URA编码孔径的层析成像

URA编码孔径成像是X射线成像的一项新技术.它不但提高了信噪比,而且具有层析分辨能力.本文详细论述了URA编码孔径的层析成像原理,并提供了一种改善层析成像质量的叠代方法.并应用迭代方法成功地进行了计算机模拟实验.     

压缩感知光谱成像技术的编码孔径与探测器匹配优化

编码孔径光谱成像仪在实际应用中存在着编码模板与探测器分辨率不匹配从而降低系统分辨率的问题。针对该问题进行了两种情况分析,并通过数学理论建模给出了相应的解决方案。对于编码模板分辨率高于探测器分辨率这一情况,提出引入邻域嵌入超分辨技术的方法,实现了基于压缩感知的超分辨光谱成像。对于编码模板分辨率低于探测器分辨率这一情况,提出区块阈值划分的编码孔径,将编码微元按照区块阈值重新划分并进行灰度分级,从而实现低分辨率编码模板的高分辨率编码孔径。利用梯度投影稀疏重构(GPSR)算法进行数据立方体重建,实验结果表明:运用基于超分辨理论的编码孔径快照光谱成像系统所测得的光谱图像更精准,内容更丰富;采用基于区块阈值划分的编码孔径的编码孔径快照光谱成像系统具有更高的空间分辨率和光谱分辨率。结果证实优化后的编码孔径快照光谱成像系统,其分辨率和成像质量大幅度提升,并实现了高分辨率元件的100%利用。     

SNR of the coded aperture imaging system

Optical Review - In this paper, the expression for the SNR has been developed through the imaging model. It is concluded that the image SNR decreases with the increase of the number of...     

Tomogram reconstruction using advanced coded aperture imaging

Some possibilities are discussed of an advanced coded imaging method to get tomograms of doped γ-ray sources in the body. This method uses a pair of coherent codes and has many advantages compared with any conventional one. The abilities are clearly shown by theoretical analysis and computer simulation.     

Micro coded aperture imaging applied to laser plasma diagnosis

We present a coded aperture imaging method which could be applied to the study of microplasmas obtained by laser. Based on the use of an annular aperture associated with a deconvolution processing, this method gives sections of the X-ray and emitted particle tridimensional distribution. The first experimental result shows the range of possibilities offered by this technique.     

Optimization of sparse synthetic transmit aperture imaging with coded excitation and frequency division

An effective aperture approach is used for optimization of a sparse synthetic transmit aperture (STA) imaging system with coded excitation and frequency division. A new two-stage algorithm is proposed for optimization of both the positions of the transmit elements and the weights of the receive elements. In order to increase the signal-to-noise ratio in a synthetic aperture system, temporal encoding of the excitation signals is employed. When comparing the excitation by linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals and phase shift key modulation (PSKM) signals, the analysis shows that chirps are better for excitation, since at the output of a compression filter the sidelobes generated are much smaller than those produced by the binary PSKM signals. Here, an implementation of a fast STA imaging is studied by spatial encoding with frequency division of the LFM signals. The proposed system employs a 64-element array with only four active elements used during transmit. The two-dimensional point spread function (PSF) produced by such a sparse STA system is compared to the PSF produced by an equivalent phased array system, using the Field II simulation program. The analysis demonstrates the superiority of the new sparse STA imaging system while using coded excitation and frequency division. Compared to a conventional phased array imaging system, this system acquires images of equivalent quality 60 times faster, when the transmit elements are fired in pairs consecutively and the power level used during transmit is very low. The fastest acquisition time is achieved when all transmit elements are fired simultaneously, which improves detectability, but at the cost of a slight degradation of the axial resolution. In real-time implementation, however, it must be borne in mind that the frame rate of a STA imaging system depends not only on the acquisition time of the data but also on the processing time needed for image reconstruction. Comparing to phased array imaging, a significant increase in the frame rate of a STA imaging system is possible if and only if an equivalent time efficient algorithm is used for image reconstruction.     

Three-dimensional spectrally encoded imaging

A method for three-dimensional surface measurements with phase-sensitive spectrally encoded imaging is demonstrated. Both transverse and depth information is transmitted through a single-mode optical fiber, allowing this scheme to be incorporated into a miniature probe. This approach is demonstrated by measurement of the profile of a lens surface and by three-dimensional imaging of the face of a small doll.     

Scanning optical reconstruction of coded aperture images

A scanning optical technique is described and used to reconstruct coded aperture images obtained with four different kinds of arrays. The feasibility and advantages of the technique are demonstrated experimentally. The results are used to compare the imaging properties of these arrays, i.e.: lateral resolution, background noise and axial (tomographic) resolution.     

Scanning heterodyne reconstruction of coded aperture images

The reconstruction of coded aperture images using an optical scanning heterodyne processor is described for a class of apertures which can be synthesized by two beam interference. The analysis of Fresnel zone apertures indicates that a lateral and longitudinal (tomographic) resolution close to the theoretical limit is achievable. Experimental results of optical simulations confirm this assertion. Advantages of such technique include real-time operation and large multiplexing capability.     

Deconvolution systems for coded aperture images of three-dimensional x-ray objects

A non-redundant distribution of ten point sources is used for coded aperture imaging. The coded image of a simple three-dimensional x-ray object is deconvoluted by means of three different decoding systems: by an optical projection system using spatially incoherent light, by an on-line optical set-up with information input using an electro-optic relay tube, and by a quasi-on-line electronic system using an electronic storage-tube. The three methods are compared with respect to signal-to-noise ratio, resolution, and convenience of handling.     

Phase-coded aperture for optical imaging

For the optical spectrum region, we describe a novel phase-coded aperture imaging system that can be used in a computational imaging camera. The optical design includes a phase-only screen followed by a detector array. A specific diffraction pattern forms at the detector array when the wavefront from a point source object passes through the phase screen. Since diffraction effects cannot be ignored in the optical regime, an iterative phase retrieval method is used to calculate the phase coded screen. Correlation type processing can be applied for the image recovery. Computer simulation results are presented to illustrate the excellent imaging performance of this camera.     

X光编码孔径成像和处理技术

本文论述了编码孔径成像的基本原理.讨论了孔径编码的方法和相机的制作,侧重于均匀冗余阵列(URA)的编码技术.介绍了编码孔径图像的光学处理和数字处理的研究成果.给出了实验和实际应用的结果.     

Spinning disk for compressive imaging

We report the first, to the best of our knowledge, experimental implementation of a spinning-disk configuration for high-speed compressive image acquisition. A single rotating mask (i.e., the spinning disk) with random binary patterns was utilized to spatially modulate a collimated terahertz (THz) or IR beam. After propagating through the sample, the THz or IR beam was measured using a single detector, and THz and IR images were subsequently reconstructed using compressive sensing. We demonstrate that a 32-by-32 pixel image could be obtained from 160 to 240 measurements in both the IR and THz ranges. This spinning-disk configuration allows the use of an electric motor to rotate the spinning disk, thus enabling the experiment to be performed automatically and continuously. This, together with its compact design and computational efficiency, makes it promising for real-time imaging applications.     

Detection of explosives by Terahertz synthetic aperture imaging—focusing and spectral classification

In the adaptation of Terahertz (THz) synthetic aperture imaging to stand-off screening of concealed weapons and explosives, the incoming THz wavefronts exhibit significant curvature that must be considered in the image reconstruction. Consequently, the imaging array must be focused at a specific distance to correct for the wavefront curvature. In addition to the focusing correction, detection of explosives requires spectral analysis of the reconstructed THz image. Kohonen self-organizing maps are shown to be promising tools for differentiating the spectral signature of C4 explosive from the reflection spectra of metal and semi-transparent barrier materials. To cite this article: A. Sinyukov et al., C. R. Physique 9 (2008).     

Mathematical morphology by a defocused convolver with coded aperture

An optoelectronic system is constructed to implement mathematical morphological operations, which is based on optical neighborhood connection by a defocused convolver of coded aperture and electronic thresholding by a PC computer. Theoretical considera tions are given, the operations such as erosion, dilation, opening, closing and edge detection are displayed experimentally.     

大孔径静态干涉成像光谱仪径向畸变导致的谱线偏移误差的校正

为提高大孔径静态干涉成像光谱仪在视场增大时的光谱定标精度,减小径向畸变对光谱精度的影响,本文提出一种基于光谱——畸变关联模型的光谱定标系数修正方法,给出了波数和波长修正公式.采用594.1?nm和632.8?nm气体激光器对成像光谱仪进行了光谱成像实验,并对数据进行了处理和分析.结果表明,当存在0.3％的桶形畸变时,边...     

A new method for deconvoluting coded aperture images of three dimensional X-ray objects

Three-dimensional objects are coded using a non-redundant distribution of X-ray sources. The deconvolution of the image is performed by means of an incoherent optical processing system using a zoom-lens and a point-hologram. The method is capable of decoding the layers of the original object starting with a self-luminous image generated for example by an X-ray image intensifier tube.     

Synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging

The paper describes the use of synthetic aperture (SA) imaging in medical ultrasound. SA imaging is a radical break with today's commercial systems, where the image is acquired sequentially one image line at a time. This puts a strict limit on the frame rate and the possibility of acquiring a sufficient amount of data for high precision flow estimation. These constrictions can be lifted by employing SA imaging. Here data is acquired simultaneously from all directions over a number of emissions, and the full image can be reconstructed from this data. The paper demonstrates the many benefits of SA imaging. Due to the complete data set, it is possible to have both dynamic transmit and receive focusing to improve contrast and resolution. It is also possible to improve penetration depth by employing codes during ultrasound transmission. Data sets for vector flow imaging can be acquired using short imaging sequences, whereby both the correct velocity magnitude and angle can be estimated. A number of examples of both phantom and in vivo SA images will be presented measured by the experimental ultrasound scanner RASMUS to demonstrate the many benefits of SA imaging.     

Quantitative spectrally resolved imaging through a spectrograph

A grating spectrograph can be used for spectrally selective two-dimensional imaging if it is operated with a broad entrance slit. The resulting intensity distribution in its exit plane is a one-dimensional convolution of the spatial and spectral distributions of incident light. We present a dedicated deconvolution filter to reconstruct the spatial image from the spectrograph output. The algorithm is illustrated on Raman imaging of an underexpanded dry air jet. Recorded Raman images correspond to density maps convolved with the Raman spectrum of air; the latter essentially acts as a blurring function for the density map. The deconvolution filter combines the individual images recorded in the O2 and N2 Raman bands into a single image of relative air density.     

Exploiting the speckle noise for compressive imaging

An optical setup is proposed for the implementation of compressive sensing with coherent images. This setup specifically exploits the natural multiplicative action of speckle noise occurring with coherent light, in order to optically realize the essential step in compressive sensing which is the multiplication with known random patterns of the image to be acquired. In the test of the implementation, we specifically examine the impact of several departures, that exist in practice, from the ideal conditions of a pure multiplicative action of the speckle. In such practical realistic conditions, we assess the feasibility, performance and robustness of the optical scheme of compressive sensing.