Geometry of 2×2 Hermitian matrices II

Let Z be a field of characteristic ≠2, D be a quaternion division algebra over Z and have a nonstandard involution of the first kind. The fundamental theorem of geometry of 2× 2 Hermitian matrices over D are proved. Thus, if D is a quaternion division algebra over Z with an involution of the first kind, then the fundamental theorem of geometry of 2× 2 Hermitian matrices over D are obtained.     

Minimal Idempotents of Twisted Group Algebras of Cyclic 2-Groups

For a field K of characteristic different from 2, we find the explicit form of the minimal idempotents of the twisted group algebra K_tg of a cyclic 2-group g over K.AMS Subject Classification (1991): primary 16S35, secondary 16U60.Partially supported by the Fund “NIMP’’ of Plovdiv University.     

The automorphisms of Petit’s algebras

Let σ be an automorphism of a field K with fixed field F. We study the automorphisms of nonassociative unital algebras which are canonical generalizations of the associative quotient algebras K[t;σ]∕fK[t;σ] obtained when the twisted polynomial f∈K[t;σ] is invariant, and were first defined by Petit. We compute all their automorphisms if σ commutes with all automorphisms in Aut_F(K) and n≥m?1, where n is the order of σ and m the degree of f, and obtain partial results for n<m?1. In the case where K∕F is a finite Galois field extension, we obtain more detailed information on the structure of the automorphism groups of these nonassociative unital algebras over F. We also briefly investigate when two such algebras are isomorphic.     

Algebras with involution that become hyperbolic over the function field of a conic

We study central simple algebras with involution of the first kind that become hyperbolic over the function field of the conic associated to a given quaternion algebra Q. We classify these algebras in degree 4 and give an example of such a division algebra with orthogonal involution of degree 8 that does not contain (Q,⁻), even though it contains Q and is totally decomposable into a tensor product of quaternion algebras.     

Derivations nilpotent on subsets of prime rings

ABSTRACT

Let D be a division algebra with center F. Consider the group CK ₁(D) = D*/F*D′ where D* is the group of invertible elements of D and D′ is its commutator subgroup. In this note we shall show that, assuming a division algebra D is a product of cyclic algebras, the group CK ₁(D) is trivial if and only if D is an ordinary quaternion algebra over a real Pythagorean field F. We also characterize the cyclic central simple algebras with trivial CK ₁ and show that CK ₁ is not trivial for division algebras of index 4. Using valuation theory, the group CK ₁(D) is computed for some valued division algebras.

     

Free Structures in Division Rings

Makar–Limanov's conjecture states that, if a division ring D is finitely generated and infinite dimensional over its center k, then D contains a free k-subalgebra of rank 2. In this work, we will investigate the existence of such structures in D, the division ring of fractions of the skew polynomial ring L[t; σ], where t is a variable and σ is a k-automorphism of L. For instance, we prove Makar-Limanov's conjecture when either L is the function field of an abelian variety or the function field of the n-dimensional projective space.     

Division algebras with a projective basis

Letk be any field andG a finite group. Given a cohomology class α∈H ²(G,k ^*), whereG acts trivially onk ^*, one constructs the twisted group algebrak ^αG. Unlike the group algebrakG, the twisted group algebra may be a division algebra (e.g. symbol algebras, whereG⋞Z _n×Z_n). This paper has two main results: First we prove that ifD=k ^α G is a division algebra central overk (equivalentyD has a projectivek-basis) thenG is nilpotent andG’ the commutator subgroup ofG, is cyclic. Next we show that unless char(k)=0 and , the division algebraD=k ^α G is a product of cyclic algebras. Furthermore, ifD _p is ap-primary factor ofD, thenD _p is a product of cyclic algebras where all but possibly one are symbol algebras. If char(k)=0 and , the same result holds forD _p, p odd. Ifp=2 we show thatD ₂ is a product of quaternion algebras with (possibly) a crossed product algebra (L/k,β), Gal(L/k)⋞Z ₂×Z₂n.     

On the non-vanishing of the first Betti number of hyperbolic three manifolds

We show the non-vanishing of cohomology groups of sufficiently small congruence lattices in SL(1,D), where D is a quaternion division algebra defined over a number field E contained inside a solvable extension of a totally real number field. As a corollary, we obtain new examples of compact, arithmetic, hyperbolic three manifolds, with non-torsion first homology group, confirming a conjecture of Waldhausen. The proof uses the characterisation of the image of solvable base change by the author, and the construction of cusp forms with non-zero cusp cohomology by Labesse and Schwermer.Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 11F75, 22E40, 57M50Revised version: 18 February 2004     

Minimal non-group twisted subsets containing involutions

A subset K of a group G is said to be twisted if 1 ∈ K and xy⁻¹x ∈ K for any x, y ∈ K. We explore finite twisted subsets with involutions which are themselves not subgroups but every proper twisted subset of which is. Groups that are generated by such twisted subsets are classified. __________ Translated from Algebra i Logika, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 459–482, July–August, 2007.     

Twisted flag varieties of trialitarjan groups

For (A, σ) a central simple algebra of even degree with orthogonal involution, we present a method for constructing isotropic right ideals in the even Clifford algebra (C ₀(A, σ)σ) from isotropic right ideals in (A, σ). We then use this construction to fully describe the twisted flag varieties associated to algebraic groups of type D ₄ (including the trialitarian groups).     

Hermite Constants of Division Algebras

 We introduce a constant attached to a central division algebra D over a number field which is a generalization of the Hermite–Rankin constant. Geometrically, equals the maximum of minimal twisted heights of rational points of a generalized Brauer–Severi variety. We will deduce a duality result, an analog of Rankin’s inequality and an upper estimate for .     

On the Commutative Twisted Group Algebras

Let G be an abelian group and let R be a commutative ring with identity. Denote by R _t G a commutative twisted group algebra (a commutative twisted group ring) of G over R, by ?(R) and ?(R _t G) the nil radicals of R and R _t G, respectively, by G _p the p-component of G and by G ₀ the torsion subgroup of G. We prove that:

1. If R is a ring of prime characteristic p, the multiplicative group R* of R is p-divisible and ?(R) = 0, then there exists a twisted group algebra R _{t 1} (G/G _p ) such that R _t G/?(R _t G) ? R _{t 1} (G/G _p ) as R-algebras;

2. If R is a ring of prime characterisitic p and R* is p-divisible, then ?(R _t G) = 0 if and only if ?(R) = 0 and G _p  = 1; and

3. If B(R) = 0, the orders of the elements of G ₀ are not zero divisors in R, H is any group and the commutative twisted group algebra R _t G is isomorphic as R-algebra to some twisted group algebra R _{t 1} H, then R _t G ₀ ? R _{t 1} H ₀ as R-algebras.

     

A Note on Free Groups in the Ring of Fractions of Skew Polynomial Rings

Let L be a function field over the rationals and let D denote the skew field of fractions of L[t;σ], the skew polynomial ring in t, over L, with automorphism σ. We prove that the multiplicative group D ^× of D contains a free noncyclic subgroup.     

On some elements of the Brauer group of a conic

The main purpose of the paper is to strengthen previous author’s results. Let k be a field of characteristic ≠ 2, n ≥ 2. Suppose that elements are linearly independent over ℤ/2ℤ. We construct a field extension K/k and a quaternion algebra D = (u, v) over K such that

On absolute Galois splitting fields of central simple algebras

A splitting field of a central simple algebra is said to be absolute Galois if it is Galois over some fixed subfield of the centre of the algebra. The paper proves an existence theorem for such fields over global fields with enough roots of unity. As an application, all twisted function fields and all twisted Laurent series rings over symbol algebras (or p-algebras) over global fields are crossed products. An analogous statement holds for division algebras over Henselian valued fields with global residue field.The existence of absolute Galois splitting fields in central simple algebras over global fields is equivalent to a suitable generalization of the weak Grunwald-Wang theorem, which is proved to hold if enough roots of unity are present. In general, it does not hold and counter examples have been used in noncrossed product constructions. This paper shows in particular that a certain computational difficulty involved in the construction of explicit examples of noncrossed product twisted Laurent series rings cannot be avoided by starting the construction with a symbol algebra.     

Hermite Constants of Division Algebras

 We introduce a constant attached to a central division algebra D over a number field which is a generalization of the Hermite–Rankin constant. Geometrically, equals the maximum of minimal twisted heights of rational points of a generalized Brauer–Severi variety. We will deduce a duality result, an analog of Rankin’s inequality and an upper estimate for . Received 23 October 2000; in revised form 8 September 2001     

Free groups in a normal subgroup of the field of fractions of a skew polynomial ring

Let k(t) be the field of rational functions over the field k, let σ be a k-automorphism of K = k(t), let D = K(X;σ) be the ring of fractions of the skew polynomial ring K[X;σ], and let D^? be the multiplicative group of D. We show that if N is a noncentral normal subgroup of D^?, then N contains a free subgroup. We also prove that when k is algebraically closed and σ has infinite order, there exists a specialization from D to a quaternion algebra. This allows us to explicitly present free subgroups in D^?.     

Level-m scaled circulant factor matrices over the complex number field and the quaternion division algebra

The level-m scaled circulant factor matrix over the complex number field is introduced. Its diagonalization and spectral decomposition and representation are discussed. An explicit formula for the entries of the inverse of a level-m scaled circulant factor matrix is presented. Finally, an algorithm for finding the inverse of such matrices over the quaternion division algebra is given.     

New bases of some Hecke algebras via Soergel bimodules

For extra-large Coxeter systems (m(s,r)>3), we construct a natural and explicit set of Soergel bimodules D={Dw}_w∈W such that each Dw contains as a direct summand (or is equal to) the indecomposable Soergel bimodule Bw. When decategorified, we prove that D gives rise to a set {dw}_w∈W that is actually a basis of the Hecke algebra. This basis is close to the Kazhdan–Lusztig basis and satisfies a positivity condition.