Techniques for the analysis of pentacyclic triterpenoids in medicinal plants

Triterpenes are a major class of chemical compounds found in natural plants and can be categorized into acyclic triterpenoids, monocyclic triterpenoids, tricyclic triterpenoids, tetracyclic triterpenoids, and pentacyclic triterpenoids. Among them, pentacyclic triterpenoids have gained more extensive attention due to their biological activities, including anti‐inflammation, antibacterial, antioxidation, antitumor, anti‐HIV, hepatoprotection, and immunological adjuvant properties. In this review, we summarize the extraction and analytical methods for pentacyclic triterpenoids, where more than 56 triterpenes from 49 kinds of plants were involved. The analysis methods include gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, thin‐layer chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, NMR spectroscopy, and X‐ray spectroscopy. This review provides valuable reference for the determination of pentacyclic triterpenoids in medicinal plants.     

Recent methodological and instrumental development in MEKC

The review gives an update about the methodological and instrumental developments in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography as a type of CE analytical technique. Here, the last two years development of the technique are particularly presented. Recent approaches to improve sensitivity are discussed. Newly introduced concentration techniques and experimental methods for verification of the different mechanisms and processes of micellar electrokinetic chromatography analysis are highlighted. A theoretical model to explain changes in separation and electrophoretic mobility order of fully charged analytes are demonstrated. Modern approaches for improving compatibility of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography to mass spectrometry are also reported.     

Recent developments in the characterization of nucleic acids by liquid chromatography,capillary electrophoresis,ion mobility,and mass spectrometry (2010–2020)

The development of new strategies for the analysis of nucleic acids has gained momentum due to the increased interest in using these biomolecules as drugs or drug targets. The application of new mass spectrometry ion activation techniques and the optimization of separation methods including liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and ion mobility have allowed more detailed characterization of nucleic acids and oligonucleotide therapeutics including confirmation of sequence, localization of modifications and interaction sites, and structural analysis as well as identification of failed sequences and degradation products. This review will cover tandem mass spectrometry methods as well as the recent developments in liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and ion mobility coupled to mass spectrometry for the analysis of nucleic acids and oligonucleotides.     

茶多酚的色谱分析法

 对茶多酚的主要成分――儿茶素的色谱分析法进行了综述。重点介绍了应用最多的反相高 效液相色谱法,同时简述了平板色谱法、气相色谱法以及目前出现的新的色谱分析方法。     

Design of experiment techniques for the optimization of chromatographic analysis conditions: A review

Design of experiment (DoE) techniques have been widely used in the field of chromatographic parameters optimization as a valuable tool. A systematic literature review of the available DoE techniques applied to the development of a chromatographic analysis method is presented in this paper. First, the most common available designs and the implementation steps of DoE are comprehensively introduced. Then the studies in recent 10 years for the application of DoE techniques in various chromatographic techniques are discussed, such as capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, and high-speed countercurrent chromatography. Current problems and future outlooks are finally given to provide a certain inspiration of research in the application of DoE techniques to the different chromatographic techniques field. This review contributes to a better understanding of the DoE techniques for the efficient optimization of chromatographic analysis conditions, especially for the analysis of complex systems, such as multicomponent drugs and natural products.     

Capillary electrophoresis-based methods for the determination of lipids--a review

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a high-resolution technique for the separation of complex biological and chemical mixtures. CE continues to emerge as a powerful tool in the determination of lipids. Here we review the analytical potential of CE for the determination of a wide range of lipids. The different classes of lipids are introduced, and the different modes of CE and optimization methods for the separation of lipids are described. The advantages and disadvantages of the different modes of CE compared to traditional methods like gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) in the determination of lipids are discussed. Finally, the potential of CE in the determination of lipids in the future is illustrated.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备开管毛细管柱的研究进展

介绍了溶胶-凝胶法制备开管毛细管柱的方法,分析了溶胶-凝胶法制备开管毛细管柱的影响因素和特点,总结了溶胶-凝胶技术在毛细管气相色谱柱、毛细管液相色谱柱、毛细管电泳柱及电色谱柱方面的应用进展。     

毛细管离子色谱进展

从毛细管离子色谱柱制备和毛细管离子色谱仪器研制两方面评述了毛细管离子色谱目前的发展状况。毛细管离子色谱柱包括开管离子色谱柱，毛细管颗粒填充离子色谱柱以及最近几年发展起来的整体毛细管离子色谱柱。对毛细管离子色谱仪的总结包括微流量泵、小体积进样器、适合毛细管离子色谱系统的小体积抑制器、电导和光学检测器等。     

复杂生物体系中蛋白质高效分离分析技术的新进展

继人类基因组计划完成之后,作为一种新的研究策略,蛋白质组学在生命科学研究中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用。由于生物体系的复杂性和多样性,使得分离效率高、灵敏度高、通量高和动态范围宽的分离分析技术平台的研究和应用已成为蛋白质组学研究的重点和热点之一。着重介绍了近年来应用日益广泛的多维色谱预分离、毛细管液相色谱-质谱联用、毛细管电泳及其与质谱联用等高效分离分析技术在复杂生物体系的蛋白质分析中的最新进展。引用相关文献40篇。     

砷形态分析方法进展

对色谱分析技术中液相色谱法、气相色谱法、光谱分析技术、毛细管电泳分析技术用于砷形态分析进行了评述,比较了各种方法的优缺点。引用文献30篇。     

Achiral and chiral separation and analysis of antifungal drugs by HPLC and CE: A comparative study: Mini review

The chromatographic and electrophoretic methods developed for the chiral and achiral analyses if antifungal agents are reviewed. The aim of this review is to compare different methodologies of analytical methods and to explore still the existing analytical problems. Last decade is characterized by dynamic development of instrumental methods that results in advance and diversity of applied analytical procedures. The enantiomeric separation of several compounds, including an antifungal drug and several of its precursors, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) is described in this work. The main focus was given to HPLC, the technique of choice in the analysis of most of the pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. The columns used were based on polysaccharide derivatives. However, the results show that most of the separations obtained by CE are better, in terms of high resolution and short analysis time. The review discusses the chromatographic analysis of the following triazole antifungal drugs: fluconazole, itraconazole, and terconazole from the first generation and posaconazole, voriconazole, ravuconazole, isavuconazole, and albaconazole from the second generation in their pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples.     

毛细管离子色谱分析系统研究进展

离子色谱是目前分析离子型样品的成熟技术,其水相工作介质的特点相对于液相色谱更适合于生物样品的分析。毛细管离子色谱(CIC)由于其节省样品的特点在生物分析方面的优势更为明显。CIC大体上可分为开管型、填充柱型和整体柱型3种类型。本文以填充型CIC几大关键部件技术发展为主线,综述了近年来CIC的研究进展。     

砷形态分析方法进展

对光变分析法,高效液相色谱法,毛细管电泳法以及气相色谱法在砷形态分析中的应用进行了评述,比较了各种方法的优缺点,引用文献82篇。     

Laser‐Induced Fluorometry for Capillary Electrophoresis

Laser‐induced fluorometry (LIF) has achieved the detection of single molecules, which ranks it among the most sensitive of detection techniques, whereas capillary electrophoresis (CE) is known as a powerful separation method with resolution that is beyond the reach of many other types of chromatography. Therefore, a coupling of LIF with CE has established an unrivaled analytical technique in terms of sensitivity and resolution. CE‐LIF has demonstrated excellent performance in bioanalytical chemistry for the high‐resolution separation and highly sensitive detection of DNAs, proteins, and small bioactive molecules. This review describes the CE‐LIF methods developed by the author's group that include indirect and direct detection using diode lasers, post‐column derivatization, and Hadamard transformation, as well as applications to the binding assays of specific DNA immunoassays of proteins and to the determination of anticancer drugs.     

开管毛细管色谱柱的制备及其在蛋白质组学研究中的应用进展

近年来随着生命科学等领域的深入发展,人们对微量样本分离分析的需求越来越高,液相色谱系统的微量化受到了更多的关注。由于开管毛细管色谱柱具有较低的反向压力,可通过采用更长的色谱柱提高柱效,从而实现对复杂生物样本的高效分离,因而成为液相色谱柱新的发展方向。本文对开管毛细管色谱柱的制备方法及应用进展进行了综述。     

定量结构-性质关系在分析化学中的应用研究进展

定量结构-性质关系研究应用理论计算方法和各种统计分析工具相结合,研究系列化合物的结构与其生物学性质和各种物理化学性质之间的定量函数关系．它不仅可以建立预测化合物的各种物理化学性质以及生物活性的理论,而且还可以发现和确定对化合物的各种性质起决定作用的结构因素,从而在分子水平上了解物质的微观结构对各种宏观性质的影响,在很多领域得到了广泛的应用．主要介绍定量结构—性质关系在分析化学中的应用研究,主要包括在色谱分析、毛细管电泳分析中的应用两大部分．     

Achiral and chiral analysis of duloxetine by chromatographic and electrophoretic methods,a review on the separation methodologies

Duloxetine (DLX) is a widely used antidepressant drug belonging to the class of selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs); its efficacy has been demonstrated in the treatment of not only major depressive disorders but also diabetic neuropathic pain, generalized anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia or stress urinary incontinence. It is a chiral substance and is used in therapy in the form of the enantiopure S‐DLX, which is twice as active as R‐DLX. Several methods have been published for the achiral and chiral determination of DLX in pharmaceuticals, biological materials and environmental samples, the majority using liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis coupled with different detection techniques (UV detection, fluorescence, mass spectrometry). The aim of the current review is to provide a systematic survey of the analytical techniques used for the determination of DLX from different matrices.     

细胞分裂素检测方法的研究进展

细胞分裂素是一类重要的植物生长调节激素,对这类激素进行超微定量检测对于揭示其在植物体内的信号转导机理、发挥其对作物生长的调控作用具有重要意义.本文综述了近年来细胞分裂素各种分析方法的研究进展,包括免疫分析法、气相色谱法、高效液相色谱法、毛细管电泳法和电化学方法等,介绍了实际样品常用的前处理方法,并讨论了未来的研究发展方向.     

生物样品中短链脂肪酸的提取与测定

综述了生物样品(主要为粪便、尿液、血液和培养液)中短链脂肪酸的提取与测定方法,讨论了各种样品提取方法的优缺点,并比较了气相色谱、高效液相色谱和毛细管电泳分离检测的优点和局限性。引用文献63篇。