氰戊菊酯微乳液相行为及其结构转变

氰戊菊酯微乳液相行为及其结构转变;相行为; 微乳液; 电导率; 氰戊菊酯     

烷基芳基磺酸盐结构对微乳液相行为的影响

用Winsor相图法研究了自制的6种不同结构的烷基芳基磺酸盐/不同醇/正癸烷/NaCl/水体系在不同温度下所形成的微乳液。 探讨了烷基芳基磺酸盐结构对微乳液相行为的影响。 同时考察了温度和醇对微乳液相行为的影响。 结果表明,随着烷基芳基磺酸盐长烷基链的增长,中相形成盐度S1、中相消失盐度S2、中相盐宽ΔS和最佳盐浓度S*值均减小,最佳中相体积V*M和最佳增容量σ*值均增大;随着烷基芳基磺酸盐分子的芳环向长烷基链中间位置移动,S1、S2、ΔS、S*值均减小,V*M和σ*值均增大;随着温度升高,V*M和σ*值均减小,S1、S2、ΔS、S*值均增大,在25 ℃时,体系无中相微乳液形成;随着正构醇碳原子数的增加,V*M和σ*值均增大,S1、S2、ΔS、S*值均减小。     

鬼臼毒素固体脂质纳米粒的抗肿瘤活性及药代动力学研究

评价鬼臼毒素（PPT）被固体脂质纳米粒（SLN）包裹前、后的抗肿瘤效果以及在动物体内的药代动力学特点.建立昆明小鼠S180肉瘤模型,将PPT-SLN、PPT分别以5mg/kg的等效剂量对小鼠每天腹腔注射,连续3周,每天量取肿瘤体积,并观察小鼠状态、体重的变化.末次给药24h后处死小鼠,剥取瘤块称重,计算抑瘤率.将PPT-SLN、PPT以10mg/kg的等效剂量对小鼠腹腔注射,于不同时间点采血,以HPLC分析血液中PPT的含量,绘制血药浓度-时间曲线,并计算药代动力学参数.研究发现,肿瘤小鼠在连续腹腔注射PPT-SLN后,肿瘤体积与重量比对照组、PPT组明显降低,抑瘤率达58.13%,抑瘤效果显著,且小鼠体重增加量比PPT组多.药代动力学结果显示,在被纳米载体包裹后,PPT在血药中的浓度得到了提升,释放时间有所延长,生物利用度也有较大提高.结果表明SLN包裹PPT能够有效地提高其血药浓度,起到缓释效果,提高其抗肿瘤活性,并降低毒性,具有较好的应用前景.     

一些聚合物地中相微乳液物性的影响

研究了水解聚安、黄原胶和木质素磺酸盐对中相微乳液相体积、粘度和界面张力的影响，实验结果表明：含有聚丙烯酰胺时，中相微乳液的相态、增溶参数、中相与下相间界面张力及中相粘度均无明显变化。生物聚合物对中相微乳液的物理影响也不大，木质素磺酸盐册对微乳液的形成产生明显影响；随着木质素磺酸盐浓度的增大，微乳液由中相转变为相，相应的物理参数亦有变化 。     

微乳液相行为和微观结构的研究

用正交试验法求得阳离子表面活性剂双十八烷基二甲基氯化铵(DOD-MAC)/阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/正丁醇/正庚烷/盐水体系中相微乳液形成的最佳配方:W_(DODMAC):W_(SDS)=1:4～1:5;C_(n-butanol)%=11.0～12.0;C_(NaCl)%=3.25附近.研究了盐浓度、DODMAC和SDS复配比例、正丁醇浓度(1.0%～14.0)%以及酸种类(正丙醇、正丁醇和正戊醇)对微乳液相态、超低界面张力(γ_(mo),γ_(mw))、最佳含盐度(S)和盐宽(△S)的影响,得到了微乳液相行为的一些规律.并用FT-IR,ESR和冷冻蚀刻方法研究了中相微乳液微观结构,3种方法均表明中相微乳液随着含盐度增加,微观结构经历o/w型到B.C.再到w/o型转变.中相微乳液分子组织形态的有序分布规律,有助于构作微乳液体系的模型,有助于对中相微乳液微观结构认识及阐明微乳液微观结构与宏观特性之间关系.     

溶剂极性对磺化聚苯醚微乳液相反转的影响

水基微乳液;溶剂极性对磺化聚苯醚微乳液相反转的影响     

离子液体参与构筑的微乳液:离子液微乳液

微乳液一般是指两种互不相溶的液体(极性相:一般为水;非极性相:一般为有机溶剂),在表面活性剂作用下形成的均一透明的热力学稳定体系,已广泛应用于材料制备、化学合成等领域.离子液体是熔点低于100℃,完全由离子组成的一类物质,作为一种"绿色溶剂",具有诸多优异的物理化学性质,又被称为"可设计型溶剂".本文综述了离子液体作为极性相、非极性相,甚至表面活性剂,构筑的一类微乳液――离子液微乳液,重点介绍了其物理化学性质的研究进展,并展望了发展趋势.     

磁场对苯胺微乳液聚合体系相行为的影响

通过十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)/正丁醇(n-butanol)/苯胺/水微乳液体系的拟三元相图,考察了恒定磁场(0.4T)和助表面活性剂与表面活性剂的质量比(Km=mn-butanol/mSDBS)对苯胺微乳液聚合体系的相行为、电导行为以及微乳化作用的影响.结果表明:随着体系醇含量的增加,微乳区面积先增大后减小,当Km值为1.0时,形成的微乳区最大;外加磁场可以增大微乳区面积.通过对外加磁场条件下溶液电导率随水含量变化规律的分析,印证了拟三元相图的表征结果.透射电镜分析结果表明,磁场条件下合成的聚苯胺颗粒比无磁场条件下合成的聚苯胺颗粒小.     

微乳液毛细管电动色谱烷基苯的保留行为

以阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸纳（SDS）和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTMAB）组成的微乳液体系为分离介质,研究一组烷基苯同系物的毛细管电动色谱分离,较系统地考察了多种微乳液条件下溶质的保留时间,容量因子和电动色谱时间窗。结果表明,在SDS组成的微乳液体系中,烷基苯同系物的logk′与烷基链碳数(C=0～5)呈良好线性关系,logk′=aC+b,r＞0.9921。微乳液组成的变化对两种体系的电动分离有不同的影响规律,并对作用机理进行了探讨。     

混合表面活性剂微乳状液的形成和相行为研究进展

讨论了单一表面活性剂,混合表面活性剂,助溶剂等对油／水微乳状液的形成和相行为的影响。对混合表面活性剂微乳状液的形成和相行为研究工作进行了归纳和总结,重点分析了正负离子表面活性剂微乳状液的相行为和表面活性剂微乳状液的相行为和表面活性剂效率,讨论了微乳状液形成的影响因素,并提出了这一研究领域可能的发展前景。     

Phase Behavior of Ternary Systems of the Type H2O?Oil?Nonionic Amphiphile (Microemulsions)

Liquid multicomponent systems of the type H₂O-oil-amphiphile-electrolyte are of growing interest, both in industry and in research. In applications technology, there are two problems to solve: 1. To prepare stable homogeneous solutions of H₂O and nonpolar liquids with as little amphiphile as possible which can be diluted with H₂O in all proportions without phase separation; e.g., concentrated solutions of drugs, herbicides, or insecticides. 2. To prepare stable mixtures of an aqueous, an amphiphile, and an oil phase with as little amphiphile as possible which are employed in tertiary oil recovery and in the pharmaceutical industry. Furthermore, such systems may be used for performing chemical reactions in heterogeneous liquid mixtures with continuously variable properties. In research, such systems are of interest for both experimental and theoretical studies of critical phenomena, especially near so-called tricritical points. Last but not least, their properties may stimulate further research in the field of associated solutions. In this paper we summarize the results of our studies on the phase behavior of ternary systems with nonionic amphiphiles, in particular with respect to the evolution of liquid three-phase bodies. The results suggest that the tricritical points in such systems should be regarded as kinds of pivot points from which the phase behavior evolves. If this were an approach to reality, the phase behavior would be governed in more or less good approximation by universal scaling laws, irrespective of the particular microstructure of the solutions. Finally, we discuss the effect of electrolytes on the phase behavior both in a quaternary phase tetrahedron and a pseudoternary phase prism representation. Although in practice most systems consist of mixtures of oils, amphiphiles, and electrolytes, an understanding of the phase behavior of truly ternary and quaternary systems with chemically well-defined components permits at least qualitative predictions with respect to the phase behavior of the multicomponent mixtures encountered in practice.     

Studies on the Phase Properties of Winsor I-III Type Microemulsions with Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy

Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable,isotropic mixtures of water,oil,surfactant and cosurfactant that exhibit wide variety of microstructure.Winsor identified four general types of phase equilibria:Type I(O/W),II(W/O),III(B.C.)and IV(isotropic micellar solution)1.Type I and II are two-phase systems,type III a three-phase system,and type IV a single-phase system.Depending on surfactant type and sample environment,types I,II,III or IV form preferentially,the dominant type bein…     

Studies on the Phase Properties of Winsor Ⅰ-Ⅲ Type Microemulsions with Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy

The dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) of Winsor Ⅰ～Ⅲ microemulsions for nonionic surfactant octyl polyglucoside C8G1.46/1-butanol/cyclohexane/water system was studied.The experiment shows that the permittivity decreases with the increase in the frequency and clear dielectric relaxation phenomena were observed. Permittivity obviously decreases with the change of the microstructure of the microemulsion, W/O, B.C. and O/W can be distinguished by the permittivity.     

Phase Structures of Microemulsions Determined by the Steady-State Fluorescence Method

Experimental The pyrene was purchased from Sigma Co., and the other chemicals were of A. R. grade. Water was deionized and distilled twice before use. The microemulsions of required compositions were prepared in the following way. The stock microemulsions were made without water at first, corresponding to the A point (10wt% octane, 63wt% n-butanol, 27wt% CTAB) in the phase diagram of Figure 1 and then a series of microemulsions were made along AW dilution line with adding water. Calcu…     

Temperature Effect on the Phase Behavior of the Systems Water/TritonX-100,114,405/n-Butanol/n-Hexane

We have investigated the effect of temperature on the phase behavior and the partition coefficients of nonionic surfactants in water/n-hexane systems. We found that the composition of the conjugate single and two phase solution in the pseudoternary diagram is continuously transformed from one state to other by increasing the temperature. We also demonstrated that the partition coefficient of a nonionic surfactant is a measure of the relative hydrophilic-lipophilic nature of the surfactant, if the measurement is performed at low concentration.     

Phase behavior of the ternary system H2O-oil-polypropyleneglycol (PPG)

This paper reports on studies of the phase behavior of systems of the type H₂O-oil-amphiphilue-electrolyte with a simple polar polymer as nonionic amphiphile. It turns out that the system behaves similar to systems with monomeric nonionic amphiphiles which is due to the fact that both the binary system H₂O-polar polymer and oil-polar polymer show the same characteristic features as the corresponding systems with monomeric amphiphiles. The results suggest the tailoring of polydetergents by varying both their amphiphilicity and their degree of polymerization in order to obtain highly efficient amphiphiles for the preparation of socalled microemulsions.     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐+水+醇体系的相行为

在298.15 K, 常压下研究了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmim][PF₆])+水+甲醇、[bmim][PF₆]+水+乙醇、[bmim][PF₆]+水+2-丙醇、[bmim][PF₆]+水+1-丙醇三元体系的相行为. 结果表明, 对于含甲醇、乙醇和2-丙醇的体系, 醇在水+醇溶液中摩尔分数分别为0.55-1.00、0.40-0.75 和0.35-0.50 时, 醇的水溶液与[bmim][PF₆]可以互溶. 而水+1-丙醇体系没有此类现象. 这说明, 这类三元系的相行为不但取决于醇分子的大小, 而且取决于其结构.     

嵌段共聚物熔体流变行为研究进展

微相分离的结构特点赋予了嵌段共聚物很多优异的性能,使其广泛应用于汽车部件及工具手柄、电线电缆包皮或绝缘带、医疗制品及食品容器、密封胶、粘合剂、涂料以及聚合物共混改性等领域。聚合物流变特性直接关系到材料加工参数的选择以及产品最终性能,是聚合物结构设计、材料加工参数优化选择及拓展产品应用领域的理论基础。本文对嵌段共聚物的熔体流变行为进行了综述,着重介绍了与嵌段共聚物特殊结构相对应的流变特性,以及流变特性与相行为之间的关联,并提出了嵌段共聚物熔体流变行为研究的前沿与重点。     

Studies on Phase Behavior of Alkyl Polyglucoside Based on Microemulsions with Modified Fishlike Phase Diagram

The three-phase behavior in the quaternary system of an alkyl (C8/10^- or C12/14^-)polyglucoside / 1-butanol / n-octane / water has been studied at 40℃ with the modified fishlike phase diagram, which is presented by us for the first time. The mass fraction of 1-butanol in the hydrophile-lipophile balanced interfacial layer, A^S, the coordinates of the start point B and the end point E of the phase diagram, and the solubilities of alkyl polyglucoside and 1-butanol in n-octane phase were calculated. The solubilization of the microemulsion was also discussed.     

分子量分布对聚合物体系相行为影响的研究进展

聚合物合成工艺往往会使聚合物原料的分子链链长呈现出长短不一的状态,这就使得该聚合物的分子量分布呈现出多分散性。而这种多分散性的分子量分布会对不同性质的聚合物共混体系的相行为产生不同的影响。本文阐述了研究分子量分布对多相多组分聚合物体系的相行为影响的重要性,并分别从高分子溶液体系、嵌段共聚物、聚合物一聚合物共混体系、胶体...