photocatalytic activity of ZnS-fluoropolymer nanocomposites changes indistinctively after 10 times repeating tests.     

Synthesis,structural characterization and reactivity of manganese tungstate nanoparticles in the oxidative degradation of methylene blue

Nanoparticles of manganese tungstate (MnWO₄) were prepared via an impregnation method using Mn(NO₃)₂·4H₂O and WO₃ as a source of Mn and W, respectively. The morphology of the manganese tungstate nanoparticles was studied in detail by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). MnWO₄ nanoparticles showed severe catalytic performances for the degradation of organic dye (methylene blue, MB) in the presence of tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide, TBHP, as the oxidant at room temperature in water.     

Development of a novel electrochemical cell for slab optical waveguide spectroscopy for in situ observation of methylene blue and anions on an electrode/electrolyte interface

A new spectroelectrochemical cell for slab optical waveguide (SOWG) spectroscopy was developed in order to observe in situ an electrode/electrolyte interface for bulk electrolysis. The new SOWG spectroelectrochemical cell has been evaluated by simultaneous electrochemical-absorption experiments of methylene blue (MB) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and SOWG spectrometry. CV was performed in the SOWG spectroelectrochemical cell using indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass as the working electrode, platinum wire as the counter electrode and a silver/silver chloride electrode (Ag/AgCl) as the reference electrode. Based on the CV and SOWG spectrometric data, it was found that the SOWG spectra showed the MB spectra on the electrode surface selectively and that SOWG with the cell would be useful as a tool for in situ study of an electrode/electrolyte interface. Using this cell, the effects of the supporting electrolytes, NaNO₃, KNO₃, CH₃COONa, and CH₃COOK on the absorbance of MB were examined at the potential of +0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl. The decrease in MB absorbance by nitrate ions was greater than that of acetate ions. Therefore the competitive adsorption of nitrate ions was stronger than that of acetate ions. Thus, the decrease in absorbance of MB in the presence of anions demonstrates the competitive adsorption of anions. These results show that the extent of specific adsorption of electrolytes was observed by measuring the SOWG absorbance intensity of MB.     

梯型BiVO4/Ag3VO4光催化剂的构建及其可见光光催化性能

近年来,有机污染物的问题变得越来越严重.为了解决该问题,人们研究和开发了许多有效的光催化剂.本工作采用水热法和化学沉积法合成了BiVO4/Ag3VO4梯型半导体材料,该复合材料在可见光下具有很强的氧化还原能力.其中40%BiVO4/Ag3VO4具有最佳的光催化降解性能,其降解速率为0.05588 min^-1,分别是BiVO4和Ag3VO4的22.76和1.76倍.并且其性能稳定,经过四次循环后其降解率仍可保持90%以上.BiVO4和Ag3VO4复合后,其催化性能得到增强,归因于形成了新型的梯型光催化机制,该方法促进了光生电荷的分离并延长了电荷的寿命,且通过PL测试和瞬态光电流响应证明了电荷的有效转移.X射线衍射(XRD)可以观察到Ag3VO4和BiVO4物相,没有其他成分.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)进一步观察了该催化剂的结构和形貌,从SEM可以看出,Ag3VO4生长在BiVO4的上面,能谱分析也证明该催化剂仅包含Ag3VO4和BiVO4的各种元素,而不含其他杂质,TEM进一步证明了两种物质复合在一起,而不是机械混合.通过紫外-可见光漫反射光谱(UV-vis)测试可以得到BiVO4和Ag3VO4的吸收带边,进一步计算BiVO4的带隙和导带分别为2.41和0.455 eV,Ag3VO4的带隙和导带分别为2.20和0.04 eV,二者组成的异质结的带隙满足降解的条件.用荧光光谱(PL)和光电流研究了样品的光电特征,结果表明BiVO4/Ag3VO4光催化剂具有很高的载流子分离效率和很低的光电流电阻,这有助于光生载流子的运输.光催化降解甲基蓝实验表明,BiVO4/Ag3VO4具有很强的光催化降解速率(0.05588 min^-1),是BiVO4的22.6倍,Ag3VO4的1.76倍,而且经过四次循环后仍能保持很高的活性.通过XRD发现使用后的催化剂并没有发生变化,说明该催化剂具有良好的稳定性.高分辨X射线光电子能谱(XPS)不仅进一步说明了该催化剂成功复合后没有其他杂质元素,而且从各元素的结合能变化可以看出构成异质结后电子的流向,证实了光催化机制为梯型机制.光照射后,BiVO4和Ag3VO4产生电子空穴对,当催化剂受光激发后,电子从价带被激发到导带,并在价带留下空穴.当BiVO4和Ag3VO4复合后,在接触界面形成内电场,由于库仑相互作用,能带边缘弯曲等作用加速了Ag3VO4价带上某些空穴和BiVO4导带上电子的复合,从而阻止了Ag3VO4和BiVO4内部电子空穴对的复合,这有助于Ag3VO4导带上的电子和BiVO4价带上的空穴参与氧化还原反应.从捕获实验可以看出,本实验中空穴在光催化降解中起着最重要的作用,这与上述结论一致.     

Studies on hydrothermal synthesis of photolumniscent rare earth (Eu3+ & Tb3+) doped NG@FeMoO4 for enhanced visible light photodegradation of methylene blue dye

FeMoO₄ nanorods and their rare earth (Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺) doped composites with nitrogen doped graphene (NG) were synthesized by facile hydrothermal method in aqueous medium. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the as-synthesized samples was done to study the phase purity and crystalline nature. FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy have been studied for investigating the bonding in nanostructures. The surface morphology of the samples was investigated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photolumniscent nature of the samples was investigated by the using the fluorescence spectrophotometer. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the prepared pure FeMoO₄ and its rare earth doped composites with nitrogen doped graphene was evaluated as function of visible light irradiation versus concentration of methylene blue (MB dye). The prepared nanocomposites show enhanced photocatalytic efficiency as compared to the bare FeMoO₄ nanorods.     

Comparative study for the removal of methylene blue via adsorption and photocatalytic degradation

Physically and chemically activated carbons were prepared from date pits and olive stones. Titania and WO(x)-TiO(2)/MCM-41 were prepared as photoactive catalysts. Surface characterizations were investigated from ash content, pH, base neutralization capacities and FT-IR techniques. The textural characteristics, namely specific surface area (S(BET)) and pore texture, were determined from low temperature adsorption of N(2) at 77 K. The decolorization of aqueous solution of methylene blue was performed by means of two alternative methods. Steam-activated carbons own higher surface area compared with ZnCl(2)-activated carbons, and the micropore surface area represents the major contribution of the total area. Steam-activated carbons were the most efficient decolorizing adsorbents owing to its higher surface area, total pore volume and the basic nature of the surface. The calculated values of DeltaG(0), DeltaH(0) and DeltaS(0) indicate the spontaneous behavior of adsorption. The photocatalytic degradation is more convenient method in decolorizing of methylene blue compared with the adsorption process onto activated carbons.     

Preparation Bi2S3-TiO2 heterojunction/polymer ?ber composites and its photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under Xe lamp irradiation

This paper presented the preparation of Bi₂S₃-TiO₂ heterojunction/polymer ?ber composites and their performance of the degradation of methylene blue using Xe lamp irradiation. The polysulphone (PSU)/styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) ?bers were prepared by electrospinning. Bismuth ions were introduced onto the surface of polymer ?ber by the coordinating of carboxyl of SMA, sul?de ions were incorporated to react with bismuth ions under hydrothermal condition. TiO₂ was deposited on the surface of the Bi₂S₃ by the reaction of titanium ions with urea also under hydrothermal condition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) images revealed that Bi₂S₃-TiO₂ heterojunction was uniformly distributed on the surface of PSU/SMA ?bers. The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra (UV/VIS) showed that the Bi₂S₃-TiO₂ heterojunction/polymer ?ber composites possess good visible-light response ability. The degradation rate of methylene blue in Bi₂S₃-TiO₂ heterojunction/polymer ?ber composites system was considerably higher than that of Degussa P25 or Bi₂S₃-TiO₂ heterojunction system under Xe lamp irradiation.     

Facile synthesis and characterization of Fe2O3 nanoparticles using L-lysine and L-serine for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye

In this work, Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, abbreviated as OL and OS, were facilely synthesized by the combustion procedure using L-lysine and L-serine as organic fuels, respectively. Also, the OL and OS samples were identified using different instruments such as Raman spectrometer, FT-IR spectrophotometer, UV–Vis spectrophotometer, XRD, HR-TEM, BET surface area, and FE-SEM. The XRD confirmed that the mean grain size of OL and OS samples is 42.23 and 33.16 nm, respectively. The HR-TEM images confirmed that irregular, hexagonal, and spherical shapes, have an average diameter of 39.13 and 34.28 nm, were observed in the OL and OS samples, respectively. The BET surface area of the OL and OS samples is 16.20 and 28.34 m²/g, respectively. Additionally, the OL and OS samples were accomplished for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye in the absence and presence of hydrogen peroxide. The % degradation of 45 mL of 25 mg/L of methylene blue dye in the case of using OL and OS samples in the absence of hydrogen peroxide is 55.23 and 63.64 % after 120 min, respectively. Also, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the % degradation in the case of using OL and OS samples is 100 % after 35 and 25 min, respectively.     

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,and Spectroscopic Characterization of Na5[NiO2][CO3], containing the Linear [NiO2]3– Group with Monovalent Nickel

For the first time ruby‐red single crystals and powder samples of Na₅[NiO₂][CO₃] were obtained via a redox reaction between nickel metal and CdO in the presence of Na₂O and Na₂CO₃ (molar ratios of CdO : Na₂O : Na₂CO₃ equal 1 : 3 : 2). The crystal structure has been refined from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data at 170 K (tetragonal, P4/mmm, a = 462.7(1) pm, c = 830.5(2) pm) and at 293 K (a = 462.35(7) pm, c = 830.9(1) pm). Na₅[NiO₂][CO₃] is the first example of an alkaline‐rich transition metal oxide with two different oxoanions, [NiO₂]^3– and [CO₃]^2–, coexisting in one compound. The electronic spectrum of Na₅[NiO₂][CO₃] has been measured between 4000 and 25000 cm^–1. Two d‐d‐transitions of the linear [NiO₂]^3– complex (d⁹) are observed at 5870 cm^–1 and 11850 cm^–1 and analysed using the angular overlap model. MIR and FIR spectra give evidence for the [CO₃]^2– anion present in the structure.     

Novel ternary g-C3N4/Ag3VO4/AgBr nanocomposites with excellent visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance for environmental applications

Novel visible-light-induced photocatalysts were fabricated by integration of Ag₃VO₄ and AgBr semiconductors with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) through a facile refluxing method. The fabricated photocatalysts were extensively characterized by XRD, EDX, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, UV–vis DRS, BET, TGA, and PL instruments. The photocatalytic performance of these samples was studied by degradations of three dye contaminants under visible-light exposure. Among the ternary photocatalysts, the g-C₃N₄/Ag₃VO₄/AgBr (10%) nanocomposite displayed the maximum activity for RhB degradation with rate constant of 1366.6 × 10⁻⁴ min⁻¹, which is 116, 7.23, and 38.5 times as high as those of the g-C₃N₄, g-C₃N₄/AgBr (10%), and g-C₃N₄/Ag₃VO₄ (30%) photocatalysts, respectively. The effects of synthesis time and calcination temperature were also investigated and discussed. Furthermore, according to the trapping experiments, it was found that superoxide anion radicals were the predominant reactive species in this system. Finally, the ternary photocatalyst displayed superlative activity in removal of the contaminants under visible-light exposure, displaying great potential of this ternary photocatalyst for environmental remediation, because of a facile synthesis route and outstanding photocatalytic performance.