Reflection-type electromagnetically induced transparency analogue in terahertz metamaterials

A reflection-type electromagnetically induced transparency（EIT） metamaterial is proposed, which is composed of a dielectric spacer sandwiched with metallic patterns and metallic plane. Experimental results of THz time domain spectrum（THz-TDS） exhibit a typical reflection of EIT at 0.865 THz, which are in excellent agreement with the full-wave simulations. A multi-reflection theory is adopted to analyze the physical mechanism of the reflection-type EIT, showing that the reflection-type EIT is a superposition of multiple reflection of the transmission EIT. Such a reflection-type EIT provides many applications based on the EIT effect, such as slow light devices and nonlinear elements.     

Tunable multi-band terahertz absorber based on graphene nano-ribbon metamaterial

The tunable multi-band selective absorption effect with graphene nano-ribbon metamaterial is investigated. It is achieved by depositing a set of graphene nano-ribbons on a dielectric spacer backed with a metallic mirror. A dual-band and tri-band absorbers are designed to illustrate such multi-band selective absorption behavior. The designed graphene absorbers exhibit near-unity absorption at multiple resonance frequencies, which is attributed to the plasmonic resonance of graphene nano-ribbons with different widths. Moreover, the multiple resonance wavelengths can be tuned in a wide frequency range by changing the Fermi energy and the absorbers possess large angle insensitivity. Last, a Fabry-Perot model is employed to give a physical understanding of such multi-band selective absorption effect. It is believed that the conclusions may be useful for designing of next-generation graphene-based optoelectronic devices.     

Compact multiband left-handed metamaterial at terahertz frequencies

We design and analyze a novel multiband left-handed metamaterial based on a fishnet-like structure at terahertz (THz) frequencies.The metamaterial exhibits simultaneous negative refractions around the frequencies of 0.48,1.05,and 1.19 THz for the electromagnetic (EM) wave normal incidence,and around the frequencies of 0.20,0.79,and 1.13 THz for parallel incidence.The simulated results verify the left-handed properties.A particularly important observation is the capability of the proposed metamaterial with a single geometrical structure to display multifrequency operations in a unit cell.The compact metamaterial is a major step toward the miniaturization of THz materials and devices suitable for multifrequencies.     

Classical analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency with a metal-superconductor hybrid metamaterial

Metamaterials are engineered materials composed of small electrical circuits producing novel interactions with electromagnetic waves. Recently, a new class of metamaterials has been created to mimic the behavior of media displaying electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Here we introduce a planar EIT metamaterial that creates a very large loss contrast between the dark and radiative resonators by employing a superconducting Nb film in the dark element and a normal-metal Au film in the radiative element. Below the critical temperature of Nb, the resistance contrast opens up a transparency window along with a large enhancement in group delay, enabling a significant slowdown of waves. We further demonstrate precise control of the EIT response through changes in the superfluid density. Such tunable metamaterials may be useful for telecommunication because of their large delay-bandwidth products.     

基于石墨烯超表面的宽带电磁诱导透明研究

提出了一种新的基于石墨烯超表面的复合结构,该结构由带有空气槽的石墨烯条、氮化镓、二氧化硅和二氧化钛组成.通过时域有限差分法研究了该结构的电磁特性,研究结果表明,该结构具有更宽频带的电磁诱导透明特性.从结构参数、电磁场分布等方面研究了电磁诱导透明的物理机理.在该结构中,石墨烯条作为明模存在,耦合作为暗模的空气槽和氮化镓侧板,即存在两种明暗模耦合的现象,因此产生宽带的电磁诱导透明现象.从研究结果发现该结构可以产生多个频点的慢光效应和传感效应,因此在光存储、红外波段的传感器设计中具有一定的指导意义和潜在的应用.     

Dynamical electric and magnetic metamaterial response at terahertz frequencies

Utilizing terahertz time domain spectroscopy, we have characterized the electromagnetic response of a planar array of split ring resonators (SRRs) fabricated upon a high resistivity GaAs substrate. The measured frequency dependent magnetic and electric resonances are in excellent agreement with theory and simulation. For two polarizations, the SRRs yield a negative electric response (epsilon < 0). We demonstrate, for the first time, dynamical control of the electrical response of the SRRs through photoexcitation of free carriers in the substrate. An excited carrier density of approximately 4 x 10(16) cm(-3) is sufficient to short the gap of the SRRs, thereby turning off the electric resonance, demonstrating the potential of such structures as terahertz switches. Because of the universality of metamaterial response over many decades of frequency, these results have implications for other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.     

Intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency

The effect of intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) on the properties of optical resonators and active laser devices is discussed theoretically. Pronounced frequency pulling and cavity-linewidth narrowing are predicted. The EIT effect can be used to reduce classical and quantum-phase noise of the beat note of an optical oscillator substantially. Fundamental limits of this stabilization mechanism as well as its potential application to high-resolution spectroscopy are discussed.     

Birefringence in electromagnetically induced transparency

(4)He 2 (3)S(1) --> 2 (3)P transitions at 1083 nm were laser probed in the presence of radiation that coupled the 2 (3)P level with the 3 (3)S(1) level in a ladder scheme. The metastable helium that was used was produced in a rf discharge. Significant atomic birefringence was detected, in addition to complete electromagnetically induced transparency. A simple theoretical model explains the experimental results.     

Planar metamaterial analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency for a miniature refractive index sensor

A planar metamaterial of analogue of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT-like) is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The EIT-like metamaterial unit cell, whose electrical size is only $0.2{\lambda }_0$, consists of a split ring resonator (SRR) and a folded-line pair resonator (FLPR). For the TM wave incidence, a sharp transmitted peak with high quality factor can be observed. The EIT-like metamaterial is fabricated and measured. Good agreement is obtained between the simulation and measurement results. A miniature refractive index sensor based on the proposed metamaterial is simulated and exhibits high sensitivity and Figure of Merit (FOM).     

Tunable terahertz plasmon in grating-gate coupled graphene with a resonant cavity

Plasmon modes in graphene can be tuned into resonance with an incident terahertz electromagnetic wave in the range of 1–4 THz by setting a proper gate voltage.By using the finite-difference-time-domain(FDTD)method,we simulate a graphene plasmon device comprising a single-layer graphene,a metallic grating,and a terahertz cavity.The simulations suggest that the terahertz electric field can be enhanced by several times due to the grating–cavity configuration.Due to this near-field enhancement,the maximal absorption of the incident terahertz wave reaches up to about 45%.     

Planar terahertz metamaterial with three-resonant frequencies

In this paper, we study a three-resonant metamaterial with the combination of dual-resonant and single-resonant metamaterials. We present a new method to design multi-resonant metamaterial, which has a smaller dimension than general symmetric and asymmetric multi-resonant metamaterials. Theoretical and experimental results show that the structure has three distinct absorption frequencies centering around 0.29 THz, 0.46 THz, and 0.92 THz, and that each of them corresponds to a different resonant mode. Due to the good separation of the different resonances, this design provides a unique and effective method to construct multiband terahertz devices.     

The metamaterial analogue of electromagnetically induced transparency by dual-mode excitation of a symmetric resonator

Electromagnetically induced transparency （EIT） is obtained in a symmetric U-shaped metamaterial, which is at- tributed to the simultaneously excited dual modes in a single resonator under lateral incidence. A large group index accom- panied with a sharp EIT-like transparency window offers potential applications for slowing down light and sensing.     

多窗口可调谐电磁诱导透明研究

当两束激光以Λ-构型作用于三能级原子系统并满足双光子共振条件时，探测激光场吸收谱呈现电磁诱导透明(EIT)特征.若再加一个微波控制场作用于该三能级系统的两个低能级跃迁之间，会导致探测吸收特性明显变化，EIT窗口将发生劈裂.通过求解相应的密度矩阵方程，揭示了外加微波场作用下EIT窗口的变化规律，并给出了相应的缀饰态解释.研究结果表明，在适当的条件下, 电磁诱导透明呈现三重结构，而EIT窗口的频率位置取决于微波控制场的拉比频率及频率失谐量.因此通过改变微波控制场的参数可以实现多EIT窗口的频率调谐. 关键词： 电磁诱导透明 量子相干 频率调谐 多窗口EIT     

Dark-state polaritons in electromagnetically induced transparency

We identify form-stable coupled excitations of light and matter ("dark-state polaritons") associated with the propagation of quantum fields in electromagnetically induced transparency. The properties of dark-state polaritons such as the group velocity are determined by the mixing angle between light and matter components and can be controlled by an external coherent field as the pulse propagates. In particular, light pulses can be decelerated and "trapped" in which case their shape and quantum state are mapped onto metastable collective states of matter. Possible applications of this reversible coherent-control technique are discussed.     

里德伯电磁感应透明中的相位

本文在典型的里德伯电磁感应透明系统中研究弱探测场在相互作用原子系统中的传播特性,重点关注基于偶极阻塞效应的探测场相位的合作光学非线性行为.通过与探测场透射率和光子关联作对比,发现相位的光学响应具有新特性:共振和Autler-Townes劈裂条件下相位对入射场强和初始光子关联不敏感,而在两者之间的频率范围内相位响应具有非线性特征,尤其在经典光频率处最显著.此外,提高主量子数和原子密度都会促进相位的非线性效应.综上,与探测场透射率和光子关联一样,相位可以作为合作光学非线性的另一个标识来刻画非线性现象,对里德伯电磁感应透明研究是一个有力的补充.     

Optical absorption and electromagnetically induced transparency in semiconductor quantum well driven by intense terahertz field

An approach for solving the excitonic absorption in a semiconductor quantum well driven by an intense terahertz field is presented.The formalism relies on the stationary single-photon Schro¨dinger equation in the full quantum mechanical framework.The optical absorption dynamics in both weak and strong couplings are discussed and compared.The excitonic absorption spectra show the Autler-Townes doublets for the resonance terahertz field,a replica peak for the non-resonance terahertz field,and the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon for modulating the decay rate of the second electron state in the weak coupling.In particular,the electromagnetically induced transparency phenomenon window range is discussed.In the strong coupling region,the multi-order energy level resonance splitting due to the strong optical field is found.There are three(non-resonance terahertz field) or four(resonance terahertz field) peaks in the optical absorption spectra.This work provides a simple and convenient approach to deal with the optical absorption in the exciton system.     

Ultracold Rydberg atoms for efficient storage of terahertz frequency signals using electromagnetically induced transparency

Quantum communication with terahertz (THz) frequency signals has many advantages like reduced attenuation and scintillation effects in certain atmospheric conditions along with very high level of data security. In this work, we propose a scheme to realize Quantum Memory (QM) for efficient storage of terahertz (THz) frequency signals using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in an ultracold atomic medium of ⁸⁷Rb Rydberg atoms prepared in a Two Dimensional Magneto Optical Trap (2D-MOT). The uniqueness of our scheme lies in the choice of the energy levels involved in the EIT process, all three of which have been chosen to be the Rydberg levels (enabling signal beam to be in THz) in a lambda type arrangement. This first of its kind proposal reveals that atomic media are a potential candidate for devising QMs which can store THz frequency signals. We have estimated that the Optical Depth (OD) in our scheme can reach a very high value of 690, very high maximum obtainable storage efficiency (η) of ～99%, the group velocity ($v_g$) can be as low as 5.07 × 10³ m/s, and the Delay Bandwidth Product (DBP) can be as high as 9.5. All of these estimates emphasize the feasibility of our scheme as a QM device for efficient storage of THz pulses.     

声子辅助的电磁感应透明和超慢光效应的研究

在对激子不作任何近似的条件下，对强耦合激子-声子系统中光的线性极化率进行了理论计算，证明了当信号光场频率与激子频率的失谐量等于光学声子的频率时，会出现电磁感应透明现象和超慢光效应.并且与对激子作Dyson-Maleev变换近似和玻色近似的结果进行比较，发现对激子无论是否作近似对产生电磁感应透明现象和超慢光效应都没有实质的影响. 关键词： 量子光学 电磁感应透明 激子 声子