刚性-柔性体系自组装的研究进展

刚性-柔性体系中刚柔链段间的择优取向竞争使其很容易通过自组装形成如球形、棒状、囊泡等多种形态的纳米有序结构,因此该体系的研究引起了人们广泛的关注。本文对各种不同类型的刚性-柔性体系及制备过程进行了介绍与总结,详尽总结了刚性-柔性体系在各种溶液中的不同自组装行为和相应机理,并对近年发展较为迅猛的超分子刚性-柔性复合物体系进行了重点论述。最后,对刚性-柔性体系自组装研究中存在的问题和发展前景进行了展望。     

嵌段共聚物调控纳米粒子自组装的研究进展

嵌段共聚物和纳米粒子复合纳米材料具有优异的性能,在生物医药、光电材料、催化材料等领域具有很大的应用价值,已成为备受关注的研究热点.利用嵌段共聚物自组装能够形成特定形态的纳米结构聚集体,将纳米粒子选择性的分布和定位于嵌段共聚物聚集体中,可以改善纳米粒子的性能及其应用.本文综述了近年来实验上利用自组装制备嵌段共聚物-纳米粒子复合纳米材料的方法,并总结分析了影响纳米粒子在嵌段共聚物聚集体中的分布和定位的各种因素,包括纳米粒子的大小、形状及其表面化学.最后总结了嵌段共聚物-纳米粒子的自组装在理论模拟方面的研究.     

共聚物的自组装研究进展

自组装是分子间通过非共价键相互作用自发组合形成的一类结构明确、稳定,同时具有某种特定功能或性能的分子聚集体或超分子结构的现象。利用共聚物自组装技术可以制备高度有序介观形貌的功能材料,这些材料有望在生物医学、药物释放、智能材料等领域得到广泛的应用。研究表明,不同结构的共聚物的自组装行为和功能一般不同,同时环境条件,如温度、pH值等也对共聚物自组装行为有很大影响。本文从共聚物结构及外部环境条件两个方面综述了近几年来共聚物的自组装行为规律,并分析了相关自组装结构应用的研究进展。     

含环糊精的温度敏感性聚合物的合成及自组装

合成了侧基含环糊精的聚异丙基丙烯酰胺(PnipamCD), 该聚合物在水溶液中具有较高的最低临界溶解温度(LCST). 快速升温到溶液的LCST以上可形成球形胶束, 慢速升温到LCST以上可形成空心囊泡. 在PNIPAM的选择性溶剂中, PnipamCD形成棒状组装体.     

Self-assembly of Polyaniline: Mechanism Study

Anisotropic polyaniline (PAni) plates decorated with self-aligned nanofiber arrays were synthesized under the hydrothermal conditions. The formation mechanism of the self-assembled structures was investigated by studying the effect on PAni micro-structure with additive electrolyte in reaction system, and numerical simulation for dependence of systematic electrostatic energy on cross angles of self-assembled nanofiber arrays in grid textured PAni plates. It is proposed that the electrostatic interaction based on ionic doping charges plays an important role in the formation of the self-assembled PAni structures.     

Self-assembly molecular architectures with novel cyclic dimers

Highly emissive conjugated compounds containing pyridine (or pyrimidine) and cyano ligands have been synthesized by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. These ligands readily react with Re(CO)₃(THF)₂Br to form cyclic supramolecules by self-assembly processes. At room temperature these supramolecules are emissive, and the emission is ligand-localized, as evidenced from the Stokes shift and the lifetime data.     

多肽自组装技术及其在生物医学上的应用

多肽分子自组装广泛存在于自然界中。多肽具有良好的生物相容性和可调控的降解性能,并且利用多肽自组装技术,可以在分子水平上设计并调控聚集态的形状和结构,这在生物医学材料方面具有巨大的应用潜力。近年来关于多肽自组装的研究成为材料学、医学等领域中研究热点之一,并且在药物缓释载体、组织工程支架研究方面取得进展。本文介绍多肽分子自组装技术的概念,综述了多肽自组装技术在药物缓释载体材料、组织工程支架材料方面的应用。     

基于有机功能化碳纳米管的自组装

利用自组装的方法,实现碳纳米管的有序排列可以充分有效的促进碳纳米管在各个领域的应用。本文从自组装所依赖的驱动力着手,介绍了国内外近几年来基于功能化碳纳米管的自组装开展的研究工作及取得的成果,重点介绍了通过配位作用、静电力及氢键、亲水/疏水相互作用等实现的自组装。     

表面功能化聚苯乙烯纳米微球的制备及自组装

用乳液聚合的方法合成了表面富含羧基的聚苯乙烯纳米微球，采用热分析、红外、透射电镜和X射线粉末衍射仪等对其进行了结构和性能表征;并用自组装的方法将其在玻璃表面组装成膜.考察了制备条件，通过对自组装薄膜原子力显微镜形貌图的分析，确立了最佳组装方案.     

Self-assembly of a cavitand-based heteronuclear coordination cage

A new self-assembly protocol leading to the formation of heteronuclear coordination cage 10 is reported. Reaction of tetradentate cavitand ligand 1, bearing one ethynylpyridine and three benzonitriles at the apical positions, with Pt(dppp)OTf₂ and Pd(dppp)OTf₂ in a 1:3 ratio yields 10 as the thermodynamic product. Under the same conditions, the self-assembly of 1 with either Pt or Pd metal precursors gives a mixture of isomeric homonuclear cages 8a-c or 9a-c, respectively.     

Transition Metal Self-assembly of Dithiocarbamate Based Anion Receptors

Abstract

Novel macrocyclic and acyclic transition metal dithiocarbamate based anion receptors, prepared via metal mediated self-assembly, strongly bind anions, and in the case of L² electrochemically recognise carboxylate, chloride and dihydrogen phosphate.     

Self-assembly of Gold Nanoparticle Chains between Nanoelectrodes

Nanodevice applications of metal or semiconductor nanoparticles depend on the techniques to assemble them into ordered one-(1D) and two-dimensional (2D) arrange- ments1,2. In particular, 1D arrangements of nanoparticles are not only the basis for fabricat…     

低维聚合物纳米材料的自组装制备、性能及应用

特殊的聚合物可以通过分子间识别或分子间相互作用，自发地聚集成一定的分子结构或构筑成具有特殊结构和形状的聚集体，从而使其具有特殊的功能。这类自组装体系在微电子、新材料及生物医药等领域展现出了巨大的应用前景，已受到广泛关注。本文综述了低维聚合物纳米材料的自组装制备方法、性能和应用的最新进展。     

分子自组装技术及其在发光器件制备上的应用

介绍了分子自组装技术的原理、特点及过程。重点从自组装单层膜和逐层自组装膜两方面介绍自组装技术在制备发光器件方面的应用，并综述了影响自组装薄膜性能的因素。     

聚肽接枝共聚物的自组装行为研究

Polymeric micelles of poly(γ-benzyl L-glutamate)(PBLG)-poly(ethylene oxide)(PEO) graft copolymer were prepared by the dialysis method in deionized water. Fluorescence spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and transmission electron microscope(TEM) were used for the investigation of the self-assembly of PBLG-PEO graft copolymer. Fluorescence spectrosco0y measurements suggest that PBLG-PEO graft copolymer associates to form polymeric micelles in water. ^1H NMR measurements further prove that in aqueous medium PBLG-PEO graft copolymer could assemble into polymeric micelles with PBLG segments as the hydrophobic inner core and PEO segments as the hydrophilic shell. The results of the TEM observations show that the polymeric micelles of PBLG-PEO graft copolymer are almost spindly shaped, which are different from the morphology of the spherical micelles formed by PBLG-PEO block copolymer. Polymeric micelles formed by polypeptide copolymer have potential application as drug carrier in controlled-release delivery system.     

NMR波谱技术在两亲分子聚集体研究中的应用

NMR technologies such as relaxation, self-diffusion coefficient and other NMR methods were reviewed. The results of NMR measurements, especially, on 1H, 13C, 19F-NMR spectra and quadrupolar echo of 2H-NMR spectra on self-assembled properties and structures have been obtained. The investigations on the self-assembly of amphiphiles and the transition of self assembled structures were introduced and the determination of NMR measurements on micelles, vesicles and microemulsions was summed.     

光敏性聚电解质重氮树脂及其自组装

二苯胺－4－重氮盐与甲醛的缩合产物是一种正离子性光敏性聚电解质重氮树脂，本文主要结合我们自己的研究工作，对重氮树脂的性质尤其是它的光、热反应，与阴离子表面活性剂所形成复合物性质，及基于这种带重氮基的光敏物质的各自组装进行了比较详细的介绍，并简要介绍了光敏性自组装超薄膜的应用。     

Self-assembly of polypeptide-based block copolymer amphiphiles

The past decade has seen growing interest in the investigation of self-assembling nanostructures, particularly in aqueous solution. In this context, polypeptide-based copolymers show considerable promise as building blocks that allow enhanced control over intra- and intermolecular interactions, in concert with stable, yet modifiable, secondary and tertiary structures. We will focus here on the most recent advances in the formation of micelles and vesicles from peptide–polymer conjugates or from copolypeptide systems, and on the capacity of these structures to manifest stimuli-driven variation in size and shape. We will also discuss a new generation of materials based on protein-like copolymers that offer precise control over molecular composition and structure along with predetermined biological functionality.     

功能性硅烷在纳米氧化硅表面的自组装

在分散体系中,两种功能性硅烷,甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲基硅烷(MPTES)和氨丙基三甲基硅烷(APTES)在纳米氧化硅表面形成自组装单分子层,用XPS 和FTIR对所得自组装单分子层进行了表征.元素分析结果表明,所得功能性纳米氧化硅中的功能基含量分别为1.03 mmol/g甲基丙烯酰氧基/丙烯酰氧丙基纳米氧化硅(MPSN)和3.34 mmol/g氨基/氨丙基纳米氧化硅(APSN).LSS 分析结果表明,未修饰纳米氧化硅、 MPSN和APSN在甲苯分散体系中的平均流体力学直径大约分别为240、 45和560 nm.     

从纳米晶到三维超晶格结构

纳米晶的有序组装对未来纳米材料的应用拓展具有重要意义. 本综述介绍了纳米晶三维超晶格的研究价值以及制备方法,着重对“胶体溶液蒸发”、“不良溶剂扩散”、“胶束引导集聚”、“氢键连接”、“静电聚集”、“DNA导向”、“外场辅助”和“水－油界面辅助”的组装机制进行了总结与评述,同时也探讨了这一新兴领域中仍然存在的挑战.