Outer synchronization between two different fractional-order general complex dynamical networks

Outer synchronization between two different fractional-order general complex dynamical networks is investigated in this paper.Based on the stability theory of the fractional-order system,the sufficient criteria for outer synchronization are derived analytically by applying the nonlinear control and the bidirectional coupling methods.The proposed synchronization method is applicable to almost all kinds of coupled fractional-order general complex dynamical networks.Neither a symmetric nor irreducible coupling configuration matrix is required.In addition,no constraint is imposed on the inner-coupling matrix.Numerical examples are also provided to demonstrate the validity of the presented synchronization scheme.Numeric evidence shows that both the feedback strength k and the fractional order α can be chosen appropriately to adjust the synchronization effect effectively.     

The effect of finite response–time in coupled dynamical systems

The paper investigates synchronization in unidirectionally coupled dynamical systems wherein the influence of drive on response is cumulative: coupling signals are integrated over a time interval τ. A major consequence of integrative coupling is that the onset of the generalized and phase synchronization occurs at higher coupling compared to the instantaneous (τ?=?0) case. The critical coupling strength at which synchronization sets in is found to increase with τ. The systems explored are the chaotic Rössler and limit cycle (the Landau–Stuart model) oscillators. For coupled Rössler oscillators the region of generalized synchrony in the phase space is intercepted by an asynchronous region which corresponds to anomalous generalized synchronization.     

强耦合混沌系统中的近似同步

以单向驱动耦合Lorenz振子一维链为研究对象，研究振子间的混沌同步行为. 数值计算结果表明，对于变量y驱动x的耦合方式，在合适的耦合强度下，会出现第一个振子和第二个振子不同步，而与次近邻非直接连接的振子(如第三个振子)近似同步. 进一步研究表明，出现这一现象的原因是在大耦合强度下，对于这种驱动方式，第一个振子和第二个振子间出现驱动单变量近似同步；虽然它们之间未出现所有变量的完全同步，但是驱动信号事实上已经传递下去了. 关键词： Lorenz振子 混沌同步 近似同步     

耦合不连续系统同步转换过程中的多吸引子共存

本文研究了耦合不连续系统的同步转换过程中的动力学行为, 发现由混沌非同步到混沌同步的转换过程中特殊的多吸引子共存现象. 通过计算耦合不连续系统的同步序参量和最大李雅普诺夫指数随耦合强度的变化, 发现了较复杂的同步转换过程: 临界耦合强度之后出现周期非同步态(周期性窗口); 分析了系统周期态的迭代轨道,发现其具有两类不同的迭代轨道: 对称周期轨道和非对称周期轨道, 这两类周期吸引子和同步吸引子同时存在, 系统表现出对初值敏感的多吸引子共存现象. 分析表明, 耦合不连续系统中的周期轨道是由于局部动力学的不连续特性和耦合动力学相互作用的结果. 最后, 对耦合不连续系统的同步转换过程进行了详细的分析, 结果表明其同步呈现出较复杂的转换过程.     

Design of multistable systems via partial synchronization

Many researchers introduce schemes for designing multistable systems by coupling two identical systems. In this paper, we introduce a generalized scheme for designing multistable systems by coupling two different dynamical systems. The basic idea of the scheme is to design partial synchronization of states between the coupled systems and finding some completely initial condition-dependent constants of motion. In our scheme, we synchronize i number (\(1\le i \le m-1\)) of state variables completely and keep constant difference between j (\(1\le j\le m-1\), \(i+j=m\)) number of state variables of two coupled m-dimensional different dynamical systems to obtain multistable behaviour. We illustrate our scheme for coupled Lorenz and Lu systems. Numerical simulation results consisting of phase diagram, bifurcation diagram and maximum Lyapunov exponents are presented to show the effectiveness of our scheme.     

模态分解法在非恒同耦合系统同步研究中的推广

通过改变耦合函数将模态分解法进行了推广,应用于非恒同耦合系统同步的研究.详细研究了周期吸引子、概周期吸引子等非恒同耦合系统的同步,得到了同步的局部渐近稳定性条件.并进行了数值模拟,发现同步时动力学现象丰富.概周期吸引子耦合系统会出现稳定的周期、概周期同步解,由于耦合周期吸引子耦合系统会出现多个稳定的周期同步解,且其吸引域差别较大,均出现了同步的多值性.同时也验证了该方法的正确性.     

Model glasses coupled to two different heat baths

In a p-spin interaction spherical spin-glass model both the spins and the couplings are allowed to change with time. The spins are coupled to a heat bath with temperature T, while the coupling constants are coupled to a bath having temperature T_J. In an adiabatic limit (where relaxation time of the couplings is much larger that of the spins) we construct a generalized two-temperature thermodynamics. It involves entropies of the spins and the coupling constants. The application for spin-glass systems leads to a standard replica theory with a non-vanishing number of replicas, n=T/T _J . For p>2 there occur at low temperatures two different glassy phases, depending on the value of n. The obtained first-order transitions have positive latent heat, and positive discontinuity of the total entropy. This is an essentially non-equilibrium effect. The dynamical phase transition exists only for n<1. For p=2 correlation of the disorder (leading to a non-zero n) removes the known marginal stability of the spin glass phase. If the observation time is very large there occurs no finite-temperature spin glass phase. In this case there are analogies with the non-equilibrium (aging) dynamics. A generalized fluctuation-dissipation relation is derived. Received 12 July 1999 and Received in final form 8 December 1999     

Effect of noise on coupled chaotic systems

The effect of noise in inducing order on various chaotically evolving systems is reviewed, with special emphasis on systems consisting of coupled chaotic elements. In many situations it is observed that the uncoupled elements when driven by identical noise, show synchronization phenomena where chaotic trajectories exponentially converge towards a single noisy trajectory, independent of the initial conditions. In a random neural network, with infinite range coupling, chaos is suppressed due to noise and the system evolves towards a fixed point. Spatiotemporal stochastic resonance phenomenon has been observed in a square array of coupled threshold devices where a temporal characteristic of the system resonates at a given noise strength. In a chaotically evolving coupled map lattice with the logistic map as local dynamics and driven by identical noise at each site, we report that the number ofstructures (a structure is a group of neighbouring lattice sites for values of the variable follow which the certain predefined pattern) follows a power-law decay with the length of the structure. An interesting phenomenon, which we callstochastic coherence, is also reported in which the abundance and lifetimes of these structures show characteristic peaks at some intermediate noise strength.     

An approach for characterizing coupling in dynamical systems

The study of coupling in dynamical systems dates back to Christian Hyugens who, in 1665, discovered that pendulum clocks with the same length pendulum synchronize when they are near to each other. In that case the observed synchronous motion was out of phase. In this paper we propose a new approach for measuring the degree of coupling and synchronization of a dynamical system consisting of interacting subsystems. The measure is based on quantifying the active degrees of freedom (e.g. correlation dimension) of the coupled system and the constituent subsystems. The time-delay embedding scheme is extended to coupled systems and used for attractor reconstruction of the coupled dynamical system. We use the coupled Lorenz, Rossler and Hénon model systems with a coupling strength variable for evaluation of the proposed approach. Results show that we can measure the active degrees of freedom of the coupled dynamical systems and can quantify and distinguish the degree of synchronization or coupling in each of the dynamical systems studied. Furthermore, using this approach the direction of coupling can be determined.     

耦合振子系统的多稳态同步分析

本文讨论了一维闭合环上Kuramoto相振子在非对称耦合作用下同步区域出现的多定态现象. 研究发现在振子数N≤3情形下系统不会出现多态现象, 而N≥4多振子系统则呈现规律的多同步定态. 我们进一步对耦合振子系统中出现的多定态规律及定态稳定性进行了理论分析, 得到了定态渐近稳定解. 数值模拟多体系统发现同步区特征和理论描述相一致. 研究结果显示在绝热条件下随着耦合强度的减小, 系统从不同分支的同步态出发最终会回到同一非同步态. 这说明, 耦合振子系统在非同步区由于运动的遍历性而只具有单一的非同步态, 在发生同步时由于遍历性破缺会产生多个同步定态的共存现象.     

不同耦合下混沌神经元网络的同步

采用Hindmarsh-Rose神经元动力学模型, 对二维点阵上的神经元网络的同步进行了研究. 为了解不同耦合对网络同步的影响, 提出了一般反馈耦合、分层反馈耦合和分层局域平均场反馈耦合三种方案.研究表明:在耦合强度较小的近邻耦合下, 一般反馈耦合不能使网络达到完全同步, 而分层反馈耦合和分层局域平均场反馈耦合可以使网络出现局部同步和全局同步. 不同形式的耦合会导致网络出现不同的斑图, 随着耦合强度的增大, 网络从不同步到同步的过程也不相同, 一般反馈耦合和分层反馈耦合网络是突然出现全局同步, 同步之前网络出现非周期性的相干斑图; 对于分层局域平均场反馈耦合网络, 同层神经元之间先出现从簇放电同步到同步的转变, 形成靶波, 然后同步区由中心向外逐渐扩大, 最终达到网络的全局同步. 这些结果表明, 只有适当的耦合才能实现信号的无损耗的传递. 此外我们发现分层局域平均场反馈耦合可以促进网络的同步.     

Electronically-implemented coupled logistic maps

The logistic map is a paradigmatic dynamical system originally conceived to model thediscrete-time demographic growth of a population, which shockingly, shows that discretechaos can emerge from trivial low-dimensional non-linear dynamics. In this work, we designand characterize a simple, low-cost, easy-to-handle, electronic implementation of thelogistic map. In particular, our implementation allows for straightforwardcircuit-modifications to behave as different one-dimensional discrete-time systems. Also,we design a coupling block in order to address the behavior of two coupled maps, although,our design is unrestricted to the discrete-time system implementation and it can begeneralized to handle coupling between many dynamical systems, as in a complex system. Ourfindings show that the isolated and coupled maps’ behavior has a remarkable agreementbetween the experiments and the simulations, even when fine-tuning the parameters with aresolution of ~10^-3. We support these conclusions by comparing the Lyapunovexponents, periodicity of the orbits, and phase portraits of the numerical andexperimental data for a wide range of coupling strengths and map’s parameters.     

一个全局耦合不连续映像格子中的冻结化随机图案模式

本文研究了一类既不连续又不可逆分段线性映像构成的全局耦合映像格子系统中的一类典型集体动力学行为, 即冻结化随机图案模式. 计算了平均同步序参量和最大李雅普诺夫指数随耦合强度的变化. 结果显示, 当耦合强度超过某个阈值后, 在给定动力学变量的初始下, 系统几乎都能达到完全或部分同步状态, 出现冻结化随机图案. 这些现象表明, 耦合映像格子系统中存在着多个共存的吸引子. 因此, 其冻结化图案的结构和分布敏感地依赖于格点动力学变量初始值的选取. 感兴趣地是, 即使当单映像处于混沌状态时, 格点间的耦合仍能将系统调制到规则的运动状态, 这种特征对于混沌控制具有重要的利用价值. 上述丰富动力学行为的出现是由于单映像中不连续性和不可逆性相互作用的结果.     

Lorenz系统驱动声光双稳时空混沌系统并行同步的研究

研究了一个时间混沌系统驱动多个时空混沌系统的并行同步问题.以单模激光Lorenz系统和一维耦合映像格子为例,在单模激光Lorenz系统中提取一个混沌序列,通过与一维耦合映像格子中的状态变量耦合使单模激光Lorenz系统和多个同结构一维耦合映像格子同时达到广义同步,并且多个一维耦合映像格子之间实现完全并行同步.通过计算条件Lyapunov指数,可以得到并行同步所需反馈系数的取值范围.数值模拟证明了此方法的可行性和有效性.     

Synchronization and suppression of chaos in non-locally coupled map lattices

We considered coupled map lattices with long-range interactions to study the spatiotemporal behaviour of spatially extended dynamical systems. Coupled map lattices have been intensively investigated as models to understand many spatiotemporal phenomena observed in extended system, and consequently spatiotemporal chaos. We used the complex order parameter to quantify chaos synchronization for a one-dimensional chain of coupled logistic maps with a coupling strength which varies with the lattice in a power-law fashion. Depending on the range of the interactions, complete chaos synchronization and chaos suppression may be attained. Furthermore, we also calculated the Lyapunov dimension and the transversal distance to the synchronization manifold.     

Synchronization transitions in coupled time-delay electronic circuits with a threshold nonlinearity

Experimental observations of typical kinds of synchronization transitions are reported in unidirectionally coupled time-delay electronic circuits with a threshold nonlinearity and two time delays, namely feedback delay τ(1) and coupling delay τ(2). We have observed transitions from anticipatory to lag via complete synchronization and their inverse counterparts with excitatory and inhibitory couplings, respectively, as a function of the coupling delay τ(2). The anticipating and lag times depend on the difference between the feedback and the coupling delays. A single stability condition for all the different types of synchronization is found to be valid as the stability condition is independent of both the delays. Further, the existence of different kinds of synchronizations observed experimentally is corroborated by numerical simulations and from the changes in the Lyapunov exponents of the coupled time-delay systems.     

Synchronization of networks

We study the synchronization of coupled dynamical systems on networks. The dynamics is governed by a local nonlinear oscillator for each node of the network and interactions connecting different nodes via the links of the network. We consider existence and stability conditions for both single- and multi-cluster synchronization. For networks with time-varying topology we compare the synchronization properties of these networks with the corresponding time-average network. We find that if the different coupling matrices corresponding to the time-varying networks commute with each other then the stability of the synchronized state for both the time-varying and the time-average topologies are approximately the same. On the other hand, for non-commuting coupling matrices the stability of the synchronized state for the time-varying topology is in general better than the time-average topology.      

采用振幅耦合方法研究多旋转中心混沌振子的相同步

为了找到具有多个旋转中心的混沌系统的相同步与其动力学拓朴变化之间的对应关系，采用线性振幅线性耦合方法，研究了Lorenz系统和Duffing系统的相同步，首先对Lorenz系统和Duffing系统分别进行极坐标变换，在线性振幅耦合基础上计算了两个系统的平均旋转数和Lyapunov指数，发现，随耦合强度的增大，系统相同步与系统的Lyapunov指数跃变存在一一对应的关系，这表明具有多个旋转中心的混沌系统的相同步与系统动力学拓朴变化也存在着对应关系. 关键词： Lyapunov指数 振幅耦合 相同步     

Effect of noise on generalized synchronization of chaos: theory and experiment

The influence of noise on the generalized synchronization regime in the chaotic systems with dissipative coupling is considered. If attractors of the drive and response systems have an infinitely large basin of attraction, generalized synchronization is shown to possess a great stability with respect to noise. The reasons of the revealed particularity are explained by means of the modified system approach [A.E. Hramov, A.A. Koronovskii, Phys. Rev. E 71, 067201 (2005)] and confirmed by the results of numerical calculations and experimental studies. The main results are illustrated using the examples of unidirectionally coupled chaotic oscillators and discrete maps as well as spatially extended dynamical systems. Different types of the model noise are analyzed. Possible applications of the revealed particularity are briefly discussed.     

General synchronization dynamics of coupled Van der Pol–Duffing oscillators

This paper considers the general synchronization dynamics of coupled Van der Pol–Duffing oscillators. The linear and nonlinear stability analysis on the synchronization process is derived through the Whittaker method and the Floquet theory in addition to the multiple time scales method. A stability map displaying different dynamical states of the system is performed. Numerical simulation is carried out to support and to complement the accuracy of the analytical treatment.