高耐盐性吸水树脂的紫外光引发合成及其性能

采用紫外光引发聚合法合成了聚乙烯醇与丙烯酸钠高耐盐性吸水树脂.用红外光谱和热重分析法对产物进行了表征,测定了该树脂的溶胀动力学、可逆性能及温度、pH、离子浓度和有机溶剂等因素对树脂吸附率的影响.结果表明:该树脂在蒸馏水中的吸水率为4 100 g/g,在w=0.9%的NaCl水溶液中的吸盐水率为405 g/g;树脂的吸液率与阳离子的价态有关,其吸液率大小顺序为NaCl＞CaCl2＞FeCl3;其溶胀动力学扩散过程中的膨胀指数0.5＜n＜1,属于non-Fickon扩散.     

双组分互穿网络/蒙脱土复合吸水橡胶的制备及性能

通过乳液聚合制备了双组分互穿网络/蒙脱土复合吸水橡胶, 采用透射电镜、扫描电镜对所制备样品进行了表征, 并考察了样品的吸水性能及吸水后的力学性能. 结果表明, 所制备的吸水橡胶中橡胶相与树脂相高度分散互穿, 吸水后材料表面未观察到相分离现象; 蒙脱土片层结构分散在材料中, 增加了材料的强度. 吸水过程缓慢, 前期吸水倍率与时间呈线性递增, 在40 d达到吸水平衡; 温度越高, 吸水倍率越大. 样品吸水倍率为6.5时, 弹性模量达到40000 Pa以上, 黏性模量为1000 Pa; 样品吸水倍率为25.8时受压破裂应变为80%左右.     

应用于土遗址文物脱盐的高分子材料

运用吸附脱盐法除去土遗址中的可溶盐,所用的吸附材料是脱盐的关键要素之一。本文介绍了用于土遗址脱盐的吸附材料发展历程及其现状,重点介绍了耐盐性高分子吸水材料用于土遗址基体中盐类脱除的机理、存在的问题及发展方向,文中还对高分子吸水材料可能取得的进展和前景进行了展望。     

电解质溶液对丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物吸液性能的影响

超强吸水剂;吸液率;电解质溶液对丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物吸液性能的影响     

共聚类吸水树脂综合应用性能研究

以丙烯酸烯丙酯为交联剂合成了丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺共聚类吸水树脂,并对该吸水树脂的综合稳定性（耐热性、耐寒性、耐光性）进行了研究.对树脂凝胶溶胶含量、土壤保水性、树脂对去离子水、生理盐水、人工血、人工尿的吸收能力及树脂的膨胀动力学和热分解动力学作了较为全面的研究.确定了膨胀动力学参数及热分解反应动力学参数, 结果表明：所合成树脂吸水膨胀过程中膨胀指数0.5〈n〈1,属于non-Fikian扩散,吸水树脂的热解过程分为两个阶段,都属于一级反应,以丙烯酸烯丙酯作为交联剂合成的丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺共聚类吸水树脂具有良好的综合应用性能.     

丙烯酸系高吸水树脂反相悬浮聚合法制备及其吸附性

采用反相悬浮聚合法制备了聚(丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺)(PAAM)、聚(丙烯酸/2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)(PAAMPS)两种共聚高吸水树脂,并对两者的吸液吸附性能进行了比较.吸液成吸附初期,PAAM、PAAMPS在蒸馏水、NaCl等各种盐溶液中吸液倍率以及对金属离子溶液的吸附量随吸液或吸附时间的增加而迅速增加,约10 min达吸液、吸附平衡,且在各种盐溶液中的吸液倍率明显低于蒸馏水中的,PAAMPS的耐盐性比PAAM更好.高吸水树脂中AMPS代替AM后,对金属离子Cu2+、Cr3+的平衡吸附量几乎不变,但对Fe3+的平衡吸附量略有减小.PAAM较PAAMPS在CuCl2、FeCl3、CrCl3溶液中平衡吸液时间明显延长.     

聚丙烯酰胺/凹凸棒土(Attapulgite)纳米复合高吸水性树脂的制备与性能

高吸水性树脂是一种新型功能高分子材料,由于其优越的吸水保水性能,已在农林园艺和生理卫生用品等领域得到了应用,但它仍然存在抗盐性能差、吸水后凝胶强度低等不足．近年来,有机．无机复合高吸水性树脂因具有较高的吸水性能和低廉的生产成本而受到了广泛的关注,使用的无机粘土主要有高岭土、蒙脱土和凹凸棒土等．粘土具有活性基团和键合点,加入到高吸水性树脂三维网络中可以改善树脂的网络结构,提高其综合性能．凹凸棒土是一种含水富镁铝的层链状硅酸盐,相对于其它粘土,它具有很好的抗盐、吸附和胶体性能。     

PAAM高吸水树脂反相悬浮聚合

采用反相悬浮聚合法,通过部分中和丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺共聚制备了聚(丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺)(PAAM)高吸水树脂,讨论了聚合过程主要影响因素对其吸液性能的影响,并对其进行了FTIR、TGA测试,得到最佳的合成工艺配方:单体质量浓度为30%,中和度N为75%,丙烯酸与丙烯酰胺的摩尔比为7∶3,交联剂、引发剂和分散剂质量浓度分别为0.065%、0.7%和0.5%(相对于单体总质量),单体溶液的滴加速度为2～3mL/min,聚合温度和时间分别为70℃和1.5h。此时在蒸馏水、0.9%NaCl溶液%(wt)中最大吸水倍率分别为Qw=1300g/g、Qs=93g/g(Qw为蒸馏水中吸水倍率,Qs为0.9%NaCl溶液中的吸水倍率,下同),树脂在320℃之前都是比较稳定的,可以适应较高的使用温度。     

3种丙烯酸系列高吸水树脂的吸水性能

采用反相悬浮聚合法合成了3种聚丙烯酸系列吸水树脂：聚丙烯酸钠(PAA)、丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺共聚物(P(AA/AM))和丙烯酸-马来酸酐共聚物(P(AA/MA))。 对3种树脂的吸水性、保水性、耐候性和耐电解质等性能进行测试比较。 结果表明,P(AA/MA)的吸水性能最优异,10 min内吸蒸馏水量可达3578.4 g/g;在一定的温度或压力范围内,3种树脂均有良好的保水性能,在不同温度下储存均能保持各自的吸水性;P(AA/MA)的耐电解质性能较为突出,吸生理盐水量可达107.2 g/g,其综合性能最好。     

碳纳米管复合聚丙烯酸钠的制备及吸水性能

以过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了碳纳米管/聚丙烯酸钠高吸水树脂。系统考察了碳纳米管质量分数、引发剂、交联剂和聚合温度对树脂吸水性能的影响。结果表明,以单体丙烯酸质量为基准,当交联剂,引发剂和碳纳米管质量分数分别为0.04%、0.3%和0.3%,聚合温度75℃时,所合成树脂的吸水性能最佳。添加碳纳米管后树脂表面粗糙和形成孔结构导致了其吸水性能的变化,使得碳纳米管/聚丙烯酸钠的吸水量和吸水速率明显提高,其吸去离子水和生理盐水能力分别达到1423和104g/g。该树脂重复吸水5次后,其吸水能力为1081.5g/g,达到最大吸水倍数的76.0%。     

Kinetics and thermodynamics of rebaudioside A adsorption on a strongly acidic cation exchange resin

To explain the mechanism underlying the adsorption of stevia's polar component rebaudioside A in hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography mode, the characteristics of rebaudioside A adsorption on various resins in an organic‐solvent‐rich system were studied. Among the tested resins, the strongly acidic cation resin FPC11 showed the best adsorption behavior for rebaudioside A. The factors affecting the adsorption kinetics of the resin for rebaudioside A are discussed. The results showed that the pseudo‐second‐order reaction model and intra‐particle diffusion model best described the adsorption kinetics of rebaudioside A on the resin. The adsorption rate was controlled by physical sorption, mainly via electron sharing or electron transfer between the adsorbent and the adsorbate. The adsorption process with multiple stages involved weak initial adsorption behavior. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption of rebaudioside A on the resin was not an ideal monolayer adsorption, but mutual adsorption effects between the adsorbates. The adsorption was a spontaneous, entropy‐increasing endothermic process. The synergistic effect of hydrogen bonding and ion–dipole was a possible driving force.     

D301大孔树脂吸附钒(V)的性能研究

研究了D301大孔树脂对钒的吸附性能.结果表明,pH值对D301树脂吸附钒的影响很大,与钒在溶液中的赋存状态有关,且在pH=2时吸附效果最好:测得吸附热力学参数分别为:△H=8.97kJ/mol,△G_(313)=-5.69kJ/mol,△G_(303)=-5.2kJ/mol,△G_(293)=-4.9kJ/mol,△S=46.84J/mol·K.等温吸附服从Freundlich经验式;考察了溶液浓度、搅拌速率对交换过程的影响,并对实验数据运用相关理论模型进行拟合,结果显示钒(V)在D301树脂上吸附交换过程控制步骤为颗粒扩散控制,反应级数n为0.2391.     

D-101树脂对胭脂虫红色素吸附特性的研究

绘制了胭脂虫红色素的标准曲线,从9种不同性质的大孔吸附树脂中筛选出D-101树脂用于分离胭脂虫红色素,研究了D-101树脂对胭脂虫红色素吸附动力学曲线和不同温度下的吸附等温线。实验结果表明:胭脂虫红色素溶液浓度与吸光度之间显示良好的线性关系;D-101树脂对胭脂虫红色素的吸附速率快,120min达到平衡,吸附量为143.17mg/g树脂,吸附动力学曲线符合二级吸附动力学模型;D-101树脂对胭脂虫红色素的吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,低温有利于吸附;通过热力学计算得到H、G、S均小于0,说明吸附是放热过程且能自发进行,吸附后体系趋向有序。研究结果可为胭脂虫红色素的分离提供有益的参考。     

Synthesis of reusable macroporous St/BMA copolymer resin and its absorbency to organic solvent and oil

In this paper, a reusable macroporous high oil absorption resin for oil spills was synthesized successfully by suspension copolymerization with styrene and butyl methacrylate as monomers. In the process of suspension copolymerization, a porogenic agent was introduced into the reaction system. Structure and surface morphology of the macroporous resin were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, effects of different reaction factors on density and particle size of macroporous resins and effects of various factors on the oil absorbency of macroporous resins were discussed. Furthermore, oil absorption kinetics and repeatability of resin and the absorbency of the macroporous resin in various oils were also studied. Compared with the resin without macroporous structure, the maximum oil absorbency of the macroporous resin to the carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) was 28.28 g/g, which increased by 61.42%. Meanwhile, the saturated oil absorption time of resin also decreased significantly from 7.5 to 2 hr. The macroporous high oil absorption resin presents predominant performance of reuse and regeneration. Moreover, the macroporous resin had certain absorbency (8.7 g/g) to crude oil, which makes it useful for marine oil spill. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

乳液共混NR-PHPAM水膨胀性橡胶

本文采用乳液共混法制取NR—PHPAM水膨胀性橡胶,并对其吸水特性、介质敏感性、交联程度影响以及物理性能进行了研究。结果表明,与一般混炼法相比,本产物吸水快,吸水能力大,物理性能更为优越,同时,对酸碱性十分敏感。添加少量的特殊助剂,可在保持优良物理性能前提下大大提高吸水能力。对其吸水机理的初步探讨表明,对此复合体系,应在Flory溶胀理论的基础上,综合考虑聚电解质集合体的形成、相分散的标度,以及PHPAM和NR两种网络的抗形变能力的双重作用。     

DF01大孔树脂吸附苦参碱过程的研究

以大孔吸附树脂对苦参碱溶液的吸附行为为研究对象，对苦参碱的吸附平衡进行了研究，以Freundlich和Langmuir方程拟合了室温下的吸附等温线，研究结果表明，用Freumdlich方程拟合较理想，同时，还考察了不同因素对吸附过程的影响，并用线性方程式对吸附柱的透过曲线进行了拟合，这对了解床层的吸附行为特征及吸附剂性能有着重要意义。     

Adsorption Behavior of Potassium Ion on Planting Materials

Characterization of planting materials used as adsorbent has been studied in order to compare potassium ion adsorption on two types of planting materials, which are a fired planting material （FPM） made from a mixture of 4 kinds of wastes （bottom ash, flue gas desulfurization （FGD） gypsum, paddy soil and sawdust） formed and fired at 850 ℃and the commercial planting material called ＂hydroball＂ （HDB） bought from Jatujak market, Bangkok. The physical characteristics of both types of planting materials indicate that the FPM has a larger specific surface area than the HDB. The factors affecting potassium adsorption on both the planting materials such as an equilibration time and some solid/solution ratios were investigated. The suitable equilibration time for the adsorption to reach an equilibrium on the FPM and HDB is one and two hours, respectively. The highest amounts of potassium ion adsorbed on both the planting materials were obtained when the solid/solution ratio was 1 ： 15. The adsorption behavior on both the planting materials tends to correspond with the Freundlich isotherm.     

树脂相分光光度法研究(Ⅲ)——稀土-硝酸根-变色酸双偶氮类试剂树脂相显色反应

选择了6种常用的变色酸双偶氮类试剂作为稀土树脂相显色剂,初步探讨了影响树脂吸附率的因素。实验表明,在硝酸介质中,在大量NO₃^-存在下,三氯偶氮胂和三溴偶氮胂可应用于稀土树脂相分光光度法。     

Evaluation and comparison of alternatives to Protein A chromatography Mimetic and hydrophobic charge induction chromatographic stationary phases

In this paper Protein A mimetic and hydrophobic charge induction chromatographic (HCIC) stationary phases are characterized in terms of their protein adsorption characteristics and their selectivity is compared with Protein A chromatography using a set of Chinese hamster ovary-derived monoclonal antibodies and Fc-fusion proteins. Linear retention experiments were employed to compare the selectivities of these resins for both non-IgG model proteins as well as antibodies and the fusion proteins. While none of the non-IgG model proteins were observed to bind to the Protein A resin, most of them did in fact bind to the alternative resins. In addition, while the elution pH was similar for the model proteins and antibodies on the HCIC resin, the mimetic resins did exhibit higher binding for the antibodies under these linear pH gradient conditions. A mixed mode preparative isotherm model previously developed for HCIC was shown to accurately describe the adsorption behavior of the mimetic materials as well. Host cell protein clearance profiles were also investigated under preparative conditions using complex biological feeds and the results indicated that while some selectivity was observed for both the HCIC and the mimetic materials, the purification factors were in general significantly less than those obtained with Protein A. It is important to note, however, that the selectivity of the mimetic and HCIC materials was also observed to be antibody specific indicating that further optimization may well result in increased selectivities for these materials.     

分离、富集液相中金离子的反应型材料

介绍了近年来国内外以化学吸附纤维(离子交换和螯合纤维)、活性炭纤维和树脂等有机功能材料为基础研究开发分离、富集液相中金离子(Au3 和Au )的研究进展,其中包括含N、O、S等各种官能团有机功能纤维和树脂、活性炭纤维对液相中金离子吸附的实验理论研究、预富集分析测试和实际湿法冶金中的应用,对于不同吸附材料对金离子的吸附行为、吸附机理、影响因素等进行了初步探讨。指出了反应型材料的优势和目前所存在的问题,对其应用前景作了适当展望。