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1.
We have synthesized the composition x = 0.01 of the (Sr 1-xLa x) 2(Ta 1-xTi x) 2O 7 solid solution, mixing the ferroelectric perovskite phases Sr 2Ta 2O 7 and La 2Ti 2O 7. Related oxide and oxynitride materials have been produced as thin films by magnetron radio frequency sputtering. Reactive sputter deposition was conducted at 750 °C under a 75 vol.% (Ar) + 25 vol.% (N 2,O 2) mixture. An oxygen-free plasma leads to the deposition of an oxynitride film (Sr 0.99La 0.01) (Ta 0.99Ti 0.01)O 2N, characterized by a band gap E g = 2.30 eV and a preferential (001) epitaxial growth on (001) SrTiO 3 substrate. Its dielectric constant and loss tangent are respectively Epsilon' = 60 (at 1 kHz) and tanDelta = 62.5 × 10 −3. In oxygen-rich conditions (vol.%N 2 ≤ 15%), (110) epitaxial (Sr 0.99La 0.01) 2(Ta 0.99Ti 0.01) 2O 7 oxides films are deposited, associated to a larger band gap value (E g = 4.55 eV). The oxide films permittivity varies from 45 to 25 (at 1 kHz) in correlation with the decrease in crystalline orientation; measured losses are lower than 5.10 −3. For 20 ≤ vol.% N 2 ≤ 24.55, the films are poorly crystallized, leading to very low permittivities (minimum Epsilon' = 3). A correlation between the dielectric losses and the presence of an oxynitride phase in the samples is highlighted. 相似文献
2.
There are few methods yielding oxynitride crystals with defined shape, yet shape‐controlled crystals often give enhanced photoactivity. Herein, single‐crystalline SrTaO 2N nanoplates and polyhedra are achieved selectively. Central to these synthetic advances is the crystallization pathways used, in which single‐crystalline SrTaO 2N nanoplates form by topotactic nitridation of aerosol‐prepared Sr 2Ta 2O 7 nanoplates and SrTaO 2N polyhedra form by flux‐assisted nitridation of the nanoplates. Evaluation of these materials for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) showed improved performance for the SrTaO 2N nanoplates, with a record apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 6.1 % for OER compared to the polyhedra (AQE: 1.6 %) and SrTaO 2N polycrystals (AQE: 0.6 %). The enhanced performance from the nanoplates arises from their morphology and lower defect density. These results highlight the importance of developing new synthetic routes to high quality oxynitrides. 相似文献
3.
A mixture of Ta and 25 mass% Cu elemental powders was subjected to mechanical alloying in a high-energy ball mill up to 60 h. The results are composite particles formed by nanocrystalline Cu and amorphous Ta phases. Thermal stability of amorphous was investigated by DSC. The XRD, FTIR and EDX analyses of Ta–25 mass% Cu powder milled for 60 h performed after DSC at 800 and 900 °C have revealed large amounts of Ta nitride and Ta oxides even though the milling process was done in Ar atmosphere. This is due to high reactivity of Ta fine particles with oxygen and nitrogen from air. During manipulations of the powder (taking samples from vials and its investigation), the adsorption phenomena on its surface occur, and both surface-adsorbed N2 and O2 are processed with powder and embedded in it. While heating of Ta–25% Cu milled powder in DSC, nitrogen and oxygen diffusion into tantalum is activated, and Ta2N and TaO2/Ta2O5 compound forms. 相似文献
4.
We report a new low temperature method for the synthesis of LnNiO 3 (Ln = Eu, Gd) at 400 °C under 180 bar oxygen pressure with the flux method. Utilization of the LiCl/KCl flux allowed for a decrease of the reaction temperature from 1000 °C and resulted in the synthesis of pure phase compounds. These materials have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. LnNiO 3 (Ln = Eu and Gd) compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic GdFeO 3-type perovskite structure (space group: Pbnm). Both materials decompose to Ln 2O 3 and NiO at 775 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere and undergo reduction to Ln 2O 3 and Ni metal (at 385 °C and 340 °C for Eu and Gd, respectively) under a hydrogen atmosphere (10% H 2/N 2). Attempts to prepare the first T′-type infinite layer compound with Ni 2+, EuNiO 2, by low temperature reduction of EuNiO 3 were unsuccessful. 相似文献
5.
Structural Investigations on the Oxidenitrides SrTaO 2N, CaTaO 2N and LaTaON 2 by Neutron and X‐ray Powder Diffraction The crystal structures of the perovskite related oxidenitrides SrTaO 2N, LaTaON 2 and CaTaO 2N have been determined with special regard to the structures of the respective anionic partial structure. The structure refinements were performed by individual Rietveld analyses of both X‐ray and neutron powder diffractograms and in addition by joint refinements in order to confirm the results. Both refinement methods yield consistent structure solutions. At least the first two compounds have fully ordered anionic sublattices. The crystal structure of SrTaO 2N has been solved in the space group I4/mcm (a = 5.7049(3) Å, c = 8.0499(5) Å, R p = 0.0706, R wp = 0.0904, reflections: 70 (neutrons)/36 (X‐ray), R(F 2)(n) = 0.147, R(F 2)(X) = 0.0952), with an ordered anionic partial structure. LaTaON 2 crystallizes monoclinic (C2/m, a = 8.0922(3) Å, b = 8.0603(2) Å, c = 5.7118(2) Å, β = 134.815(1)°, R p = 0.0592, R wp = 0.0766, reflections: 235(n)/113(X), R(F 2)(n) = 0.0944, R(F 2)(X) = 0.165) and also shows a totally ordered distribution of the anions. In the case of CaTaO 2N (Pnma, a = 5.6239(3) Å, b = 7.8954(4) Å, c = 5.5473(3) Å, R p = 0.0503, R wp = 0.0656, reflections 206(n)/110(X), R(F 2)(n) = 0.0985, R(F 2)(X) = 0.0405) slightly unbalanced displacement parameters (neutron data, ordered O/N distribution model) hint at a partial exchange of oxygen and nitrogen. 相似文献
6.
In this work the preparation and photocatalytic properties of strontium tantalum oxides with perovskite-type structures are
presented. The perovskite-type oxides were prepared by the sol–gel method and annealed at 800, 900 and 1,000 °C for 36 h.
Before and after annealing the solids were characterized by XRD, N 2 adsorption (BET), UV–visible (diffuse reflectance), FTIR, TGA–DTA, and SEM-EDS techniques. The X-ray diffraction patterns
of the samples showed the coexistence of three strontium tantalate oxides, Sr 2Ta 2O 7, SrTa 4O 11, and Sr 5Ta 4O 15, the relative amounts of which were highly dependent on the annealing temperature. It has been proposed that the photoactivity
of the oxides in the decomposition of crystal violet dye could be related to the proportion of the Sr 2Ta 2O 7 phase in the annealed samples. 相似文献
7.
In this work, samples of Y 0.07Sr 0.93Ti 1-xFe xO 3-δ with 20, 40, 60 and 80 mol% of iron amount were prepared by a low-temperature polymer precursor method. The SEM-EDS analysis proved that analyzed Y 0.07Sr 0.93Ti 1-xFe xO 3-δ samples were composites of two Ti- and Fe-rich perovskite samples. This kind of composite consists of two phases in which one has a good ionic and the other electronic conductivity, which makes such a composite a potential mixed ionic and electronic conductors (MIECs) material. The total electrical conductivities of analyzed samples were measured in air atmosphere (cathode conditions in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell). The values changed from ∼10 −3 to 10 −1 S cm −1 and depended on the ratio between two observed perovskite phases. The 0.12 S cm −1 conductivity value at 800 °C for sample with the highest amount of Fe-rich perovskite in the structure makes this composite material a candidate for air electrode in electrochemical devices. 相似文献
8.
Nitrido-Silicates. II. High Temperature Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Sr 2Si 5N 8 and Ba 2Si 5N 8 Pure Sr 2Si 5N 8 and Ba 2Si 5N 8 were obtained by reaction of silicon diimide with metallic strontium and barium, respectively. The reactions have been carried out under nitrogen atmosphere in a specially developed high-frequency furnace at temperatures between 1 550 and 1 650°C. Sr 2Si 5N 8 (Pmn2 1, a = 571.0(2), b = 682.2(2), c = 934.1(2) pm, Z = 2, R = 0.037, wR = 0.021) and Ba 2Si 5N 8 (Pmn2 1, a = 578.3(2), b = 695.9(2), c = 939.1(2) pm, Z = 2, R = 0.022, wR = 0.018) are isotypic and contain M 2+ ions as well as a three-dimensional covalent network structure of corner-sharing SiN 4 tetrahedra. Two sorts of N occur with molar ratio 1 : 1 which are bonded to two and three Si, respectively. Predominantly, the N which are bonded to two Si belong to the coordination spheres of the M 2+ ions. 相似文献
9.
Polymorphism of SrTa 2O 6 Orthorhombic SrTa 2O 6 is a new low temperature modification related to orthorhombic CaTa 2O 6. SrTa 2O 6(orh.) was obtained when the wellknown modification SrTa 2O 6(TTB) which is related to the tetragonal tungsten bronzes was heated in the presence of a transporting agent (chlorine) or a mineralizer (melt of B 2O 3) at temperatures below 1150°C. It could be prepared by the reaction of a 1:1 mixture of Sr(NO 3) 2 or SrCO 3 with Ta 2O 5 in a sealed quartz glass tube as well. SrTa 2O 6(orh.) also occurred as an intermediate phase of the reaction of the corresponding 1:2 mixture at temperatures below 900°C (e. g. 840°C). Indexing of Guinier powder patterns led to the following unit cell: a = 11.006 Å, b = 7.638 Å, c = 5.622 Å. At temperatures above 1220°C SrTa 2O 6(orh.) changes (in air) to SrTa 2O 6(TTB). A reversal of this transition could not be achieved without the presence of a mineralizer or a transporting agent. Ca xSr 1?xTa 2O 6 solid solutions of the low temperature form could not definitely be established. However, at 1300°C solid TTB solutions of Ca xSr 1?xTa 2O 6 were formed. For x > 0.05 the TTB unit cells are orthorhombically distorted. For x ≥ 0.85 the x-ray powder patterns of the solid solutions looked like the one of CaTa 2O 6(orh.) and no TTB-structure was observed at 1300°C. 相似文献
10.
The denitrification process occurring in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is responsible for nitrous oxide (N 2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions. These compounds indirectly lead to the global warming. In this study, we investigated the impact of the temperature on N 2O and NO emissions. Experiments were achieved at PH 7 in a batch reactor with acetate as the carbon source. The nitrogen source was nitrates (NO 3−) and the COD/N ratio was set to three. Results showed that NO and N 2O emissions increased when the temperature decreased. NO emissions appeared only at 10 °C and 5 °C, with respectively 8% and 18% of the total denitrified nitrogen. N 2O emissions increased from 13 to 40 then 82% of the total denitrified nitrogen, respectively at 20, 10 and 5 °C. Several hypotheses were suggested to explain these results: a general enzymatic slow down, enzymatic inhibitions, electron donor competition between the different enzymes and metabolic pathway alterations. 相似文献
11.
Mesoporous anatase TiO 2 microspheres were prepared via solvothermal method. Ammonium tungstate was used as the W source, and ammonia gas flowing in an ammonothermal reactor as the N source for codoping. TiO 2:(W,N) mesoporous microspheres, which were prepared from solvothermal treatment at 160 °C for 16 h and thermal ammonolysis at 500 °C for 2 h after calcination, have high specific surface area of 106 m 2 g −1. XPS results indicate the presence of N O, N i and W 6+ in the codoped mesoporous TiO 2 microspheres. Monodoping with N shifts the absorption band edge of anatase TiO 2 from ultraviolet region to visible region. Although codoping with W makes the visible light absorbance decrease a little, the photocatalytic degradation of a cationic dye rhodamine B (RhB) on mesoporous TiO 2:(W,N) microspheres is increased to 1.7 times of that on mesoporous TiO 2:N microspheres. This may due to decreasing recombination centers by W-doping charge compensation. 相似文献
12.
SrSi 2O 2N 2 is an important host lattice for Eu 2+ doped phosphors. Its crystal structure (space group P1, a = 7.0802(2) Å, b = 7.2306(2) Å, c = 7.2554(2) Å, α = 88.767(3)°, β = 84.733(2)°, γ = 75.905(2)° and V = 358.73(2) Å 3, Z = 4) is isotypic with EuSi 2O 2N 2: highly condensed silicate layers are separated by Sr 2+. The samples are characterized by pronounced real structure effects owing to pseudosymmetry of partial structures. Polysynthetic twinning with domains of various sizes is ubiquitous and oriented intergrowth of domains with different orientations has also been observed and analysed in detail by means of electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy. These effects also affect the X-ray powder pattern and were taken into account in a Rietveld refinement. 相似文献
13.
Sr 2(OLi 2Sr 4)[CrN 4] 2, a Nitridochromate(VI)‐Oxide with Oxygen in Tetragonal‐Bipyramidal Coordination by Lithium and Strontium Green gleaming crystals of Sr 2(OLi 2Sr 4)[CrN 4] 2 were prepared by reaction of Li, Sr and CrN/Cr 2N (approximate 1 : 1 mixture) with flowing nitrogen at 900 °C (molar overall composition Li : Sr : Cr = 6 : 1 : ∼3). The oxygen content results from a leak in the gas supply. The crystal structure was determined by single crystal methods (triclinic; P1; a = 615.87(9) pm, b = 682.50(10) pm, c = 754.30(8) pm, α = 82.302(14)°, β = 75.197(10)°, γ = 70.133(13)°; Z = 1) and contains distorted tetragonal bipyramids (OLi 2Sr 4) 8+ and [Cr VIN 4] 6–‐tetrahedra besides Sr 2+. 相似文献
14.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of a New Sialon – SrSiAl 2O 3N 2 The sialon SrSiAl 2O 3N 2 was obtained as a coarsly crystalline solid by reaction of silicon diimide, aluminum nitride, and strontium carbonate under N 2 atmosphere in a high-frequency furnace at 1650 °C. According to the single-crystal structure determination the title compound is isotypic with LnSi 3N 5 (Ln = La, Ce, Nd, Pr). SrSiAl 2O 3N 2 (P2 12 12 1, a = 491.98(6), b = 789.73(7), c = 1134.94(18) pm, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0439, wR2 = 0.0939). In the solid a three-dimensional network structure of corner sharing SiON 3, AlO 3N, and AlO 2N 2 tetrahedra occurs. Lattice energetic calculations using the MAPLE concept confirm an unequivocally correct crystallographic differentiation between N and O as well as Al and Si atoms, respectively (Al–O: 167.4(5)–170.6(6); Al–N: 175.4(6)–179.4(6); Si–O: 171.2(6); SiN: 176.7(6)–179.6(6) pm). The Sr 2+ ions are located in the voids of the (SiAl 2O 3N 2) 2– framework (Sr–O: 250.4(6)–304.2(6); Sr–N: 287.4(6) 318.2(6) pm). 相似文献
15.
Cobalt-free perovskite oxide La 0.5Sr 0.5Fe 0.8Cu 0.2O 3 − δ (LSFC) was applied as both anode and cathode for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells (SSOFCs). The LSFC shows a reversible transition between a cubic perovskite phase in air and a mixture of SrFeLaO 4, a K 2NiF 4-type layered perovskite oxide, metallic Cu and LaFeO 3 in reducing atmosphere at elevated temperature. The average thermal expansion coefficient of LSFC in air is 17.7 × 10 − 6 K − 1 at 25 °C to 900 °C. By adopting LSFC as initial electrodes to fabricate electrolyte supported SSOFCs, the cells generate maximum power output of 1054, 795 and 577 mW cm − 2 with humidified H 2 fuel (~ 3% H 2O) and 895, 721 and 482 mW cm − 2 with humidified syngas fuel (H 2:CO = 1:1) at 900, 850 and 800 °C, respectively. Moreover, the cell with humidified H 2 fuel demonstrates a reasonable stability at 800 °C under 0.7 V for 100 h. 相似文献
16.
Ba 0.9R 0.1Co 0.7Fe 0.225Ta 0.075O 3-δ (BRCFT, R = Ca, La or Sr) membranes were synthesized by a solid-state reaction. Metal cation Ca 2+, La 3+ or Sr 2+ doping on A-site partially substituted Ba 2+ in BaCo 0.7Fe 0.225Ta 0.075O 3-δ oxides, and its subsequent effects on phase structure stability, oxygen permeability and oxygen desorption were systematically investigated by XRD, TG-DSC, H 2-TPR, O 2-TPD techniques and oxygen permeation experiments. The partial substitution with Ca 2+, La 3+ or Sr 2+, whose ionic radii are smaller than that of Ba 2+, succeeded in stabilizing the cubic perovskite structure without formation of impurity phases, as revealed by XRD analysis. Oxygen-involving experiments showed that BRCFT with A-site fully occupied by Ba 2+ exhibited good oxygen permeation flux under He flow, reaching about 2.3 mL·min −1 ·cm −2 at 900 °C with 1 mm thickness. Of all the membranes, BLCFT membrane showed better chemical stability in CO 2, owing to the reduction in alkalinity of the mixed conductor oxide by La doping. In addition, we also found the stability of the perovskite structure under reducing atmospheres was strengthened by increasing the size of A-site cation (Ba 2+>La 3+>Sr 2+>Ca 2+). 相似文献
17.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of the First Oxonitridoborate — Sr 3[B 3O 3N 3] The cyclotri(oxonitridoborate) Sr 3[B 3O 3N 3] was synthesized at 1450 °C as coarsely crystalline colourless crystals by the reaction of SrCO 3 with poly(boron amide imide) using a radiofrequency furnace. The structure was solved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometry (Sr 3[B 3O 3N 3], Z = 4, P2 1/ n, a = 663.16(2), b = 786.06(2), c = 1175.90(3) pm, η = 92.393(1)°, R1= 0.0441, wR2 = 0.1075, 1081 independent reflections, 110 refined parameters). Besides Sr 2+ there are hitherto unknown cyclic [B 3O 3N 3] 6— ions (B—N 143.7(10) — 149.1(9) pm, B—O 140.5(8) — 141.4(8) pm). 相似文献
18.
Thick films of the perovskite-related oxynitrides LaTiO 2N, NdTiO 2N, SrNbO 2N and SrTaO 2N were synthesised by nitridation of single crystals of the corresponding oxides with general composition ABO 3.5. The oxide crystals were obtained by optical floating zone growth. They correspond to n = 4 member of the AnBnO 3n+2 family of layered perovskites and were reacted at temperatures between 900 °C and 1050 °C to form the oxynitrides. Electron probe microanalysis proved the presence of nitrogen in a surface layer of a few micrometer thickness. Cross-section SEM revealed additional thin stripes of oxynitride within the bulk of the crystals, indicating that nitrogen is incorporated preferably parallel to the perovskite-type layers, which in turn are connected in a zipper-type mechanism. The formation of the desired perovskite-type oxynitrides was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Pole figure measurements proved an epitaxial orientation ABO 2N (110)[001] ABO 3.5 (001)[100]. The mosaicity of the oxynitrides both in polar and azimuthal direction was very small (<2°) indicating a nearly single crystalline quality of the surface layer. The nitridation of the crystals results in a dramatic change in colour. Optical spectroscopy revealed shifts of the absorption edge by more than 200 nm to longer wavelengths with respect to the parent oxides, corresponding to a reduction of the band gap energies by 1.4–1.8 eV. 相似文献
19.
Phase relations have been investigated within the Sr 5Nb 4O 15−SrTiO 3−Sr 4Nb 2O 9 region of the SrO−Nb 2O 5−TiO 2 system with a view to clarifying the occurrence of fully oxidised perovskite related phases. Overall phase analysis was carried
out by powder X-ray diffraction and microstructures were clarified by transmission electron microscopy. There is only one
main composition triangle in this area at 1350°C. The tie-line between Sr 5Nb 4O 15 and SrTiO 3 contains a homologous series of hexagonal layered perovskite phases including Sr 6Nb 4TiO 18 and Sr 7Nb 4Ti 2O 21. The phase Sr 4Nb 2O 9 is a nonstoichiometric phase with a disordered perovskite structure. There is some extension of this phase along the Sr 4Nb 2O 9−SrTiO 3 tie-line, but SrTiO 3 does not show a significant composition range. Samples with a composition Sr 4Nb 2O 9, when heated at 900°C show several ordered modifications. Samples along the Sr 4Nb 2O 9−SrTiO 3 tie-line which are annealed at 900°C contain these ordered materials together with samples showing considerable short range
order which increases as the Ti content increases. 相似文献
20.
Via sol–gel processing metal–organic fibers were produced and dried up to 140 °C. For these gel fibers the influence of a
treatment in different atmospheres was investigated for the temperature range of 200–850 °C. The atmospheres were nitrogen,
water vapor, evaporated nitric and hydrochloric acid and evaporated hydrogen peroxide. In the presence of moisture and especially
with acidic moisture fibers were transformed almost completely to their oxide composition (82 mol% Al 2O 3·18 mol% Y 2O 3). In these inorganic amorphous structures considerable differences were observed on several structural levels. On the atomic
scale, the coordination of Al ions was investigated by 27Al MAS NMR and skeletal density by He-pycnometry. Porosity in the nm scale was characterized by N 2-sorption. As a macroscopic effect of different treatment atmospheres, the longitudinal shrinkage was observed. For fibers
treated at 500 °C the relative shrinkage varied by 100% (comparing water vapor and nitrogen atmosphere). No simple correlation
between the release of organic constituents, the formation of porosity and the shrinkage could be found. These aspects were
controlled by the rigidity of the inorganic network against atomic reconstitution. The kind of atmosphere was found to be
an effective parameter to control various aspects of the xerogel structure. 相似文献
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