ANISOTROPY OF MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY AND ORIGIN OF THE CHINESE LOESS AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO THE QUATERNARY RESEARCH*

Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is used in the present study to reveal thedepositional fabric on the original (windblown) loess and secondary (redeposited) loess. The two kinds of sediments mentioned above can be distinguished in terms of their susceptibility anisotropy, e.g. anisotropy degree, magnetic foliation and lineation parameters. On this basis the magnetic fabric of the Pliocene red soil underlaying the loess is studied, and compared with the results of a typical residue-deposited red clay in South China. Considering its geological features, the red soil in Xifeng is regarded probably as aeolian in origin also.     

THE TYPES OF LOESS PORES IN CHINA AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH COLLAPSIBILITY

This paper presents chiefly a classification of the loess pores in the Loess Platcau according to their origin and size and deals with the characteristics of different sorts of pores and their distributional regularities in regions and loess layers of various ages. The relationship between various pores and collapsibility is also discussed in the paper. We come tto a conclusion that the supporting openings are one of the important factors causing the subsidence on wetting because of their looseness and unstability.     

MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CHINESE LOESS AS A PALAEOCLIMATIC INDICATOR

Through the studies on low temperature susceptibility, frequency dependent susceptibility, isothermal remanent magnetization, low temperature magnetization and demagnetization for loess and palaeosols one can easily reveal some significant characters of rock magnetism for the magnetic minerals of ultrafine grain sizes, those are very difficult to identify by general geological methods. It is shown in the present study that both loess and palaeosols cover magnetic grain size from superparamagnetism, single domain to multidomain. Loess samples with relative high peramagnetic minerals are dominantly of thermally stable characteristics while palaeosols have relatively high percentage of superparamagnetic grain (0.01—0.03μm). The relative grain size of magnetite is always finer in palaeosol with higher susceptibility than in loess, indicating that many tiny ferri-ferromagnetic minerals formed during the process of soll formation, which has caused a higher susceptibility in palaeosols than in loess. The cli     

THE COMPARISON OF LANZHOU LOESS PROFILE WITH VOSTOK ICE CORE IN ANTARCTICA OVER THE LAST GLACIATION CYCLE

Loess near Lanzhou in the late Pleistocene is very sensitive to climatic fluctuations. The Beiyuan terrace profile in Linxia City, of which the curve of susceptibility tallies with the trend of isotopic curves of Vostok 2083 m ice core in Antarctica, is 35m thick. There are five layers of paleosols under Malan loess(L_1). Upper three layers (S_(1-a),S(1-b)and S_(1-c) correspond to three warm stages in last interglaciation, Interstadial of Last Glacial (C stage in Antarctic ice core)was clearly recorded in the Beiyuan profile, in which three layers of paleosols and two of loess were formed. The lowest section of the profile belongs to penultimate glaciation, in which fossils of cold-drought-resistant mammal and mollusc have been discovered.     

STUDY OF THE MECHANISM OF LOESS COLLAPSE

In this paper, firstly, the amount of collapsible space is statistically determined from the pore-size distributions of loess slices before and after collapse by using a polarizing microscope. Then, the characteristics of the structure and the copulation of loess grains are studied, and the copulations which decrease in strength upon contact with water are discovered. Lastly, by studying the joint action of external causes——a certain load and a certain moisture content——and internal conditions, the mechanism of loess collapse is advanced.     

~(10)BE AND THE ACCUMULATIONEVOLUTION OF LOESS

We report here a first series of ~(10)Be measurements on loess samples covering the last 750,000 years. The close correlation of the ~(10)Be data with δ~(18)O variations from deep sea cores allows for establishing a preliminary time scale. Based on this time scale accumulation rates and ~(10)Be fluxes can be calculated. The accumulation-evolution of loess is also discussed in terms of a simple qualitative model of ~(10)Be.     

新型空气取水复合吸附剂在沙漠气候下的吸附性能实验研究

提出了一种由粗孔球形硅胶和氯化钙组成的新型复合吸附剂SiO2穢H2O穣CaCl2。介绍了这种吸附剂的配制方法,分析了它吸附湿空气中水蒸气的原理。模拟我国塔克拉玛干沙漠地区高温干燥的气候特点:在空气温度恒为35℃、相对湿度为30%的条件下,对不同CaCl2含量的复合吸附剂和粗孔球形硅胶、细孔球形硅胶、分子筛13X进行了吸附解吸对比实验。实验表明,这种复合吸附剂的平衡吸附量we最大可达0.263kg H2O/kg干吸附剂,是粗孔球形硅胶的5.6倍、细孔球形硅胶的3.4倍、分子筛13X的1.17倍。通过对比分析它们的吸附解吸速度曲线表明,这种复合吸附剂的吸附量大、吸附速度快、解吸速度快。这种复合吸附剂在解吸温度80℃,可解吸97%以上的吸附量。因此,可用太阳能加热解吸,是一种理想的取水用吸附剂。     

THE GENETIC TYPES OF BAUXITE DEPOSITS IN CHINA

The genetic type classification of the bauxite deposits in China was oversimplified in the past and the author tries to make a relatively detailed division based on their practical conditions. First, the occurrences of bauxite deposits are divided into platform and geosyncline terrains according to their geotectonic setting. Then, the lateritic, accumulated, sedimentary, solution precipitated diagenetitc-epigenetic, regional metamorphic categories and two metacategories are established based on their main metallogenetic processes. Finally 21 types and 9 metatypes are set up according to their formation features (including genesis, sedimentary environment or major mineral features), of which several types are newly established. The classification is quite different from that of the world's bauxite deposits, the metacategories and metarypes refer to the deposits o only scientific significance at present.     

LOADING CORRECTION OF OCEANIC TIDES IN THE MAINLAND OF CHINA

The response of radial inhomogeneous elastic earth under the action of oceanic tides is studied by use of the combination of convolution integral with spherical harmonic expansion. In the meantime, the effect of oceanic tides on gravity, tilt and strain in the mainland of China is estimated, and the accuracy of loading correction is also briefly analysed. Results show that the loading effect along the coast of China cannot be neglected, for gravity it is about 5％ of body tides, for tilt it reaches the same magnitude as body tides, for strain about 50％. The result obtained can be used to provide the tidal correction for various precision geodesy. The proposal method may also be applied to the effect of other surface loading except oceanic tides.     

FIVE ISLANDS EFFECTS OF SHANGHAI URBAN CLIMATE

By combining the anthropogenic condition (the change of urban surface nature, the emission of anthropogenic heat and pollutant) and the weather condition (the large-scale air circulation and local weather situation), the author clarified the formative processes, features and relationship of the five islands (heat island, dry island, moisture island, rain island and turbidity island) effects of Shanghai urban climate. This research is not only important to the theoretical problem of how the man's activities influence the climate, but also provides scientific basis for urban weather prediction, urban air pollution protection and urban design.     

ORIGINS OF POTASH DEPOSITS IN THE QAIDAM BASIN, CHINA

The Qaidam Basin is a typically continental potash-bearing basin, which is comparatively rare in other countries. The potash deposits are widespread in the Quaternary salt lakes of the mid-western basin. At the same time, there exist many favourable conditions for the formation of potash deposits: (ⅰ)the sufficient source of potassium, (ⅱ) the optimum migration and accumulation processes of potassium, and (ⅲ) proper physico-chemical environments for separating potash salts. Owing to the differences in the supplying conditions for the external water to lake-basin and in the chemical compositions of those salt lake brines, potash deposits of various models and various types were formed.     

当前我国放射性核素迁移的实验研究

本文综述了当前我国放射性核素主要是锶铯碘铀的迁移研究，并指出了今后的发展方向。     

STUDIES ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE HONEY-BEE SPIROPLASMA IN CHINA

Spiroplasma has been successfully isolated from the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and cultivated in R-2 medium in China. The isolate, CH-1 is obtained through triple cloning. CH-1 shows a helical morphology and a contractile movement. It is 0.17 μm in diameter and its length varies considerably with different growth periods. CH-1 forms granular-type and/or fried-egg-shaped colonies, 75—210 μm in diameter, on R-2 medium. It grows normally at temperatures ranging 25—35℃ (the optimum being 28—32℃). The optimal pH for growth is 7.0. The best growth occurs in medium containing 0.25 mol/L of sucrose. Under the optimal condition, its growth reaches the stationary phase 48 h after subculture. CH-1 cannot grow in serum-free medium and its growth is inhibited by digitonin. CH-1 can metabolize glucose, fructose, maltose, and trehalose. It can dehydrate arginine, CH-1 does not have an ability to utilize urea, nor dehydrate gelatin, nor reduce methylence blue. The taxonomic position of CH-1 has also been discuss     

中国金属有机化学的进展

本文综述了中国金属有机化学的进展。第一部分是主族元素金属有机化学,它包括有机硅、硼、砷和锡的化学。第二部分是过渡金属有机化学,包括过渡金属有机络合物的合成、结构和反应;过渡金属有机络合物在有机合成中的应用;均相催化和小分子活化。综述引用文献383篇。     

煤中微量元素在燃烧过程中的变化

在分析微量元素燃烧过程中迁移变化机理的基础上,对电厂用煤和煤灰进行了采样测试,分析了电厂燃煤过程中微量元素的析出变化及在各种灰中的分布富集规律,同时用五个不同的温度段分别对煤进行了燃烧实验,研究了在不同温度下,微量元素从煤中析出的浓度和析出率,通过实验分析,。多数有害微量元素在飞灰中的富集浓度高于其它灰中,燃烧时温度的高低是影响微量的高低是影响微量元素迁移析出的重要因素,温度越高,有害微量元素析出率相对越大。     

GEOCHEMISTRY OF SEDIMENTS AND ENVIRONMENT IN XIHU LAKE OF GREAT WALL STATION OF CHINA, ANTARCTICA

The determined results in this paper, which were obtained by the multielement analysis of the 260 cm-deep core sediments under the water of Xihu Lake in the Great Wall Station area, are as follows: The Cenozoic volcanic rocks around Xihu Lake are the main source of sediments in the lake. The chemical differentiation in very fine particles is still detectable. From the variation of ratios of the Cs/Rb, Br/CI and La/Yb in the clay fraction with depth and from the variation or CaCO_3 contained in the sediments, cation replacing amount in the clay grains and the sediment grain sizes in time, it can be seen that since 3600 a. B. P., there has existed the climatic variation of warm-cold-warm, which embodies the advance and retreat history of the ice sheet in this area.     

PHOTOREVERSIBLE CHANGES IN pH OF PEA PHYTOCHROME SOLUTIONS

Abstract— Photoinduced pH changes in unbuffered solutions of undegraded pea phytochrome were studied at 10_oC by using a glass electrode. Red light irradiation caused alkalinization of the solutions in the pH range 5.2–xs7.5 and acidification in pH 7.5–8.9. The pH changes were fully reversed by a subsequent irradiation with far-red light. The red and far-red light effects were repeatedly reversible. The solution of tryptic peptide of phytochrome (mol. wt 60000) showed similar photoreversible pH changes.     

CHANGES IN THE RATES OF PHOTOCONVERSION OF PHYTOCHROME DURING ETIOLATION IN MUSTARD SEEDLINGS

Abstract— The relative phytochrome photoconversion rates in cotyledons and hypocotylar hook of etiolating mustard ( Sinapis alba L.) seedlings were measured between 16 and 96 h after sowing. It was found that at constant fluence rates photoconversion rate in red light increases in both organs with time whereas the photoconversion rate in far-red (756 nm) light decreases with time of development. Since the isosbestic point remains constant, it was concluded that the observed changes cannot be attributed to changes of extinction coefficients. It was not possible, however, to decide whether the observed changes are due to changes of light attenuation or quantum yields.