锶热原子束二维准直的动力学过程的蒙特卡罗模拟及实验研究

在考虑随机因素的情况下, 应用蒙特卡罗方法在理论上详细研究了锶原子束二维激光准直的动力学过程. 综合考虑原子横向发散角、初始原子位置、纵向速度分布、同位素等因素, 获得了激光二维准直后的原子横向空间分布的模拟结果以及随准直光失谐、光功率等参量因素的变化. 通过与实验数据比较, 理论值和实验值很好相符, 显示蒙特卡罗方法可以精确地描述锶原子束二维准直的动力学过程. 为原子束激光二维准直的精确控制, 高精度原子钟系统的优化, 提供了一种理论分析方法. 关键词： 二维准直 蒙特卡罗方法 横向空间分布     

激光准直Cr原子束的实验研究

利用多普勒原理对Cr原子束进行横向准直.应用激光感生荧光技术稳定激光器的频率，把激光器的中心频率稳定在偏离Cr原子共振中心频率-5±0.26MHz的位置.根据理论计算出准直激光束的最小尺寸为13.7mm.根据实验数据选择合适的参数，实现利用多普勒原理横向准直Cr原子束，使原子束的横向分布缩小到原来的1/3. 关键词： 激光准直 激光感生荧光稳频 多普勒冷却     

激光冷却获得高亮度的亚稳态惰性气体原子束和原子阱

高强度的亚稳态惰性原子束流在原子分子物理实验研究中具有广泛的应用.使用射频电离方法和激光横向冷却技术制备了高强度的亚稳态氪原子束流,并使用数值模拟方法对横向冷却激光场中的原子径迹进行了分析.通过激光诱导荧光光谱方法测量原子束的束流特性,结果显示,横向冷却后在束流源下游230 cm处的原子束流强度达1.6atoms/(s*sr),束流强度提高了两个量级.利用这种高强度原子束流,我们成功囚禁了1.3×10¹⁰个亚稳态⁸⁴Kr原子,同时冷原子装载速率达到了3.0×10¹¹atoms/s;并利用该装置成功地实现了高亮度的亚稳态氩原子束和原子阱. 关键词： 横向冷却 原子束 原子阱 惰性气体     

大预准直狭缝的铬原子束一维多普勒激光准直

介绍了横向尺寸为5 mm的大尺寸预准直狭缝前提下,铬原子束的一维多普勒激光准直实验,研究了激光功率和作用区域对铬原子束激光准直效果的影响.从激光驻波场中原子所受的力出发,利用适当步长的四阶Runge-Kutta算法对实验进行理论模拟.理论结果和通过Matlab程序读取的实验结果都表明在这种大尺寸的预准直狭缝前提下,经激光准直后的原子束的横向分布被压缩的同时,峰值也被大大提高.在作用区域一定时,随着激光功率的增加准直原子束的半高宽有减小的趋势,峰值有增大的趋势;激光功率一定时,随着作用区域的增加激光功率的增 关键词： 铬原子束 光学粘胶 激光准直 激光稳频     

用完全非共振光驻波聚焦原子制作纳米结构分析

用完全非共振激光驻波场对热原子束实现纳米量级的聚焦，可以降低原子光刻试验的难度. 用蒙特卡罗算法和轨迹模拟法分析原子源对原子聚焦的影响，结果表明靶的有效尺寸对纳米 图形线宽的影响远大于原子束的发散角和原子的纵向速度分布. 提出几种改进试验的方法. 关键词： 完全非共振激光驻波场 原子聚焦 纳米结构制作     

激光准直铬原子束研究

利用多普勒原理对Cr原子束进行横向准直.为了得到好的激光准直效果必须首先把激光的中心频率稳定在偏离Cr原子共振中心频率－5±0.26 MHz的位置上.经过多次的理论与实验得出了优化的实验参量,并且得出如果探测光束与准直光束不平行会造成横向线宽的展宽.根据实验数据选择合适的实验参量,实现利用多普勒原理横向准直Cr原子束,得到准直后Cr原子束的横向发散角为0.48 mrad, 横向温度为265 μK.     

应用于铯原子喷泉钟的二维磁光阱研制

理论模拟研究了二维磁光阱原子束流量与饱和蒸汽压、冷却光强、激光失谐量的关系, 构建了二维磁光阱(2D-MOT)装置, 实验上实现了大流量的慢速原子束, 其测量值为2.1× 10⁹/s.利用荧光法测量了各实验参数与流量的关系, 测量结果与数值模拟结果符合较好. 关键词： 2D-MOT 流量 慢速原子束 铯原子喷泉钟     

量子模型分析激光驻波原子透镜的像差

采用量子模型对近共振激光驻波原子透镜会聚Cr原子束、形成纳米量级光栅结构的物理过程进行数值模拟。为提高原子透镜的成像质量,对各种像差,如衍射像差、球差、色差、及原子束发散角、原子磁支能级、原子同位素等因素引起的像差进行了理论分析。模拟结果表明,相比粒子光学模型,量子模型能更加精确地描述原子会聚结果,且能解释原子在驻波光场中的衍射现象。在各种像差中,原子束发散角是最主要的因素,其影响大于衍射像差、球差、色差。原子的磁支能级、同位素等因素对像差影响很小,可以忽略不计。激光冷却准直原子束的方法可以减小束发散角引起的像差,压缩原子速度Vz分布范围的方法可以减小色差。     

原子的激光冷却与捕陷（Ⅱ）

三、原子束的激光准直 上述激光减速原子束方法并不能得到很窄的原子束.相反,在减速途径上原子束会不断扩束.其原因:一是从束源出发时原子束总有原始发散角,束截面随路程增大;二是减速过程存在着横向加热效应.我们说原子在减速过程中因吸收反向光子而损失动量,而在各向同性的自发辐射中动量变化为零,这是统计平均的结果.”实际上每次具体发射时原子还是有动量变化的.这种变化的轴向分量最终导致纵向速率涨落,而横向分量会无规则地不断积累,最后使原子获得一平均横向速度υ.这就是横向加热.设减速过程中发生了n次吸收和发射光子的元动作,则为…     

高通量冷原子束流的实现与测量

我们在实验上基于铯原子的2D+磁光阱获得了通量为8.5×1010原子/s、平均速度与速度分布分别为16 m/s与4 m/s、空间发散角为25 mrad的冷原子束流,通过相敏的飞行时间法对原子束流的通量进行了准确测量,并对背景原子气压、推送光功率以及冷却光失谐等参量对原子束流的影响进行了实验研究与分析.     

Magnetooptical compression of atomic beams

We consider the propagation of an atomic beam in a quadrupole magnetic field under transverse irradiation by a cooling laser field. The cooling laser field was chosen in the form of a two-dimensional σ⁺-σ^? configuration. We show that the sub-Doppler resonance in the radiation force can be used to reduce the diameter of the atomic beam to a value on the order of 10 mm. We establish that the simultaneous transverse cooling and compression of the atomic beam allow its phase density to be increased to values of the order of 10^?4–10^?3. The dipole interaction of an atom with the cooling and compressing laser field in a quadrupole magnetic field is analyzed in terms of a simple (3 + 5)-level model atom.

     

Polarized velocity selective spectroscopy of atomic rubidium using counterpropagating beams

A scheme to obtain dispersion-like profiles using polarized velocity selective spectroscopy is presented. A circularly polarized pump laser beam whose frequency is scanned, and a linearly polarized, probe beam locked to a resonant frequency in the atom cross at a rubidium absorption cell. The transmitted intensities of the probe beam, with mutually perpendicular polarization directions are detected as the frequency of the pump beam is scanned. The sum of these two signals gives absorption profiles, while the difference results in dispersion profiles. This scheme is tested in the D₂ manifold of atomic rubidium. Weaker cross-over lines are found to be present and the slopes of their dispersion profiles are found to be opposite to those of the atomic transitions. This allowed an unambiguous determination of the atomic lines in both ⁸⁵Rb and ⁸⁷Rb, something that is particularly useful for the identification of the repumping transition in neutral atom trapping experiments. The dispersion profiles obtained are also suitable for frequency locking to atomic transitions or cross-over lines in both isotopes.     

Rydberg hydrogen atom in the presence of uniform magnetic and quadrupolar electric fields

Laser cooling and trapping offers the possibility of confining a sample of radioactive atoms in free space. Here, we address the question of how best to take advantage of cold atom properties to perform the observation of as highly forbidden a line as the 6S-7S Cs transition for achieving, in the longer term, atomic parity violation (APV) measurements in radioactive alkali isotopes. Another point at issue is whether one might do better with stable, cold atoms than with thermal atoms. To compensate for the large drawback of the small number of atoms available in a trap, one must take advantage of their low velocity. To lengthen the time of interaction with the excitation laser, we suggest choosing a geometry where the laser beam exciting the transition is colinear to a slow, cold atomic beam, either extracted from a trap or prepared by Zeeman slowing. We also suggest a new observable physical quantity manifesting APV, which presents several advantages: specificity, efficiency of detection, possibility of direct calibration by a parity conserving quantity of a similar nature. It is well adapted to a configuration where the cold atomic beam passes through two regions of transverse, crossed electric fields, leading both to differential measurements and to strong reduction of the contributions from the M₁-Stark interference signals, potential sources of systematics in APV measurements. Our evaluation of signal-to-noise ratios shows that with available techniques, measurements of transition amplitudes, important as required tests of atomic theory, should be possible in ¹³³Cs with a statistical precision of 10^-3 and probably also in Fr isotopes for production rates of Fr atoms s^-1. For APV measurements to become realistic, some practical realization of the collimation of the atomic beam as well as multiple passages of the excitation beam matching the atomic beam looks essential.Received: 5 March 2003, Published online: 17 July 2003PACS: 32.80.Ys Weak-interaction effects in atoms - 32.70.Cs Oscillator strengths, lifetimes, transition moments - 32.80.Pj Optical cooling of atoms; trapping - 39.90.+d Other instrumentation and techniques for atomic and molecular physicsS. Sanguinetti: Also at E. Fermi Physics Dept., Pisa Univ., Pisa, Italy.     

Nonlinear beam shaping by a cloud of cold Rb atoms

First experimental investigations are reported on nonlinear beam shaping due to the interaction between an intense laser beam and a cloud of laser cooled rubidium atoms. Resonant excitation of the F = 3 ↔ F ^′ = 4 hyperfine transition is considered. The single-pass interaction through the cold vapor causes an increase in the laser beam intensity in the forward direction (zero transverse wavevector component) when observed in Fourier space, for sufficiently high values of saturation. A qualitative explanation of the observations based on a two-level model for a resonantly excited transition proves acceptable. The observations are compatible with an interpretation based on nonlinear index-induced focusing of an incident beam with curved wavefront, as is used in z-scan measurements. Simple physical considerations allow us to deduce the conditions for the observability of optical patterns in the beam transmitted by a cold atomic cloud.     

A slow gravity compensated atom laser

We report on a slow guided atom laser beam outcoupled from a Bose–Einstein condensate of ⁸⁷Rb atoms in a hybrid trap. The acceleration of the atom laser beam can be controlled by compensating the gravitational acceleration and we reach residual accelerations as low as 0.0027 g. The outcoupling mechanism allows for the production of a constant flux of 4.5×10⁶ atoms per second and due to transverse guiding we obtain an upper limit for the mean beam width of 4.6 μm. The transverse velocity spread is only 0.2 mm/s and thus an upper limit for the beam quality parameter is M ²=2.5. We demonstrate the potential of the long interrogation times available with this atom laser beam by measuring the trap frequency in a single measurement. The small beam width together with the long evolution and interrogation time makes this atom laser beam a promising tool for continuous interferometric measurements.     

一种检测原子束激光准直效果的多狭缝技术

针对激光汇聚铬原子束沉积,提出了一种定性评价原子束横向准直度的多狭缝技术。与其他检测技术相比,它设计简单,使用方便,能够非常直观快捷地定量评价原子束横向准直度。理论模拟的结果显示,在我们实验条件下这种技术给出的铬原子束准直前横向宽度为13.8mm,半高宽为12mm,发散角为4.1mrad,准直后横向宽度为12.2mm,半高宽为4.8mm,发散角为1.6mrad。