The Riesz Basis Property of an Indefinite Sturm–Liouville Problem with Non-Separated Boundary Conditions

We consider a regular indefinite Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue problem ?f′′ + q f = λ r f on [a, b] subject to general self-adjoint boundary conditions and with a weight function r which changes its sign at finitely many, so-called turning points. We give sufficient and in some cases necessary and sufficient conditions for the Riesz basis property of this eigenvalue problem. In the case of separated boundary conditions we extend the class of weight functions r for which the Riesz basis property can be completely characterized in terms of the local behavior of r in a neighborhood of the turning points. We identify a class of non-separated boundary conditions for which, in addition to the local behavior of r in a neighborhood of the turning points, local conditions on r near the boundary are needed for the Riesz basis property. As an application, it is shown that the Riesz basis property for the periodic boundary conditions is closely related to a regular HELP-type inequality without boundary conditions.     

Estimation of urban traffic conditions using an Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) System

The aim of this paper is to develop an Information Extension Model (IEM) which uses location data of bus fleets (AVL data) to estimate road traffic conditions and provide input for implementing control strategies. The IEM consists of three sub-models: the Link Traffic Condition Model (LTCM), the AVL Adaptation Model (AVLAM) and the Network Traffic Condition Model (NTCM). The first provides road traffic conditions as a function of mass-transit traffic conditions in the case of shared lanes, the second provides mass-transit traffic conditions as a function of AVL data, and the last provides road traffic conditions over the whole road network as a function of mass-transit traffic conditions.     

Stability of stationary solutions of a semilinear parabolic partial differential equation

We consider a parabolic partial differential equation u_t = u_xx + f(u) on a compact interval of spatial variable x with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The stability of stationary solutions of this system is studied by the use of Liapunov's second method. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability, asymptotic stability, neutral stability, instability, and conditional stability. These conditions are closely connected with the conditions for the existence of the stationary solutions.     

The Finite Spectrum of Sturm–Liouville Problems with Transmission Conditions and Eigenparameter-Dependent Boundary Conditions

We study the finite spectrum of Sturm–Liouville problems with transmission conditions and eigenparameter-dependent boundary conditions. For any positive integers m and n, we construct a class of regular Sturm–Liouville problems with transmission conditions and eigenparameter-dependent boundary conditions, which have at most m + n + 4 eigenvalues.     

Sufficiency and game structure in Nash open-loop differential games

This note deals with the following problem inN-player Nash open-loop differential games: Which conditions on the Hamiltonians will simplify the verification of the sufficient conditions? In the class of games with Hamiltonians linear in the state, and where the state is separated from the control of playeri in the Hamiltonian of this player, the first-order and second-order conditions for an extremum of the Hamiltonian of playeri also constitute a set of sufficient conditions.     

Closure theorems without seminormality conditions

The authors give a variety of conditions under which there is no need to explicity require seminormality conditions in closure and lower closure theorems, and corresponding lower semicontinuity theorems. Both Lipschitz-type conditions and growth-type conditions are taken into consideration in classesL _p andL _∞ .     

Nonsingular solutions of TA−BT=C

When A, B and C are given square matrices and C is of rank one, sufficient conditions are given for every solution to be nonsingular when solutions exist. When C has arbitrary rank, some sufficient conditions are given; and when, additionally, A and B have disjoint spectra, necessary conditions are given.     

Coincidences among skew Schur functions

New sufficient conditions and necessary conditions are developed for two skew diagrams to give rise to the same skew Schur function. The sufficient conditions come from a variety of new operations related to ribbons (also known as border strips or rim hooks). The necessary conditions relate to the extent of overlap among the rows or among the columns of the skew diagram.     

Exit time and invariant measure asymptotics for small noise constrained diffusions

Constrained diffusions, with diffusion matrix scaled by small ?>0, in a convex polyhedral cone G⊂R^k, are considered. Under suitable stability assumptions small noise asymptotic properties of invariant measures and exit times from domains are studied. Let B⊂G be a bounded domain. Under conditions, an “exponential leveling” property that says that, as ?→0, the moments of functionals of exit location from B, corresponding to distinct initial conditions, coalesce asymptotically at an exponential rate, is established. It is shown that, with appropriate conditions, difference of moments of a typical exit time functional with a sub-logarithmic growth, for distinct initial conditions in suitable compact subsets of B, is asymptotically bounded. Furthermore, as initial conditions approach 0 at a rate ?² these moments are shown to asymptotically coalesce at an exponential rate.     

Chain conditions for C*-algebras coming from Hilbert C*-modules

In this paper we define and study chain conditions for Hilbert C*-modules through their C*-algebras of compact operators and discuss their perseverance under Morita equivalence and tensor products. We show that these chain conditions are passed from the C*-algebra to its Hilbert module under certain conditions. We also study chain conditions for Hilbert modules coming from inclusion of C*-algebra with a faithful conditional expectation.     

Stochastic viability of convex sets

We investigate necessary and sufficient conditions for viability of a closed convex set K under weak solutions of a stochastic differential equation. These conditions are expressed in terms of the distance function to K. When in addition the boundary of K is smooth, then our necessary and sufficient conditions reduce to two relations that have to be verified just on the boundary of K.     

On some properties of generalized solutions of the wave equation in the classes L p and W p 1 for p ≥ 1

For each p ≥ 1, in closed analytic form, we establish the existence of a unique generalized solution in L _p of the mixed problem for the wave equation in the rectangle [0 ≤ x ≤ 1] × [0 ≤ t ≤ T] with zero initial conditions and with boundary conditions of the first kind, one of which is homogeneous. Next, we derive necessary conditions for this solution to belong to W _p ¹ . We present examples showing that these necessary conditions are not sufficient for any p ≥ 1.     

The Eigenvalue Problem for a One-Dimensional Differential Operator with a Variable Coefficient and Nonlocal Integral Conditions*

We consider conditions for the existence of the eigenvalue λ = 0 in the eigenvalue problem for a differential operator with a variable coefficient and integral conditions. We analyze how these conditions depend on such properties of the coefficient p(x) as monotonicity and symmetry and observe some other properties of the spectrum of the eigenvalue problem. Particularly, we show by a numerical experiment that the fundamental theorem on the increase of the eigenvalues in the case of increasing coefficient p(x) is not valid for the eigenvalue problem with nonlocal conditions.     

Vanishing components in autonomous competitive Lotka-Volterra systems

Sufficient conditions are found for an n-dimensional autonomous competitive Lotka-Volterra system to have a component vanishing in an exponential rate as t→∞. These conditions incorporate a typical known result in the literature as a particular case. Moreover, if the n-dimensional system degenerates asymptotically to an m-dimensional subsystem as t→∞, then, under these conditions on the subsystem, the property that the ith component of every solution of the subsystem vanishes in an exponential rate is also preserved for the n-dimensional system.     

Contractive maps on normed linear spaces and their applications to nonlinear matrix equations

In this paper we will give necessary and sufficient conditions under which a map is a contraction on a certain subset of a normed linear space. These conditions are already well known for maps on intervals in R. Using the conditions and Banach’s fixed point theorem we can prove a fixed point theorem for operators on a normed linear space. The fixed point theorem will be applied to the matrix equation X = I_n + A^∗f(X)A, where f is a map on the set of positive definite matrices induced by a real valued map on (0, ∞). This will give conditions on A and f under which the equation has a unique solution in a certain set. We will consider two examples of f in detail. In one example the application of the fixed point theorem is the first step in proving that the equation has a unique positive definite solution under the conditions on A.     

Existence of generalized Bhaskar Rao designs with block size 3

There are well-known necessary conditions for the existence of a generalized Bhaskar Rao design over a group G, with block size k=3. The recently proved Hall-Paige conjecture shows that these are sufficient when v=3 and λ=|G|. We prove these conditions are sufficient in general when v=3, and also when |G| is small, or when G is dicyclic. We summarize known results supporting the conjecture that these necessary conditions are always sufficient when k=3.     

Representability theorems for presheaves of spectra

Suppose that M is a simplicial model category and that F is a contravariant simplicial functor defined on M which takes values in pointed simplicial sets. This note displays conditions on the simplicial model category M and the functor F such that F is representable up to weak equivalence. The conditions on F are homotopy coherent versions of the classical conditions for Brown representability, while M should have the fundamental properties of the stable model structure for presheaves of spectra on a Grothendieck site.     

Asymptotic behavior for differences of eigenvalues of two Sturm-Liouville problems with smooth potentials

The asymptotics for the differences of the eigenvalues of two Sturm-Liouville problems defined on [0,π] with the same boundary conditions and different smooth potentials is considered. Under the assumptions of that both problems with a suite of boundary conditions have the same one full spectrum and both potential functions and their derivatives are the same at the endpoint x=π, the asymptotic expressions associated with other boundary conditions are provided.     

Reversible and symmetric rings

We determine the precise relationships among three ring-theoretic conditions: duo, reversible, and symmetric. The conditions are also studied for rings without unity, and the effects of adjunction of unity are considered.     

Approximation and optimization of Darboux type differential inclusions with set-valued boundary conditions

The present paper is devoted to an optimal control problem given by hyperbolic discrete (P _D ) and differential inclusions (P _C ) of generalized Darboux type and ordinary discrete inclusions. The results are extended to non-convex problems. An approach concerning necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality is proposed. In order to formulate sufficient conditions of optimality for problem (P _C ) the approximation method is used. Formulation of these conditions is based on locally adjoint mappings. Moreover for construction of adjoint partial differential inclusions the equivalence theorems of locally adjoint mappings are proved. One example with homogeneous boundary conditions is considered.