烟酰型辅酶NAD(P)+和NAD(P)H再生的研究进展

大部分氧化还原酶的催化反应需要烟酰型辅酶NAD(P) 和NAD(P)H作为氧化剂或还原剂参与,由于氧化还原酶应用广泛而辅酶价格昂贵,使得辅酶再生逐渐成为研究热点.综述了近年来NAD(P) 和NAD(P)H酶法再生、电化学法及光化学法再生的研究进展,并介绍了各再生技术的应用和开发状况.     

Catalytic Biomimetic Asymmetric Reduction of Alkenes and Imines Enabled by Chiral and Regenerable NAD(P)H Models

The development of biomimetic chemistry based on the NAD(P)H with hydrogen gas as terminal reductant is a long‐standing challenge. Through rational design of the chiral and regenerable NAD(P)H analogues based on planar‐chiral ferrocene, a biomimetic asymmetric reduction has been realized using bench‐stable Lewis acids as transfer catalysts. A broad set of alkenes and imines could be reduced with up to 98 % yield and 98 % ee, likely enabled by enzyme‐like cooperative bifunctional activation. This reaction represents the first general biomimetic asymmetric reduction (BMAR) process enabled by chiral and regenerable NAD(P)H analogues. This concept demonstrates catalytic utility of a chiral coenzyme NAD(P)H in asymmetric catalysis.     

烟酰胺辅酶模型对N－芳基芴亚胺的酸催化还原反应的研究

报道了５种Ｎ－芳基芴亚胺在酸性条件下被烟酰胺辅酶模型（Ｈａｎｔｚｓｃｈ酯，ＢＮＡＨ）还原的反应。结果表明：亚胺的结构、酸的强度以及溶剂的不同均会影响亚胺的还原效率，本文结合反应的结构效应、溶剂效应和同位素效应，对其可能的酸催化氢负离子转移机理进行了讨论。     

细胞内NAD(P)H水平分析技术的研究进展

细胞内NAD(P)H水平直接控制着细胞的衰老、节律、癌变、死亡等重大生命过程,NAD(P)H水平的研究是生命过程中新的研究热点之一.本文介绍了NAD(P)H的结构、特性及检测方法,重点探讨了近年来国内外NAD(P)H水平的检测,并对其研究现状进行了综述.     

辅酶NAD(P)H模型分子的研究进展

辅酶NAD(P)H在生物体内起着重要的调节作用, 已引起了有机化学工作者极大的兴趣, 尤其是在还原反应的立体选择性上, 人们已经开展了大量的研究工作. 讨论了NAD(P)H模型分子进行立体专一性还原反应的影响因素, 并对NAD(P)H模型分子的研究工作做了总结.     

An Improved and Efficient Preparation of the Chiral NAD(P)H Model (SS)-1-Benzyl-3-(p-tolylsulfinyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine

An improved procedure for the preparation of chiral NAD(P)H model, (SS)-1-benzyl-3-(p-tolylsulfinyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine, with satisfactary chemical yield and excellent enantiopurity is reported.     

An Improved and Efficient Preparation of the Chiral NAD(P)H Model (S_s)-1-Benzy1-3-(p-tolylsulfinyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine

Chiral NAD(P)H models are important reduction reagents in asymmetric synthesis. (S,)l-Benzyl-3-(p-tolylsulfinyl)-1,4 1 is one of these models, which canreduce carbonyl and unsaturated compound under mild conditions with highenantioselectivity'. An impressive example is that methyl benzoylformate is reduced byl in the presence of Mg= or Zn' to methyl (R)-mandelate with up to 97% e.e. at roomtemperature'. Our investigation' has shown that the reduction of allylic bromide by Iwithout Mg:* o…     

NAD(P)H辅酶模型物结构与反应性关系的研究──3-位酰基的电子效应

合成了一系列3酰胺基氮取代的NAD(P)H模型物,测定了其与5硝基异喹啉正离子的二级反应速率常数,并与模型物的氧化还原电势进行了比较.实验结果表明,模型物3位酰基氧一方面可离域二氢吡啶环上N的电子;另一方面负电性的3位酰基氧在反应过渡态中又可引起分子内和分子间的两种静电作用;3位酰基的电子效应对模型物动力学反应性的影响是这两种效应综合作用的结果.     

Enzyme-Compatible Core-Shell Nanoreactor for in Situ H2-Driven NAD(P)H Regeneration

The regeneration of the reduced form cofactor NAD(P)H is essential for the extra-cellular application of bio-reduction, which necessitates not only the development of efficient artificial NAD(P)H regeneration catalytic system but also its well compatibility with the cascade enzymatic reduction system. In this work, we reported the preparation of a metal nanoparticle (NP) and metal complex integrated core-shell nanoreactor for H₂-driven NAD(P)H regeneration through the immobilization of a Rh complex on Ni/TiO₂ surface via a bipyridine contained 3D porous organic polymer (POP). In comparison with the corresponding single component metal NPs and the immobilized Rh complex, the integrated catalyst presented simultaneously enhanced activity and selectivity in NAD(P)H regeneration thanks to the rapid spillover of activated H species from metal NPs to Rh complex. In addition, the size-sieving effect of POP precluded the direct interaction of enzyme and Rh complex confined in the pores, enabling the success coupling of core-shell nanoreactor and aldehyde ketone reductase (AKR) for chemoenzymatic reduction of acetophenone to (R)-1-phenylethan-1-ol. This work provides a strategy for the rational manipulation of multicomponent cooperation catalysis.     

NAD(P)H模型引发的还原环化——2,2-双取代1,2-二氢茚的合成

辅酶NAD(P)H在生物氧化还原反应中起着重要作用[1].1-苄基-1,4-二氢尼古丁酰胺(BNAH)作为其模型物,被广泛用于物理有机和生物化学的研究之中[2].虽然绝大多数的研究都集中于还原反应机理方面[3,4],BNAH作为还原剂在有机合成中的应用也是值得注意的.我们曾用BNAH还原2-溴-1-苯亚乙基丙二腈及其类似物合成取代环丙烷[5～7],方法简便.五元环结构广泛存在于萜类和甾体等天然产物中.对于茚等苯并五元环结构的合成已有许多方法[8～11]. 其中,2,2-双取代1,2-二氢茚(1)(吸电子取代基)是用邻-二溴甲基苯与丙二腈等活泼亚甲基化合物在DMSO中,NaH存在下双分子缩合制备的[12].     

Analysis of NAD(P) and NAD(P)H cofactors by means of imprinted polymers associated with Au surfaces:: A surface plasmon resonance study

Crosslinked films consisting of the acrylamide-acrylamidophenylboronic acid copolymer that are imprinted with recognition sites for β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺), β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP⁺, and their reduced forms (NAD(P)H), are assembled on Au-coated glass supports. The binding of the oxidized cofactors NAD⁺ or NADP⁺ or the reduced cofactors NADH or NADPH to the respective imprinted sites results in the swelling of the polymer films through the uptake of water. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy is employed to follow the binding of the different cofactors to the respective imprinted sites. The imprinted recognition sites reveal selectivity towards the association of the imprinted cofactors. The method enables the analysis of the NAD(P)⁺ and NAD(P)H cofactors in the concentration range of 1×10⁻⁶ to 1×10⁻³ M. The cofactor-imprinted films associated with the Au-coated glass supports act as active interfaces for the characterization of biocatalyzed transformations that involve the cofactor-dependent enzymes. This is exemplified with the characterization of the biocatalyzed oxidation of lactate to pyruvate in the presence of NAD⁺ and lactate dehydrogenase using the NADH-imprinted polymer film.     

An Activatable NIR Fluorescent Probe for NAD(P)H and Its Application to the Real-Time Monitoring of p53 Abnormalities In Vivo

NAD(P)H is crucial for biosynthetic reactions and antioxidant functions. However, the current probes developed for detecting NAD(P)H in vivo require intratumoral injection, which limited their application for animal imaging. To address this issue, we have developed a liposoluble cationic probe, KC8 , which exhibits excellent tumor-targeting ability and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence after reaction with NAD(P)H. By using KC8 , it was demonstrated for the first time that the level of NAD(P)H in the mitochondria of living colorectal cancer (CRC) cells was highly related to the abnormality of the p53. Furthermore, KC8 was successfully used to differentiate not only between tumor and normal tissue but also between tumors with p53 abnormality and normal tumors when administered intravenously. Finally, we evaluated tumor heterogeneity through two fluorescent channels after treating a tumor with 5-Fu. This study provides a new tool for real-time monitoring of the p53 abnormality of CRC cells.     

Ubiquinone‐Rhodol (UQ‐Rh) for Fluorescence Imaging of NAD(P)H through Intracellular Activation

The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) derivatives NADH and NADPH are critical components of cellular energy metabolism and operate as electron carriers. A novel fluorescent ubiquinone‐rhodol derivative (UQ‐Rh) was developed as a probe for NAD(P)H. By using the artificial promoter [(η⁵‐C₅Me₅)Ir(phen)(H₂O)]²⁺, intracellular activation and imaging of NAD(P)H were successfully demonstrated. In contrast to bioorthogonal chemistry, this “bioparallel chemistry” approach involves interactions with native biological processes and could potentially be used to control or investigate cellular systems.     

Biomimetic Oxidation of Aldehyde with NAD+ Models: Glycolysis-Type Hydrogen Transfer in an NAD+/NADH Model System

Just like in biological systems , the GAPDH-catalyzed oxidation of aldehyde to carboxylate proceeds in conjunction with 1,4-selective reduction of NAD⁺ to NADH model compounds [Eq. (1)]. The combination of GAPDH- and LDH-type transfer reactions is also described here as a system mimic for the NAD⁺/NADH redox cycle in anaerobic glycolysis. GAPDH=D -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, LDH=L -lactate dehydrogenase.     

Studies on the stereospecificity of hydrogen transfer by NAD(P) analogues

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Studies on the stereospecificity of hydrogen transfer by NAD(P) analogues

     

Highly Sensitive Bioluminescent Assay of Dehydrogenases using Nad (P) H: Fmn Oxidoreductase and Luciferase from Photoeacterium Fischeri

Abstract

A highly sensitive bioluminescent assay of dehydrogenases was performed. NADH was produced by the catalytic action of alcohol and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases and subsequently measured with high sensitivity by a bioluminescent assay using NAD (P) H : FMN oxidoreductase and luciferase from Photobacterium fischeri. The minimal amount of dehydrogenases that could be measured was 0.0055 amol (5.5 × 10^?-²¹ mol).     

State(R)-state(TS)-state(P) theoretical study of H+H_2 system

The calculation of H + H2 system by symplectic quasiclassical trajectory (SQCT) shows that there are two types of collision trajectories A and B, i.e., type A trajectory passes the saddle point of transition state (TS), whereas type B trajectory does not pass the saddle point of transition state. Not all the reactants of type A trajectory are reactive, while not all of type B trajectory are nonreactive. The partition and reactivity of these two types of trajectories are affected by reactant state(R), furthermore, the types of trajectories affect the state and angle distributions of products. Not only the rudiment framework for theoretical study on state(R)-state(TS)-state(P) is established, but also the further understanding of transition state theory (TST) of Eyring is investigated in this paper.     

Asymmetric Reduction Using Lithium Aluminum Hydride Modified with Chiral Ligand Prepared from (1R)-(-)-Myrtenol

The reduction of prochiral ketones with a chiral reducing reagent, prepared from lithium aluminum hydride and (1R,2S,3S,5R)-(-)-10-methoxypinanediol (2), produced secondary chiral alcohols in good chemical yields (57–98%) and moderate enantiomeric excess (8–72%).