Small-angle neutron scattering study of dynamically polarized polyethylenes

We carried out a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study of dynamically polarized polyethylene (PE) samples doped with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO). The transmission of the PE with almost fully polarized neutrons (98.5%) increased with increasing the proton polarization, P. The incoherent scattering cross section decreased with increasing P. The effect of P on the polarized neutrons’ transmission and the incoherent scattering cross section agreed well with the theory. The q-dependence of the coherent scattering, which reflects a two-phase structure of PE composed of crystalline and amorphous domains, was kept unchanged by the proton polarization, but the intensity increased by a factor of 3 and 6 for P=+23% and −23%, respectively. The results mean that the contrast between the two phases was successfully enhanced by a dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique. However, the enhancement is only 1/13–1/16 of the enhancement calculated by assuming a homogeneous polarization through the PE sample. The discrepancy suggests that P in amorphous domains (25%) should be higher than that in crystalline domains (22%) by 3%, which in turn may suggest the partial depolarization of proton spins on the way of the spin diffusion from amorphous domains, where TEMPO radicals localize, to crystalline domains.     

Polarized neutron scattering studies of the kagomé lattice antiferromagnet

We report polarized neutron scattering studies of spin-wave excitations and spin fluctuations in the lattice antiferromagnet KFe₃(OH)₆(SO₄)₂ (jarosite). Inelastic polarized neutron scattering measurements at 10 K on a single crystal sample reveal two spin gaps, associated with in-plane and out-of-plane excitations. The polarization analysis of quasi-elastic scattering at 67 K shows in-plane spin fluctuations with XY symmetry, consistent with the disappearance of the in-plane gap above the Néel temperature . Our results suggest that jarosite is a promising candidate for studying the 2D XY universality class in magnetic systems.     

Magnetic properties of SiO2-coated iron oxide nanoparticles studied by polarized small angle neutron scattering

The structural and magnetic properties of non-coated and SiO₂-coated iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (NPs) were investigated by a polarized small-angle neutron scattering (P-SANS) method. Measurement of the P-SANS allowed us to obtain nuclear and magnetic scattering cross sections of the NPs under applied magnetic field. The analysis of the scattering intensity provided the structural parameters and the spatial magnetization distribution of the non-coated and the SiO₂ coated core–shell NPs. The measured radius of both NPs and the shell thickness of the core–shell NPs were in consistent with those measured by the transmission electron microscopy. In comparison, the magnetic core radii of both NPs were 0.12–0.6 nm smaller than the nuclear radii, indicating the magnetization reduction in the surface region of core Fe₃O₄ in both NPs. However, the reduced magnetization region, which is the surface spin canting region, of the SiO₂-coated NPs was relatively narrower than that of the non-coated NPs. We suggest that the SiO₂ coating on the Fe₃O₄ NPs may stabilize the spin order of atoms and prohibit the oxidation or defect formation at the surface region of the Fe₃O₄ NPs, and enhance the corresponding magnetization of the Fe₃O₄ NPs by the reduction of the spin canting layer thickness.     

非弹性中子散射在稀土钙钛矿研究中的应用

中子散射技术在科学研究中应用的重要性、独特性源自于中子本身的一些基本物理特点：带自旋、不带电荷、与原子核直接发生强相互作用、恰当的质量使其色散关系与一般物质内部的原子振动和磁性振动的元激发相当,以及可用于无损探测的强穿透性等。这些特点决定了中子散射探测技术在科学研究中无可替代的重要地位。经过多年发展,中子散射技术已经成为研究凝聚态物理中材料晶体结构以及磁结构的主要手段。此外由于中子的能量与物质中的元激发,如声子,磁振子等能量相当,中子散射也是研究物质动力学性质不可替代的关键技术。对于磁性材料来说,非弹性中子散射不仅可以研究对称性破缺下磁有序相的自旋波激发,而且可以直接探测无对称性破缺情况下的自旋关联。这对于研究磁阻挫等量子磁体中新奇的量子化自旋激发尤其重要。文章将主要介绍两种常用的非弹性散射谱仪,并结合最近在稀土钙钛矿结构体系中的具体应用,尤其是低维稀土自旋链中的分数化自旋子的激发,重点介绍非弹性散射技术的特色。     

Analysis of inelastic neutron scattering results on model compounds of the nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides

The role that model compounds can play in understanding the vibrational eigenvectors of molecules is discussed. Assigning the spectra of model compounds is of particular importance and the individual-scaling approach, that has been used with isolated molecule ab-initio calculations, is outlined. Special emphasis is given to recent work on assigning the spectra of three 5–6 heterobicyclic systems; indole, benzimidazole and isatin.      

填充式方钴矿化合物CeOs4Sb12近藤相互作用的非弹性中子散射研究

CeOs₄Sb₁₂晶体中由于导电电子与Ce³⁺ 4f¹电子之间存在c-f杂化作用导致费米面附近存在能量间隙.这种c-f近藤相互作用和能量间隙是理解CeOs₄Sb₁₂物理性质，如近藤绝缘体行为、Ce³⁺磁矩在低温下猝灭以及重费米性等电、磁性质的关键.当用LAM-D中子谱仪对粉末CeOs₄Sb₁₂进行测量时，可以得到不同温度下CeOs₄Sb₁₂的非弹性中子散射谱.结果表明CeOs₄Sb₁₂中存在近藤相互作用，其作用强度为3.1 meV，证实了CeOs₄Sb₁₂为近藤绝缘体.中子测量得出CeOs₄Sb₁₂德拜温度为317 K. 关键词： 非弹性中子散射 填充式方钴矿 近藤绝缘体     

Small-angle polarized neutron scattering study of spherical Fe16N2 nano-particles for magnetic recording tape

We have performed small-angle polarized neutron scattering experiments of spherical Fe₁₆N₂ nano-particles, which are potential candidate materials for high density magnetic recording tape. The results were analyzed based on a core-shell model, and we evaluated the magnetic structure of the particles. The correlation between the magnetic structure and magnetic stability of the particles were discussed in terms of high density recordings.     

Measurement of momentum distribution of lightatoms and molecules in condensed matter systems using inelastic neutron scattering

Studies of single-particle momentum distributions in light atoms and molecules are reviewed with specific emphasis on experimental measurements using the deep inelastic neutron scattering technique at eV energies. The technique has undergone a remarkable development since the mid-1980s, when intense fluxes of epithermal neutrons were made available from pulsed neutron sources. These types of measurements provide a probe of the short-time dynamics of the recoiling atoms or molecules as well as information on the local structure of the materials. The paper introduces both the theoretical framework for the interpretation of deep inelastic neutron scattering experiments and thoroughly illustrates the physical principles underlying the impulse approximation from light atoms and molecules. The most relevant experimental studies performed on a variety of condensed matter systems in the last 20 years are reviewed. The experimental technique is critically presented in the context of a full list of published work. It is shown how, in some cases, these measurements can be used to extract directly the effective Born–Oppenheimer potential. A summary of the progress made to date in instrument development is also provided. Current data analysis and the interpretation of the results for a variety of physical systems is chosen to illustrate the scope and power of the method. The review ends with a brief consideration of likely developments in the foreseeable future. Particular discussion is given to the use of the VESUVIO spectrometer at ISIS.

Measurement of momentum distribution of lightatoms and molecules in condensed matter systems using inelastic neutron scattering

All authors

C. Andreani, D. Colognesi, J. Mayers, G. F. Reiter &; R. Senesi

https://doi.org/10.1080/00018730500403136

Published online:

19 February 2007

Table     

Inelastic neutron scattering and lattice dynamics studies in complex solids

At Trombay, lattice dynamics studies employing coherent inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments have been carried out at the two research reactors, CIRUS and Dhruva. While the early work at CIRUS involved many elemental solids and ionic molecular solids, recent experiments at Dhruva have focussed on certain superconductors (cuprates and intermetallics), geophysically important minerals (Al₂SiO₅, ZrSiO₄, MnCO₃) and layered halides (BaFCl, ZnCl₂). In most of the studies, theoretical modelling of lattice dynamics has played a significant role in the interpretation and analysis of the results from experiments. This talk summarises the developments and current activities in the field of inelastic neutron scattering and lattice dynamics at Trombay.     

黑索金的非弹性中子散射及第一性原理计算

黑索金(环三亚甲基三硝胺, RDX, C₃H₆O₆N₆)是一种非常重要的次级炸药, 因其高能量密度及对外界刺激的低感度而具有广泛的军事和工业应用. 为了能在生产、运输、存储以及使用中对其行为进行有效控制, 人们对它的化学性质、力学性质, 尤其是起爆进行了大量的研究. 炸药的起爆是一个非常复杂的过程, 其中最主要的问题之一就是能量是如何从连续介质尺度的刺激转移到原子尺度引起吸热分解的. 根据冲击波致爆的非平衡态Zel'dovich-von Neumann-Doering模型, 声子作为最初的热载体在整个过程中起着非常重要的作用. 实验上, 非弹性中子散射技术是研究晶体中原子和分子运动动力学的有力手段, 尤其是对于包含了大部分声子晶格模式的低频区域来说极具优势. 利用非弹性中子散射技术测得了RDX 在10–104 cm^-1 范围内的振动谱, 结合固态量子化学计算, 对所测的12个振动模式进行指认. 研究结果有助于人们对起爆详细机理的认识.     

Inelastic neutron scattering from and lattice dynamics of α-KNO3

Coherent inelastic neutron scattering techniques are employed to measure several branches of the phoon dispersion relation in KNO₃ in its orthorhombic (α-phase or phase II) form at room temperature. Group theoretical selection rules for external modes of the crystal have been used in the measurements along the three symmetry directions Σ(ξ00), Δ(0ξ0) and Λ(00ξ). Theoretical investigation of the lattice dynamics of the crystal is carried out on the basis of a rigid molecular-ion model using the external mode formalism. A two-body potential consisting of the Coulombic interaction and the Born-Mayer type short range interaction is assumed. The effective charges and radii of different atoms are determined by applying the stability criterion for the crystal. Dispersion curves are calculated, representation by representation, making use of group theoretical information. Comparison of theoretical results with experimental information on elastic constants, optical data and neutron results are made. Agreement between theoretical and the various experimental results may be considered very satisfactory.     

Review of recent results in deep inelastic scattering

This talk gives a summary of recent results in deep inelastic lepton hadron scattering. This includes structure functions from inclusive measurements as well as fragmentation in semi-inclusive processes, mainly with respect to data from colliders such as HERA at DESY, and their associated phenomenology.     

Raman spectra and simulation of cis‐ and trans‐cyclooctene for conformational analysis compared to inelastic neutron scattering

Simulated and measured Raman spectra are used to determine the molecular conformation of trans ‐cyclooctene. This is the first reported Raman spectrum of this highly strained species. A crown structure results in a computed Raman spectrum, which is in good agreement with the experiment; a chair structure does not. Comparison is made with the case of cis ‐cyclooctene. The computed structure and limitations of the method of conformational analysis are discussed. In particular, the relative merits of Raman spectroscopy in comparison with infrared and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) are evaluated using computed spectra for all three methods and comparison of the observed INS for cis ‐cyclooctene with that computed for two conformations. It is concluded that the combination of computed and observed Raman spectra provides a useful method for conformational analysis for cases of this type. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

National facility for neutron beam research

In this talk, the growth of neutron beam research (NBR) in India over the past five decades is traced beginning with research at Apsara. A range of problems in condensed matter physics could be studied at CIRUS, followed by sophisticated indegenous instrumentation and research at Dhruva. The talk ends with an overview of current scenario of NBR world-wide and future of Indian activities.     

Phonon density of states of tetracyanoethylene from coherent inelastic neutron scattering at Dhruva reactor

Inelastic neutron scattering experiments to determine phonon density of states of coherent scattering samples of polycrystalline complex solids are generally intensity-limited and therefore are feasible only at high flux facilities. Phonon density of states of the monoclinic phase of tetracyanoethylene at 300 K, obtained using the medium resolution triple axis spectrometer at the new Indian medium flux reactor Dhruva are reported here. The raw data is converted to the “neutron weighted” phonon density of states by applying suitable corrections. Comparison made with results from a theoretical calculation based on a semirigid molecule model of lattice dynamics is fair. Results from Dhruva are also consistent with that obtained (to be published) at the high flux pulsed neutron source (ISIS) of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in United Kingdom.     

Exchange fields in Gd–Fe intermetallics studied by inelastic neutron scattering

Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) was used to study the magnetic excitations in the compounds Gd_1−xY_xFe₂ and Gd_2−xY_xFe₁₄B. Three inelastic magnetic lines were observed in the INS spectra of these compounds, the two smaller lines appearing as shoulders to the main line. From the concentration-dependent shift of the dominant magnetic line we have obtained experimental information of the strength of the Gd–Gd interaction in these materials and showed that the Gd–Gd contribution to the total molecular field experienced by the Gd moments is roughly an order of magnitude smaller than the contribution of the Gd–Fe interaction. Our results are compared with several earlier published results, including results of electronic band structure calculations.     

Vibrational spectra of high- and low-density amorphous ice,ice Ic,and ice Ih by neutron scattering

Abstract

The vibrational spectra of high- and low-density amorphous ice made ice Ic and Ice Ih have been obtained at 15 K using inelastic incoherent neutron scattering     

第一讲中子散射与散裂中子源

中子散射是研究物质微观结构和动态的理想工具之一,广泛地应用于凝聚态物质研究和应用的众多学科领域.散裂中子源能是新一代的加速器基脉冲中子源,能为中子散射提供高通量的脉冲中子.文章简明地介绍了中子散射的特点和它作为物质结构和动态探针的优越性,以及散裂中子源的基本原理、发展状况和多学科的应用优势.我国计划建设的散裂中子源CSNS中,靶站将由多片钨靶、铍/铁反射体和铁/重混凝土生物屏蔽体组成.质子束功率100kW下,脉冲中子通量约为2.4×1016n/cm2/s.第一期将设计建造高通量粉末衍射仪、高分辨粉末衍射仪、小角散射仪、多功能反射仪和直接几何非弹性散射仪等五台典型的中子散射谱仪,以覆盖大部分的中子散射研究领域.     

库仑程函近似下非弹性散射振幅角分布的广义函数分析

在库仑程函近似框架下,引进实参量(时间扫描参数)积分,将能壳上跃迁矩阵元分为靶的结构因子和弹的扭曲因子,导出了非分波扭曲因子的主项表达式和结构因子的解析表达式,利用广义函数方法分析了电子与类氢离子的非弹性散射角分布.