不同Ce/Mn摩尔比对CeO_2-MnO_x催化剂低温NH_3选择性催化还原NO的影响

以高锰酸钾和硝酸锰为锰源,采用改进的共沉淀法制备了不同Ce/Mn摩尔比的Ce O2-Mn Ox催化剂.以NH3为还原剂,考察了催化剂低温(小于150℃)NH3选择性催化还原NO的性能.并采用XRD,BET,H2-TPR,NH3-TPD和XPS等手段对催化剂的物理化学性质进行表征.结果表明,Ce O2-Mn Ox催化剂在50~150℃温度区间内表现出了良好的催化活性.引入适量的Ce可以有效地改变催化剂的晶粒大小,增强其氧化还原能力;而Mn的加入,促进了其低温SCR活性.当Ce/Mn摩尔比为1∶3时(C1M3),低温活性最佳,在82~150℃温度区间内NO去除率达到90%以上,这主要是由于C1M3催化剂有较高含量的表面吸附氧、大量的弱酸性位点、良好的氧化还原性能以及表面较高含量的Mn4+物种.     

Praseodymium Oxide Modified CeO2/Al2O3 Catalyst for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3

A series of CeO₂/Al₂O₃ catalysts was modified with praseodymium oxide using an extrusion method. The catalytic activities of the obtained catalysts were measured for the selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH₃ to screen suitable addition of praseodymium oxide. These samples were characterized by XRD, N₂‐BET, NH₃‐TPD, NO‐TPD, Py‐IR, H₂‐TPR, Raman spectra and XPS, respectively. Results showed the optimal catalyst with the Pr/Ce molar ratio of 0.10 exhibited more than 90% NO conversion in a wide temperature range of 290–425°C under GHSV of 5000 h^?1. The number of Lewis acid sites and the chemisorbed oxygen concentration of the catalysts would increase with the Pr incorporation, which was favorable for the excellent catalytic performance. In addition, the Pr incorporation inhibited growth of the Al₂O₃ crystal particles and led to the lattice expansion of CeO₂, which increased catalytic activity. The results implied that the higher chemisorbed oxygen concentrations and the more Lewis acid sites were conductive to obtain the excellent SCR activity.     

Mo掺杂Ce/石墨烯（GE）催化剂的制备及脱硝性能

采用浸渍法制备了不同负载量Mo掺杂Ce/GE催化剂,对其脱硝性能进行了测试,初步探明了Mo掺杂Ce/GE催化剂促进SCR活性增强的内在机制。结果表明,Mo的添加使nCe3+/(nCe3++nCe4+)比率增加、表面吸附氧(Oβ)含量增加及催化剂酸性位点增加,从而提高催化剂的脱硝活性。与5Ce/GE和5Mo/GE相比,5Ce-5Mo/GE催化剂脱硝性能更加优异。当Mo负载量为5%时,催化剂脱硝活性最好,在250℃时NOx转化率达到了99%。此外,5Ce-5Mo/GE催化剂具有较好的抗硫性能。     

Facile Synthesis and Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Properties of Porphyrin‐Functionalized Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Two multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐based nanohybrids, MWCNT–ZnTPP and MWCNT–TPP (TPP=5‐[4‐{2‐(4‐formylphenoxy)‐ ethyloxy}phenyl]‐10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin, ZnTPP=5‐[4‐{(4‐formylphenyl)ethynyl}phenyl]‐10,15,20‐triphenylporphinatozinc(II)), were prepared directly from pristine MWCNTs through 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Covalent attachment of the porphyrins to the surfaces of the MWCNTs was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet/visible absorption, fluorescence, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Attachment of the porphyrin moieties to the surface of the MWCNTs significantly improves the solubility and ease of processing of these MWCNT–porphyrin composite materials. Z‐scan studies reveal that these MWCNT–porphyrin nanohybrids exhibit enhanced nonlinear optical properties under both nanosecond and picosecond laser pulses at λ=532 nm in comparison with free MWCNTs and the free porphyrin chromophores, whereas superior optical limiting performance was displayed by MWCNT–porphyrin composite materials rather than MWCNTs/ZnTPP and MWCNTs/TPP blends, which is consistent with a remarkable accumulation effect as a result of the covalent linkage between the porphyrin and the MWCNTs.     

Facile Synthesis of Quasi‐One‐Dimensional Au/PtAu Heterojunction Nanotubes and Their Application as Catalysts in an Oxygen‐Reduction Reaction

An intermediate‐template‐directed method has been developed for the synthesis of quasi‐one‐dimensional Au/PtAu heterojunction nanotubes by the heterogeneous nucleation and growth of Au on Te/Pt core–shell nanostructures in aqueous solution. The synthesized porous Au/PtAu bimetallic nanotubes (PABNTs) consist of porous tubular framework and attached Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). The reaction intermediates played an important role in the preparation, which fabricated the framework and provided a localized reducing agent for the reduction of the Au and Pt precursors. The Pt₇Au PABNTs showed higher electrocatalytic activity and durability in the oxygen‐reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.1 M HClO₄ than porous Pt nanotubes (PtNTs) and commercially available Pt/C. The mass activity of PABNTs was 218 % that of commercial Pt/C after an accelerated durability test. This study demonstrates the potential of PABNTs as highly efficient electrocatalysts. In addition, this method provides a facile strategy for the synthesis of desirable hetero‐nanostructures with controlled size and shape by utilizing an intermediate template.     

Electrocatalytic Reduction of Oxygen at Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Cobalt Porphyrin Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

The multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) modified glassy carbon electrode exhibited electrocatalytic activity to the reduction of oxygen in 0.1 M HAc‐NaAc (pH 3.8) buffer solution. Further modification with cobalt porphyrin film on the MWNTs by adsorption, the resulted modified electrode showed more efficient catalytic activity to O₂ reduction. The reduction peak potential of O₂ is shifted much more positively to 0.12 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), and the peak current is increased greatly. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), were used to characterize the material and the modified film on electrode surface. Electrochemical experiments gave the total number of electron transfer for oxygen reduction as about 3, which indicated a co‐exist process of 2 electrons and 4 electrons for reduction of oxygen at this modified electrode. Meanwhile, the catalytic activities of the multilayer film (MWNTs/CoTMPyP)_n prepared by layer‐by‐layer method were investigated, and the results showed that the peak current of O₂ reduction increased and the peak potential shifted to a positive direction with the increase of layer numbers.     

Cu含量对Cu/Al-Ce-PILC上丙烯选择性催化还原NO反应的影响

 采用聚合羟基复合阳离子合成交联粘土Al-Ce-PILC,经SO2-4改性后,以浸渍法制备了用于C3H6选择性还原NO反应的铜基交联粘土催化剂Cu/Al-Ce-PILC. 用XRD,XPS和TPR等技术对催化剂进行了表征,并考察了Cu含量对催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明,Cu负载未改变Al-Ce-PILC的结构; w(Cu)=2%时,Cu物种以Cu+和Cu2+两种形式存在,催化剂具有最高的催化活性和较宽的操作温度范围,在反应气组成为0.22%NO-0.12%C3H6-2.0%O2-97.66%He,空速为 24000 h-1和温度为350 ℃的条件下,NO转化率可达56.4%,700 ℃下仍可达22.3%; w(Cu)=5%时,催化剂中有明显的CuO物相存在,该物相促进C3H6的深度氧化,从而降低了NO选择性还原反应的性能.     

Ce对Mn/TiO2/堇青石整体低温脱硝选择性催化还原催化剂的改性

通过溶胶-凝胶法将TiO₂溶胶负载在堇青石载体上, 再浸渍Mn和Ce活性组分, 得到整体式催化剂, 并用于NH₃选择性催化还原(SCR)NO_x. 结果表明, 添加Ce以后, 催化剂的低温脱硝活性得到明显提高, 在空速6000 h^-1时, 120 ℃下NO转化率由71.1%提高到97.8%, 并且在120~240 ℃范围内, NO的转化率均保持在95%以上. Ce改性后催化剂具有较大的比表面积和孔体积; 催化剂表面含有更高含量的Mn⁴⁺和较多的表面化学吸附氧, 增加了NH₃的吸附能力, 并进一步促进了NO氧化活性, 使SCR活性显著提高.     

改性ZrO2-MnO2基整体式催化剂上NH3选择性催化还原NO

采用共沉淀法制备了ZrO2-MnO2催化剂,考察了CeO2,MoO3和WO3的添加对ZrO2-MnO2整体式催化剂上NH3选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)NOx的影响,并利用低温N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、NH3和NO程序升温脱附等方法对催化剂进行了表征,结果表明催化剂物相为Mn0.2Zr0.8O1....     

反应条件对Cu/Al-Ce-PILC上丙烯选择性催化还原NO反应的影响

 采用聚合羟基复合阳离子合成交联黏土Al-Ce-PILC, 经SO2-4改性后,以浸渍法制备了铜基交联黏土催化剂Cu/Al-Ce-PILC, 并将其应用于C3H6选择性还原NO的反应,考察了预处理气氛、 O2和C3H6浓度、空速、水蒸气和SO2等反应条件对催化剂性能的影响. 结果表明, He预处理后催化剂表面的Cu物种以Cu+和Cu2+两种形式存在,而H2预处理后仅以Cu+存在, NO转化率最大值由23%升至56%. 反应体系中适当的O2和C3H6浓度可促进NO还原为N2, 但过高的浓度反而可降低NO的还原活性, O2同时可起到抑制积炭、清洁催化剂表面的作用. NO转化率随着空速的增大而降低. 10%水蒸气的存在可抑制NO的还原和C3H6的氧化,其转化率曲线向高温方向位移. 但是,由于金属氧化物交联柱表面的疏水特性, Cu/Al-Ce-PILC较Cu/ZSM-5具有较强的耐湿热稳定性, NO和C3H6最大转化率仅分别下降13%和5%. SO2的存在明显抑制了催化剂的低温活性,但对高温活性有一定促进作用.     

Advanced Catalytic Performance of Au–Pt Double‐Walled Nanotubes and Their Fabrication through Galvanic Replacement Reaction

Bimetallic tubular nanostructures have been the focus of intensive research as they have very interesting potential applications in various fields including catalysis and electronics. In this paper, we demonstrate a facile method for the fabrication of Au–Pt double‐walled nanotubes (Au–Pt DWNTs). The DWNTs are fabricated through the galvanic displacement reaction between Ag nanowires and various metal ions, and the Au–Pt DWNT catalysts exhibit high active catalytic performances toward both methanol electro‐oxidation and 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) reduction. First, they have a high electrochemically active surface area of 61.66 m² g^?1, which is close to the value of commercial Pt/C catalysts (64.76 m² g^?1), and the peak current density of Au–Pt DWNTs in methanol oxidation is recorded as 138.25 mA mg^?1, whereas those of Pt nanotubes, Au/Pt nanotubes (simple mixture), and commercial Pt/C are 24.12, 40.95, and120.65 mA mg^?1, respectively. The Au–Pt DWNTs show a markedly enhanced electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation compared with the other three catalysts. They also show an excellent catalytic performance in comparison with common Au nanotubes for 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) reduction. The attractive performance exhibited by these prepared Au–Pt DWNTs can be attributed to their unique structures, which make them promising candidates as high‐performance catalysts.     

Au／Fe2O3／Al2O3催化剂上丙烯选择催化还原NO

以浸渍法制备的Fe2O3/γ-Al2O3为载体,采用均相沉积沉淀方法制备了Au/Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂.该催化剂在丙烯选择催化还原NO反应中显示出很好的低温催化活性,300℃时NO被选择还原为N2的转化率可达43%,而在Au/Al2O3催化剂上,NO的转化率仅为21%.水蒸气的加入对催化剂活性的影响较小.X射线衍射结果表明,Au和Fe2O3高度分散在Al2O3载体上.吸附氢气的程序升温还原结果表明,Au与Fe2O3之间存在着强相互作用,Au的存在促进了Fe2O3的还原,Au和Fe2O3之间的协同作用可能是Au/Fe2O3/Al2O3催化剂在丙烯选择还原NO反应中具有较高低温催化活性的原因之一.     

Performance and Kinetics Studies on Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3 over MnOx-WO3/TiO2 Catalyst

The catalytic activities of MnOx-WO3/TiO2 for selective catalytic reduction(SCR) of NO with NH3 were investigated in a wide range of temperature and reaction condition.It yielded a NOx conversion of 80.3%-99.6% and a N2 product selectivity of 100%-98.7% during 100 °C to 350 °C at gas hourly space velocity(GHSV)=18900 h-1.In the presence of 0.01% SO2 and 6% H2O at 120 °C,the NOx conversion can maintain 98.5%.At 300 °C and with 0.07% SO2 in reactant stream,the NOx conversion stabilized at 99% as high as the commercial V-W/TiO2 catalyst's level.The steady-state kinetics study shows that O2 played a promoting role.In the presence of less than 1.5% O2,NOx conversion can increase sharply with the increase of O2 concentration.The reaction order was zero with respect to NH3 and first with respect to NO with excess O2 and H2O.The kinetics active energy(Ea) of Mn-W/TiO2 was calculated to be 6.24 kJ/mol according to the kinetic experiment at various temperatures,much lower than those of other catalysts reported in the literature.Mn-W/TiO2 is an excellent catalyst for SCR of NO with NH3 by now.     

Mechanism of the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx with NH3 over W-Doped Fe/TiO2 Catalyst

The W-doped Fe/TiO2 catalyst prepared by an impregnation method exhibited a good NH3-selective cata- lytic reduction（SCR） activity and N2 selectivity with broad operation temperature window. The interaction between Fe and W could increase the amount of surface chemisorbed oxygen, and thus enhances the low temperature SCR activity by facilitating the fast SCR of 2NH3＋NO＋NO2 →2N2＋3H2O. The NH3-SCR reaction mechanism over the W-Fe/TiO2 was fully investigated via in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy（in situ DRIFTS）. In the low temperature range（〈250 ℃）, the reactive surface species were mainly coordinated NH3, ionic NH~ and adsorbed NO2 species, and the SCR mainly followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, during which the adsorbed NO2 species became the important active sites. In the high temperature range（〉250 ℃）, the reactive surface species were mainly NH2, and the SCR mainly followed the Eley-Rideal mechanism, during which the for- mation of NH2NO intermediate species after H-abstraction of NH3 was the rate-determining step.     

新型贵金属修饰的Ag/Al2O3催化剂选择性催化还原NOx的催化性能及反应机理

 在富氧条件下研究了几种贵金属修饰的Ag/Al2O3催化剂选择性催化还原(SCR)NOx的活性和反应机理. 催化活性实验结果表明,在模拟柴油机尾气的实验条件下,5%Ag-0.01%Pd/Al2O3在300~500 ℃范围内显示出很高的NOx转化率,而Pt和Au的添加均使Ag/Al2O3的NOx转化率明显降低. 原位漫反射傅里叶变换红外光谱结果显示,添加少量的Pd在反应过程中有利于丙烯部分氧化形成烯醇式(C=CH-O-)活性中间物种,该物种对NO2和NO-3的反应活性很高,能够生成关键中间体异氰酸酯(-NCO),从而加速NOx催化还原反应.     

菱沸石在柴油车尾气NOx催化净化中的应用

柴油车尾气NO_x控制是目前大气污染控制领域的重要研究内容,对改善城市大气污染现状有着极其重要的作用。NH₃选择性催化还原NO_x（NH₃-SCR）是应用于该领域的主流技术之一。近年来,以具有菱沸石（chabazite,CHA）结构的分子筛为载体负载Cu制备的Cu-CHA（Cu-SSZ-13和Cu-SAPO-34）系列催化剂,因其优秀的NH₃-SCR活性和良好的水热稳定性,成为学者们关注的热点。本文首先从制备方法及反应条件对Cu-CHA催化性能的影响和NH₃-SCR反应机理这几个方面系统阐述Cu基菱沸石在柴油车尾气NO_x催化净化领域的研究进展;然后总结了负载其他过渡金属和稀土金属制备的M-CHA分子筛催化剂在NH₃-SCR反应中的应用,指出双活性中心菱沸石催化剂在NH₃-SCR领域表现出的优势;在此基础上对菱沸石NH₃-SCR催化剂的进一步改良做出展望。     

Mo/ZSM-5催化剂体系上NO的选择性催化还原研究

 首先用浸渍法在HZSM－5上负载了不同的金属元素（Mo，Sn和Ni），并比较了它们在含氧条件下对NO分解反应的影响．结果表明，Mo／ZSM－5的催化活性最高．进一步用离子扩散法、浸渍法、物理混合法及合成法制备了四种Mo／ZSM－5样品，并以NH3为还原剂，考察了它们的NO的选择性催化还原反应性能．结果表明，用离子扩散法制得的样品对NO还原反应的催化活性最高，在360℃下，NO转化率可达98％．同时，用XRD，SEM，ICP和EDS等技术对4种样品的体相和表面结构进行了测试．结果表明，用离子扩散法制得的样品，Mo元素在分子筛催化剂的内表面有很好的分散性，导致Mo／ZSM－5具有高的催化活性．这可能是由于Mo元素迁移到分子筛的孔道内，在催化剂表面形成了有利于NO选择性催化还原反应的某种特殊活性结构．     

MnOx/MWCNTs低温氨选择性催化还原NOx硫中毒机理

以经过浓硝酸和等离子体放电预处理后的多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为载体, 锰氧化物(MnO_x)为活性组分, 采用等体积浸渍法制备MnO_x/MWCNTs 催化剂. 利用热重分析(TGA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、程序升温还原/脱附(TPR/TPD)以及傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱对催化剂进行表征, 探讨SO₂对催化剂低温氨选择性催化还原(SCR)NO_x活性的影响及SO₂中毒机理. 结果表明, 低温下SO₂对MnO_x/MWCNTs 催化剂活性有明显毒化作用. 反应温度越高, SO₂浓度越大, 催化剂SCR活性下降越快. 活性中心Mn原子硫酸化是催化剂失活的主要原因. 另外, 催化剂表面生成硫酸铵盐以及SO₂对NO吸附的抑制作用也一定程度上造成了催化剂的失活.     

Ag/Al2O3 催化剂催化含氧烃类选择性还原氮氧化物的基础与应用研究进展

 Ag/Al2O3 催化含氧烃类选择性还原 (SCR) 氮氧化物 (NOx) 是有望实际应用于柴油机尾气治理的技术之一. 从 Ag/Al2O3 的基本属性、还原剂的筛选与匹配、NOx 还原低温活性改进、催化体系耐硫性的调变和 Ag/Al2O3-乙醇体系的实用化开拓等方面, 对我们近年来的工作进行了综述, 阐明了该组合体系高效 SCR 特性的微观机制. 发动机台架实验表明, 结合柴油机机内调整, 应用 Ag/Al2O3-乙醇的 SCR 体系能够满足我国重型柴油车国 Ⅳ 排放标准.     

基于NH_3-SCR的CeO_2-TiO_2复合氧化物催化剂:结构与脱硝性能

以TiOSO_4·2H_2O和Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O为前驱体,采用共沉淀法制备了不同CeO_2含量的CeO_2-TiO_2复合氧化物催化剂.对样品结构进行了表征,考察了催化剂的NH_3-SCR(NH_3选择性催化还原)反应活性、N_2选择性和抗水抗硫性能.结果表明,随着催化剂中CeO_2含量的增加,催化剂的物相结构、晶粒尺寸及脱硝性能均出现规律性变化,这种改变与样品的酸碱性和氧化还原性能的变化有关.当样品中CeO_2的质量分数约为50%时,催化剂的结构呈无定形态,具有较大的比表面积和较多的氧空位,有利于反应物分子在催化剂表面的吸附和活化,拓宽了催化剂的低温活性窗口并提高了NO的转化率.