激发态丰质子核的双质子发射

将有效液滴模型和推广的液滴模型推广至激发态丰质子核的双质子发射半衰期研究,发现这两个模型都能较好地再现双质子发射半衰期的实验数据.基于这两个模型预言了一些核的激发态的双质子发射的半衰期,为将来的实验提供参考,并将上述半衰期与统一裂变模型给出的半衰期进行了比较和分析.此外,以⁹⁴Ag的21~+激发态的双质子发射为例,讨论了衰变能和衰变过程中带走的轨道角动量对其半衰期的影响,发现半衰期对它们的依赖很敏感,半衰期对衰变能的强烈依赖表明了精确测量核质量和激发能的重要性和必要性.     

重丰中子核237Th半衰期的测量

通过60MeV/u的¹⁸O离子束轰击天然铀靶,利用多核子转移反应并由放射化学分离方法准备了²³⁷Th的存在,测得它的半衰期为(4.69±0.60)min.这个新的值不仅与我们较早获得的(5.0±0.9)min值一致,而且提高了实验精度.     

超重核294118和291116及其α衰变链上各核素半衰期的研究

运用推广的液滴模型（GLDM）确定了超重核294118和291116及其α衰变链上各核素的衰变势垒, 采用量子力学中的WKB方法计算α衰变中的势垒穿透几率, 对该链上各原子核的α衰变半衰期进行了研究。 此外, 还利用Royer公式对该链上各原子核的α衰变半衰期进行了计算。 结果表明, GLDM 考虑亲和能与Royer公式给出的α衰变半衰期与超重核区的实验值符合很好, 验证了GLDM和Royer公式在超重核区的适用性,可以用来预测超重核的半衰期。 最后, 预言了Z=118 和116 同位素链上各核素的半衰期, 结果表明, 在Z=118和116中存在α衰变长寿命同位素, 这需要实验上的检验。The α decay potential barrier of the newly synthesized superheavy nuclei starting from 294118 and 291116 have been determined and their half lives have been studied with the Generalized Liquid Drop Model(GLDM) connected with WKB approximation and Royer’s formulae．The α decay half lives of the nuclei belonging to the superheavy nuclei starting from 294118 and 291116 have been calculated．The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data, which show that the α decay half lives of superheavy nuclei with the GLDM and Royer’s formulae can be applied in the studying on superheavy nuclei successfully．Finally, the half lives of Z=118 and 116 isotopes have been predicted, and the results suggest there may be some long lived superheavy nuclei for α decay in those isotopes.     

可能合成的超重核的alpha衰变能和半衰期

本文考察和研究了将来可能在实验上合成的超重新元素和新核素的基态性质。研究的重点主要放在原子核的alpha衰变能和半衰期。详细比较和讨论了不同理论模型计算的alpha衰变能和半衰期。通过这些计算和比较,从理论上提出了将来在实验上比较容易合成的超重新元素和新核素的性质。理论计算结果可为将来的超重核实验提供理论参考。     

Pb附近奇A核同质异能态半衰期的简单规律

对Pb附近Z=78—82奇A核同质异能态IT衰变（或称为同质异能跃迁包括γ跃迁和内转换）的实验数据进行了系统的分析, 发现了奇A核同质异能态IT衰变半衰期的一个简单的规律:同位素链上角动量和宇称相同的同质异能态, 半衰期的对数随质量数之间符合二次曲线关系。 这说明了IT衰变的半衰期和质量数A之间有着一个指数关系。 对这一段同质异能态衰变中跃迁多极性的分析可让人们对有关物理性质有更清楚的认识。 对发现的简单规律也给出了可能的物理解释。     

重核熔合耗散动力学

用双中心核态参数描写重核熔合过程,以一个布朗粒子通过二次势位垒的简化模型得到了熔合几率的解析表达式.在两碰撞核的接触处,颈部变量的变化遵守高斯分布,而沿拉长方向的初始平均动能由表面摩擦模型所确定.计算了几个对称和近似对称的反应系统的熔合激发函数,并与实验结果进行了比较.讨论了颈部增长和初始能量损失对熔合障碍产生的效应. Dissipative dynamics of fusion of massive nuclei is studied in terms of the two center shape parameterization. Fusion probability is obtained analytically from a Brownian particle passing over a parabolic potential barrier along the elongation coordinate. The neck variable at the initial contact shape is supposed to be a Gaussian distribution. Fusion probabilities of several symmetric or nearly symmetric systems in central collisions are calculatedand compared with experimental data. Effects of neck folding...     

混凝土声发射信号源定位精度的细观模型计算分析

混凝土内部在断裂时会产生相应的声发射信号,通过这一信号,混凝土内部损伤断裂区域可以被定位。然而,混凝土是一种多相非均匀材料,而声发射定位算法是基于均匀介质假设进行计算的,因此采用该算法对其定位会产生一定的误差,有必要从细观的角度研究混凝土非均匀性对定位精度的影响。该文基于随机骨料模型以及时差定位算法(基于遗传算法),建立了一种用于估计混凝土声发射定位误差的定量估算模型。采用该模型定量估算分析了混凝土细观组分对其声速的影响,并在该分析结构的基础上继续分析了骨料含量以及声速取值偏差对定位精度的影响。结果表明,在正常骨料含量变化范围内,骨料含量对定位精度影响不大,而声速取值偏差对定位精度的影响远大于骨料含量对其的影响。     

新核素65Se半衰期的首次实验测定

根据⁴⁰Ca(²⁸Si,3n)反应中观测到的⁶⁵Seβ延迟质子衰变实验数据,拟合计算粒子望远镜对运动放射源的绝对探测效率,精确测定了⁶⁵Se的半衰期为9.6ms,其β延迟质子能量为3.70±0.08MeV,由此修订了⁶⁵Se的部分衰变纲图.     

利用有效液滴模型对超重元素α衰变半衰期的研究

利用有效液滴模型计算了偶偶超重核的α衰变半衰期,计算过程中采用了保持碎片体积守恒的不对称形状描述以及有效惯性系数计算Gamow势垒穿透因子.首先在质子数Z为88—98的区域检验了有效液滴模型,发现计算结果与实验符合得比较好.随后将此模型推广到Z≥100的情况,虽然只用了两个模型参数,计算结果与实验数据符合,说明有效液滴模型是计算偶偶超重核素α衰变半衰期的一个成功模型.     

Calculation of decay half-lives for superheavy elements using the double folding model

α decay half-lives of some new synthesized superheavy elements, possibly synthesized superheavy elements and decay products are calculated theoretically within the WKB approximation by using microscopic m-nucleus interaction potentials. These nuclear potentials between the α particle and daughter nuclei are obtained by using the double folding integral of the matter density distribution of the α particle and daughter nuclei with a density-dependent effective nucleon-nucleon interaction, in which the zero-range exchange term is supplemented. The calculated α decay half-lives are compared with those of the different models and experimental data. It is shown that the present calculation successfully provides the half-lives of the observed αdecays for some new superheavy elements and therefore gives reliable predictions for α decay of possibly synthesized superheavy elements in future experiments.     

Alpha decay half-lives of heavy nuclei within a generalized liquid drop model

Theoretical α-decay half-lives of the heaviest nuclei are calculated using the experimental Qα value. The barriers in the quasi-molecular shape path is determined within a Generalized Liquid Drop Model (GLDM) and the WKB approximation is used. The results are compared with calculations using the DensityDependent M3Y (DDM3Y) effective interaction and the Viola-Seaborg-Sobiczewski (VSS) formulae. The calculations provide consistent estimates for the half-lives of the α decay chains of these superheavy elements. The experimental data stand between the GLDM calculations and VSS ones in the most time.     

Alpha decay half-lives of heavy nuclei within a generalized liquid drop model

Theoretical α-decay half-lives of the heaviest nuclei are calculated using the experimental Q_α value. The barriers in the quasi-molecular shape path is determined within a Generalized Liquid Drop Model (GLDM) and the WKB approximation is used. The results are compared with calculations using the Density-Dependent M3Y (DDM3Y) effective interaction and the Viola-Seaborg-Sobiczewski (VSS) formulae. The calculations provide consistent estimates for the half-lives of the α decay chains of these superheavy elements. The experimental data stand between the GLDM calculations and VSS ones in the most time.     

Systematic calculations of cluster radioactivity half-lives in trans-lead nuclei

In the present work, based on the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) theory, considering the cluster preformation probability (\begin{document}$ P_{c} $\end{document}), we systematically investigate the cluster radioactivity half-lives of 22 trans-lead nuclei ranging from ²²¹Fr to ²⁴²Cm. When the mass number of the emitted cluster \begin{document}$ A_{c} $\end{document} \begin{document}$ < $\end{document} 28, \begin{document}$P_{c} $\end{document} is obtained by the exponential relationship of \begin{document}$ P_{c} $\end{document} to the α decay preformation probability (\begin{document}$ P_{\alpha} $\end{document}) proposed by R. Blendowskeis \begin{document}$ et $\end{document} \begin{document}$ al. $\end{document} [Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 1930 (1988)], while \begin{document}$ P_{\alpha} $\end{document} is calculated through the cluster-formation model (CFM). When \begin{document}$ A_{c} $\end{document} \begin{document}$ \ge $\end{document} 28, \begin{document}$ P_{c} $\end{document} is calculated through the charge-number dependence of \begin{document}$ P_{c} $\end{document} on the decay products proposed by Ren \begin{document}$ et $\end{document} \begin{document}$ al. $\end{document} [Phys. Rev. C 70, 034304 (2004)]. The half-lives of cluster radioactivity have been calculated by the density-dependent cluster model [Phys. Rev. C 70, 034304 (2004)] and by the unified formula of half-lives for alpha decay and cluster radioactivity [Phys. Rev. C 78, 044310 (2008)]. For comparison, a universal decay law (UDL) proposed by Qi \begin{document}$ et $\end{document} \begin{document}$ al. $\end{document} [Phys. Rev. C 80, 044326 (2009)], a semi-empirical model for both α decay and cluster radioactivity proposed by Santhosh [J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 35, 085102 (2008)], and a unified formula of half-lives for alpha decay and cluster radioactivity [Phys. Rev. C 78, 044310 (2008)] are also used. The calculated results of our work, Ni's formula , and the UDL can well reproduce the experimental data and are better than those of Santhosh's model. In addition, we extend this model to predict the half-lives for 51 nuclei, whose cluster radioactivity is energetically allowed or observed but not yet quantified in NUBASE2020.     

有效液滴模型对超铅区结团放射性的研究

利用有效液滴模型计算了超铅区结团放射半衰期.在计算Gamow势垒穿透因子时采用了碎块体积不守恒以及有效惯性系数因子,并用有效的核半径常数公式代替原来的经验公式.理论计算得到的结团放射半衰期和实验值符合得很好,其半衰期对数值的均方差只有0.895.理论结果表明,有效液滴模型能充分反映N=126和Z=82的壳效应,并且在奇数结团25Ne,29Mg中出现了明显的奇偶质量摆动现象.另外,理论计算得到的结团半衰期基本符合盖革-努塔尔定律,并基于理论结果得到了一些关于盖革-努塔尔定律的有意义的结论.     

Unified fission model for proton emission

The unified fission model (UFM) combining with the phenomenological assault frequency has been carried out to investigate the proton-radioactivity half-lives of spherical proton emitters. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data and other theoretical values, and newly observed spherical proton emitters have been analyzed. Finally, the effect of angular momentum transfer on half-life of proton emission has been discussed in detail and a formula can be used to describe this relationship.     

Study of cluster decay of heavy nuclei

The last results of studying radioactive decay of heavy nuclei ²³²Th, ²³⁶U, ²³⁶Pu and ²⁴²Cm using different dielectric detector types and methods of their development have presented.     

Distinction between pre-formed cluster emission and heavy ion decay by fission

For studying cluster radioactivity in the actinide region as well as trans-tin region two types of models are used: the pre-cluster formation model and the unified fission model. In the case of the actinide region, the cluster-like shapes are preferred for very high asymmetry while fissioning shapes are more suitable for less asymmetry and symmetry (the line of demarcation being around A _c =31). In this work this line of demarcation is studied in the case of the trans-tin region. The results of this study show that the transition from cluster mode to fission mode takes place at A _c =16.     

Unified fission model for proton emission

The unified fission model （UFM） combining with the phenomenological assault frequency has been carried out to investigate the proton-radioactivity half-lives of spherical proton emitters. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data and other theoretical values, and newly observed spherical proton emitters have been analyzed. Finally, the effect of angular momentum transfer on half-life of proton emission has been discussed in detail and a formula can be used to describe this relationship.     

Cluster preformation in heavy nuclei and radioactivity half-lives

Various cluster radioactivities of heavy nuclei have been investigated by using the unified fission model (UFM). The cluster preformation factors have been extracted by employing the UFM connected with the experimental half-lives, and the relationship of preformation probability between the cluster and -particle has been discussed in detail. In addition, the cluster preformation probability has been studied in the framework of statistical physics. Some useful predictions on the cluster emission half-lives are provided for future experiments.