Optical waveguide behavior of Se-doped and undoped CdS one-dimensional nanostructures using near-field optical microscopy

The optical waveguide behaviors of CdS and CdS _x Se_1−x nanostructures are studied using near-field optical microscopy. Optical measurements demonstrate that light may be guided on sub-wavelength scales along CdS nanoribbons in straight or bent structures. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra from nanoribbon emission using scanning near-field optical microscopy are analyzed under different incident laser intensities. The PL spectra along Se-doped and undoped CdS nanoribbons at different propagation distances are investigated. Both the guided PL spectra of Se-doped and undoped CdS nanoribbons show red-shifts because of the band-edge absorption. Our results are useful for the development of new kinds of functional nano devices. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10574002, 90406007, and 50602015) and the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB936800)     

纳米集成光路中的光源、光波导和光增强

使用近场光学显微术(scanning near-field optical microscopy, SNOM)研究了ZnO亚微米线端面出射性质，不同空间形貌Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体荧光器件光波导特性，二维光子晶体、准晶光子晶体对LED的出射增强作用以及表面等离激元(surface plasmon polariton, SPP)与半导体纳米荧光器件的相互作用，对纳米集成光路中的光源、光波导、光增强三个重要问题做了实验和理论上的分析.研究发现半导体微纳米线端面出射光束的质量与样品的直径有密切关系.通过合理地设计其直径和     

纳米集成光路中的光源、光波导和光增强

使用近场光学显微术(scanning near-field optical microscopy, SNOM)研究了ZnO亚微米线端面出射性质,不同空间形貌Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体荧光器件光波导特性,二维光子晶体、准晶光子晶体对LED的出射增强作用以及表面等离激元(surface plasmon polariton, SPP)与半导体纳米荧光器件的相互作用,对纳米集成光路中的光源、光波导、光增强三个重要问题做了实验和理论上的分析.研究发现半导体微纳米线端面出射光束的质量与样品的直径有密切关系.通过合理地设计其直径和 关键词： 纳米集成光路 扫描近场光学显微术 光波导 光增强     

近场光学显微镜研究CdS0.65Se0.35纳米带空间分辨光致荧光谱

通过热蒸发方法成功制备出CdS_0.65Se_0.35纳米带，得到的纳米带表面光滑，宽度厚度均一，表现出很高的结晶质量.使用近场光学显微镜对纳米带室温下的带边荧光波导和光致荧光近场光谱进行研究.发现CdS_0.65Se_0.35纳米带呈现良好的光波导的特性；同时通过近场光学显微镜得到的空间分辨光谱，发现随着传播距离的增大，纳米带的光致荧光光谱有持续的红移现象.这种光谱红移现象是带间跃迁过程中带尾态的吸收效应引起的，并作了光谱带尾态吸收的理论模拟与实验结果进行比较.光波导传输过程中光谱的变化反映了信息在整个传导过程中的情况，体现了信息传递过程中的稳定性和有效性.三元合金材料CdS_0.65Se_0.35纳米带的波导和光谱性质研究，对于其他组分可调的三元合金纳米结构的制备和研究，及发展新型的纳米功能器件有重要意义.     

亚波长金属波导的光传播和干涉特性研究

利用时域有限差分方法研究了亚波长金属波导TE波的传播特性和基于异常透射现象的干涉特性.对各种参量对驻波特性的影响及两列波导间的耦合特性进行了分析.研究发现,TE波在波导中传播时存在截止宽度,如果波导宽度小于截止宽度,TE波在波导中不能传播;如果波导宽度大于截止宽度,TE波的传播距离将随波导宽度变大而突然增加.当波导宽度达到或大于半波长时,TE波可以在波导中正常传播.金属波导的截止宽度与金属的吸收系数成正比.此外,由于光在亚波长金属波导透射时的异常透射现象,在亚波长金属波导中产生了TE波的干涉现象,能形成驻波.     

基于亚毫米尺度金属包覆波导的脉冲展宽

利用自由空间耦合技术,用超短脉冲激发亚毫米尺度对称金属包覆波导中的超高阶导模,提出一种脉冲展宽的新方法。由于超高阶导模的强色散性质,经过短距离的传输,即可使脉冲宽度迅速展宽。理论分析表明,1 ps的光脉冲在光波导中传输毫米量级距离后,脉冲展宽因子可达到1000倍。     

金属包层对称平面单轴晶体波导的模式场(Ⅱ)

对于晶体光轴平行于波导界面的结构,讨论了光在金属包层对称平面单轴晶体波导(波导层是单轴晶体,两个波导界面均为金属)内的传输特性.解析地得到了这种结构下波导模式场的精确解.模式场的性质因单轴晶体的性质不同而异.对于正单轴晶体,波导的主模是横电波,任何频率的光波均可激励该模式;当频率满足一定条件时,波导内传输单模,否则,将激励起高阶模式.高阶模既非TE波,也非TM波,而是两者耦合而成的混合模.对于负单轴晶体,波导的主模是一种混合模,该模式同样可被任何频率的光波所激励;当频率满足一定条件时,波导内传输单模,否则 关键词： 平面金属波导 单轴晶体 模式场 混合模     

Modulation instability in lossy silicon optical waveguide

Taking into account the small linear loss of silicon-on-insulator(SOI) waveguide, conditions and gain spectra of modulation instability(MI) induced by combined effects of self-phase modulation and waveguide dispersions are investigated. The impacts of various parameters to gain spectra of MI are analyzed theoretically. Results show that strong MI takes place even in the existence of low light power. The MI peak gain is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude larger than that achieved in optical fibers with the same light power. The linear loss of waveguide impacts gain spectra of MI, even within ultra-short propagation distance. The peak gain, peak gain frequency and bandwidth of gain spectra decrease to 66.828%, 41.683% and 41.6879% of their maxima at propagation distance z = 5mm, respectively.     

聚合物电光调制器中M-Z波导TM模分析

M-Z光波导是聚合物电光调制器的重要结构单元。利用有效折射率法计算聚合物脊形波导的横向折射率分布，将三维光波场传播简化为二维传播。从导模满足的标量波动方程出发，结合透明边界条件，采用Crank-Nicholson差分格式，得出有限差分束传播法的基本计算格式。通过对M Z型波导结构中TM模的传播及损耗特性进行理论分析，系统地研究了脊宽、分支角等结构参数对损耗的影响。研究表明，有效折射率法与二维有限差分束传播法的结合可以较好地解决脊形M Z波导的设计问题。该方法具有精度高、计算量小及效率高等优点，为聚合物电光调制器的制备提供了理论依据。     

基于光谱解调的对称波导型表面等离子体共振传感研究

表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感系统有角度谱、光谱、强度、相位等解调方式,其中光谱型的(SPR)传感系统因可以使用光纤导光,将传感部分独立出来,可进行远距离传感和现场检测,并能有效缩小系统的体积。对称光波导型(SOW)SPR因金属膜层两边的折射率完全相同,表面等离子体波传播距离更长,穿透深度更深,比传统的SPR系统具有更高的灵敏度和分辨率。对对称波导型(SOW)SPR进行光谱解调研究,以MgF₂-Au-MgF₂结构的SOW-SPR为传感单元,同时以光纤输出的卤素灯为光源, 搭建了一套光谱解调的SOW-SPR检测系统,以不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液对系统折射率分辨率进行测量,得到2.8×10-7 RIU的分辨率。为SOW-SPR系统小型化、现场检测以及远距离探测提出一种可能实现的手段,具有很好的应用前景。     

Tunable emission and conductivity enhancement by tellurium doping in CdS nanowires for optoelectronic applications

Improvement of the optical and electrical characteristics is essential to get advanced performance from one dimensional (1D) material. Here, we report the first synthesis of a single crystalline Te-doped CdS nanowires (NWs) by a chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) method. Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed that Te concentration plays an important role in tuning emission color from orange to infrared (IR). Decrease in bandgap and PL intensity with increase in Te concentration was observed as compared to undoped CdS NWs. Red and IR emissions were found at 736.5 and 881 nm for doping concentration >6.06%. To our best knowledge, IR emission band has been observed for the first time in CdS NWs. Red-shift of LO phonon mode and its overtone in Raman spectra, and lifetime of red and IR emissions are longer than bandgap of host indicating the doping effect of CdS NWs. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) of the Te-doped CdS NWs further confirms the presence of Te in the CdS NWs. Output characteristics confirm enhanced output current I_ds with the increase in doping concentration. A possible growth mechanism was proposed. Doping technique offers to develop high-quality, a very stable, effective, and easily-applicable way to enhance the performance of one dimensional optoelectronic devices and solar cell applications.     

Annealing behaviour of structure and morphology and its effects on the optical gain of Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped Al2O3 planar waveguide amplifier

Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction analysis, we have studied the structural and morphological evolution of highly Er/Yb co-doped Al₂O₃ films in the temperature range from $600\,^{\circ}\mkern-1mu$C--900$\,^{\circ}\mkern-1mu$C. By comparison with TEM observation, the annealing behaviours of photoluminescence (PL) emission and optical loss were found to have relation to the structure and morphology. The increase of PL intensity and optical loss above 800$\,^{\circ}\mkern-1mu$C might result from the crystallization of amorphous Al₂O₃ films. Based on the study on the structure and morphology, a rate equation propagation model of a multilevel system was used to calculate the optical gains of Er-doped Al₂O₃ planar waveguide amplifiers involving the variation of PL efficiency and optical loss with annealing temperature. It was found that the amplifiers had an optimized optical gain at the temperature corresponding to the minimum of optical loss, rather than at the temperature corresponding to the maximum of PL efficiency, suggesting that the optical loss is a key factor for determining the optical gain of an Er-doped Al₂O₃ planar waveguide amplifier.     

Electroluminescence from hybrid organic–inorganic LEDs based on thermally evaporated CdS thin films

Hybrid organic–inorganic light emitting devices combine the color purity and durability of inorganic light emitting diodes (LEDs) with high efficiency, flexibility and low processing cost of organic LEDs (OLEDs). A significant challenge is to incorporate inorganic nanocrystals inside the OLED structure. In the present work, thin films of CdS were successfully incorporated inside standard OLED structure using vacuum thermal evaporation technique. For the characterization of these films, they were deposited on plain glass plates at room temperature and studied using structural (XRD and TEM), morphological (SEM and AFM) and optical (UV and PL) techniques. The films were found to be composed of nanocrystals of CdS in which the size of the crystals increased with the increase in film thickness. The hybrid organic–inorganic LEDs showed improved luminance and efficiency as compared to the organic LED without CdS layers.     

Influence of disorder and deformation on the optical properties of a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide

We investigate the effect of disorder and mechanical deformation on a two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide. The dispersion characteristics and transmittance of the waveguide are studied using the finite element method. Results show that the geometric change of the dielectric material perpendicular to the light propagation direction has a larger influence on the waveguide characteristics than that parallel to the light propagation direction. Mechanical deformation has an obvious influence on the performance of the waveguide. In particular, longitudinal deformed structure exhibits distinct optical characteristics from the ideal one. Studies on this work will provide useful guideline to the fabrication and practical applications based on photonic crystal waveguides.     

Influence of disorder and deformation on the optical properties of two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide

We investigate the effect of disorder and mechanical deformation on two- dimensional photonic crystal waveguide. The dispersion characteristics and transmittance of the waveguide are studied by using the finite element method. Results show that the geometric change of the dielectric material perpendicular to the light propagation direction has a larger influence on the waveguide characteristics than that parallel to the light propagation direction. Mechanical deformation has an obvious influence on the performance of the waveguide. In particular, longitudinal deformed structure exhibits distinct optical characteristics from the ideal one. Studies on this work will provide useful guideline to the fabrications and practical applications based on photonic crystal waveguides.     

水溶性CdTe/CdS纳米晶表面SiO2壳层的反相胶束法包覆

"提出了一种水相中制备CdTe/CdS核壳结构纳米粒子的方法.用Te粉作为碲源,用Na2S作为硫源,在50 ℃下制备了CdTe/CdS核壳结构纳米粒子. 用紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱分析了CdS壳层对CdTe核的影响. 随CdS壳层厚度的增加,紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱均发生了红移. CdS壳层厚度较薄时,CdTe/CdS纳米晶的荧光强度较CdTe纳米粒子有显著提高;而CdS壳层厚度较厚时,CdTe/CdS纳米晶的荧光强度会逐渐降低. 用反相胶束法在CdTe/CdS核壳结构纳米粒子的表面包被一层SiO2,     

左手介质椭圆光波导基模传播特性

在椭圆柱坐标系中,采用分离变量方法,得出了左手介质椭圆光波导本征方程的近似解,通过数值计算,分析了椭圆波导偏心率、左手介质的电容率、磁导率对椭圆光波导基模传播特性的影响,并将左介质光波导与右手介质光波导基模特性进行对比,得出左手介质光波导的基模特性与右手介质光波导基模特性差别不大的结论.     

有限宽平板波导中的克尔空间孤子及全光器件的设计

利用数值模拟的方法研究了倾斜入射的傍轴光束在有限宽非线性平板波导内的传输规律.研究发现,当不同波长相同束宽的光束各以临界功率倾斜入射波导时,如果倾斜角、入射点都一样,它们将沿大致相同的周期性的Z字形路径传输;如果光束功率进一步增大,相邻反射点之间的间距随传输距离有逐渐变大的趋势,Z字形路径不再有严格的周期性;当功率相当大时,光束将沿波导z方向传输,不再在波导的两个边界之间来回反射.利用倾斜入射光束在波导内的传输路径随功率而变的特点,设计了一个功率开关和一个光时分解复用器. 关键词： 空间光孤子 有限宽非线性平板波导 全光器件     

采用紫外光照法在磷酸盐玻璃中合成CdS/Ag复合微粒

掺杂有Ⅱ-Ⅵ族半导体纳米颗粒(如CdS)或者过渡金属(如Ag)的玻璃由于其较大的非线性光学效应而引起人们的极大兴趣,而同时掺杂有半导体/金属的复合微粒则可以进一步增强玻璃的三阶非线性效应,因此成为目前的研究热点。我们利用玻璃沉淀技术及随后的热处理和紫外光还原技术制备了含高浓度(1%)Ag微粒的玻璃,并采用X射线衍射分析了其物相,用高分辨扫描电镜分析了其形貌,以及测试了其吸收和发光性能。从CdS/Ag复合微粒的扫描照片可以发现晶粒均匀分布在玻璃中,尺寸约为1μm。X射线衍射发现经过热处理和紫外光照的样品衍射峰中含有CdS和Ag,而只进行热处理的样品则只含有CdS,未处理的样品则显非晶态。CdS/Ag复合微粒的吸收峰呈现典型的表面等离子共振峰(420nm)以及CdS的峰(600nm),只含有CdS微粒的样品的吸收峰则在480nm附近,未处理的样品在320nm附近有一个吸收峰,这可能是由于样品在快速冷却过程中的微小晶化造成的。只含有CdS微粒的样品有三个明显的发光峰,然而CdS/Ag复合微粒的发过峰则消失。我们提出了共振能量转移机制来解释该现象。讨论了紫外光照还原Ag微粒的机制。可以认为通过紫外光照,CdS表面的电子被激发出来还原Ag+,从而形成银颗粒,伴随着空穴则被表面缺陷所捕获。     

Light emitting CdS quantum dots in PMMA: Synthesis and optical studies

Freshly prepared CdS-quantum dots (QDs) in DMF (clear pale solution) when loaded in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) lead to excellent optical properties. The tuning of the absorption and emission wavelengths via experimentally control parameters is considered novel and significant. The absorption band for CdS was observed at about 370 nm in polymeric matrix. The blue, green and orange light emissions from such composite solution were tuned and stabilized by simply varying the concentration of CdS, cadmium and sulphur in the final product. Photoluminescence (PL) measurement with 2% CdS loading showed band-edge emissions from the composite with only about 20-25 nm Stokes shift in emission wavelength. Observation of such optical properties indicated that the composite has narrow particle size distribution and particle diameter may well be below 10 nm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the film with higher loading of CdS showed broad pattern for hexagonal CdS. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) of CdS/PMMA composite film revealed that it has better thermal stability than PMMA alone. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed agglomerated tiny dots in nano-meter regime.