Observation of relaxor ferroelectricity and multiferroic behaviour in nanoparticles of the ferromagnetic semiconductor La(2)NiMnO(6)

We report a diffuse phase transition (extending over a finite temperature range of ～50?K) in sol-gel derived nanoparticles (～25?nm) of the ferromagnetic double perovskite La(2)NiMnO(6). The macroscopic polarization (P-E hysteresis loop), validity of the Vogel-Fulcher relation and high dielectric permittivity (～9?×?10(2)) confirm relaxor ferroelectric phenomena in these magnetic nanoparticles. Compared to the corresponding bulk sample, appreciably large enhancement of the magnetocapacitive effect (MC ～?30%) is observed even under low magnetic field (0.5?T) around the broad relaxor dielectric peak temperature (～220?K), which is close to the ferromagnetic transition temperature (θ(f)?～?196?K). All of these features establish the multiferroic character of the La(2)NiMnO(6) nanoparticles. The inhomogeneities arising from chemical and valence mixing in the present La(2)NiMnO(6) nanoparticles and the inter-site, Ni/Mn-site disorder along with surface disorder of the individual nanoparticles resulting in local polar regions are attributed to the observed dielectric behaviour of the nanoparticles. The wave vector dependent spin-pair correlation is considered to be the plausible cause of the colossal magnetocapacitive response near the transition temperature. High permittivity and large magnetocapacitive properties make these ferromagnetic La(2)NiMnO(6) nanoparticles technologically important.     

Al-doping-induced magnetocapacitance in the multiferroic CuCrS2

In this paper,magnetic and dielectric properties of the quasi-two-dimensional triangular-lattice system CuCrS2 and its B-site-diluted analogs CuAl1?xCrxS2(x = 0.01 and x = 0.02) are investigated.Antiferromagnetic phase transition is observed at about 38.5 K by magnetization measurement without shift induced by a small amount of doping Al.Magnetodielectric effect is found near TN in each of the three compounds.The dielectric constant decreases and the magnetocapacitance increases with the increase of substitution of nonmagnetic Al3+ ions for the magnetic Cr3+ ions.The negative magnetocapacitive effect reaches ～ 13% for CuAl0.02Cr0.98S2.     

Anomalous acoustoelectric effect in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films

We have studied the acoustoelectric (AE) effect produced by surface acoustic waves (SAW) in a monolithic layered structure, composed of a piezodielectric LiNbO3 substrate and a La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 film. The experiments unexpectedly revealed in the longitudinal AE effect an anomalous contribution, invariant upon reversal of SAW propagation, which coexists with the ordinary (odd in wave vector) effect. The anomalous effect dominates near the metal-insulator transition, while the ordinary effect prevails at high and low temperatures. We show that the anomalous effect is caused by strong modulation of the film conductivity produced by the SAW elastic deformations.     

铁电马氏体中的电致形状记忆效应

与温度驱动形状记忆的缓慢响应及磁场驱动形状记忆的巨大体积相比较，电场驱动形状记忆具有响应快和体积小的优点。但是，基于传统反压电效应的电场驱动形状记忆由于变形量较小而收到限制。本研究表明，通过运用基于点缺陷短程序对称性遵循的普适性原理的可逆畴翻转机制，可以在铁电马氏体中获得巨大的电致形状记忆效应；其产生的变形量理论上是反压电效应所产生变形量的几十倍。采用原位畴观察实验给出了可逆畴翻转的直接证据。并且，在铁电多晶陶瓷中也获得了这种大的电致形状记忆效应。这种效应在很宽的频率范围内都很稳定，在疲劳测试中也显示了很好的可靠性。运用这一新的电致形状效应有望制备出新一代非线性驱动器材料。     

Orbital Precession Effect in the Reissner-Nordström Field with a Global Monopole

Using an elegant mathematical method advanced by us, we calculate the orbital precession effect in the gravitational field of the centre mass with electric charge and a global monopole. Analysing the results, we obtain that the orbital precession effect increases on account of the global symmetry breaking, but the orbital precession effect aroused by the electric charge of the field source reduces the orbital precession effect aroused by the mass of the field source. Generalizing the effect in the Schwarzschild field, we obtain interesting results by discussing the parameters of the celestial body, which provide a feasible experimental verification of the general relativity.     

Screening Effect in Charge Qubit

We study the influence of screening effect on quantum decoherence for charge qubit and the process of quantum information storage. When the flux produced by the circulating current in SQUID loop is considered, screening effect is formally characterized by a LC resonator. Using large-detuning condition and Fröhlich transformation in the qubit-cavity-resonator system, we calculate the decoherence factor for charge qubit and the effective qubit-cavity Hamiltonian. The decoherence factor owns a factorized structure, it shows that screening effect is a resource of decoherence for charge qubit. The effective Hamiltonian shows that the screening effect results in a frequency shift for charge qubit and a modified qubit-cavity coupling constant induced by a LC resonator.     

A Representation of Lattice Effect Algebras by Means of Right Near Semirings with Involution

Since every lattice effect algebra decomposes into blocks which are MV-algebras and since every MV-algebra can be represented by a certain semiring with an antitone involution as shown by Belluce, Di Nola and Ferraioli, the natural question arises if a lattice effect algebra can also be represented by means of a semiring-like structure. This question is answered in the present paper by establishing a one-to-one correspondence between lattice effect algebras and certain right near semirings with an antitone involution.     

Quantum anti-zeno acceleration of a chemical reaction

Evidence of acceleration of a chemical reaction in a condensed phase due to the quantum anti-Zeno effect is presented by a quantum-mechanical calculation. The acceleration is caused by electronic decoherence. The mechanism clearly indicates the anti-Zeno effect and involves both delocalization of the electronic dynamics and a feedback loop by coupling to vibrations. Believed to be the first established example of the quantum anti-Zeno effect in chemistry, the observed phenomenon suggests the possibility of quantum control of chemical reactivity by choice of solvent.     

高温超导体的“尖峰效应”

文章介绍了高温超导体中的“尖峰效应”,即临界电流随着磁场增加反而升高的反常现象。在很多超导体中,包括常规超导体和高温超导体,都存在着“尖峰效应”,这说明“尖峰效应”反映了磁通晶格的普遍性质,“尖峰效应”中钉扎以及温度密切相关,并且由于钉扎和势激活效应的相互作用,其表现非常复杂,目前对尖峰效应的主要理论解释是基于尖峰效应对应着从低场下的布拉格玻璃态到高场下的磁通玻璃态的相变,该理论和最近的很多实验结果符合得很好。文章最后对仍然存在析大量问题进行了介绍,例如尖峰附近的历史效应和 稳态以及磁通相图上的临界点。     

Optical phenomena in bismuth-substituted ferrite-garnet films in external electric field

Magneto-electric properties of bismuth-substituted ferrite-garnet epitaxial films and yttrium ferrite-garnet films have been investigated by using optical polarimetry method, electromagneto-optical (EMO) effect. The EMO effect in the transverse electric (E) field was measured. In the yttrium ferrite-garnet films, the EMO effect in the specified geometry is not registered, though in a longitudinal E-field, it was observed by us. The EMO effect in separate multidomain areas of bismuth-substituted ferrite-garnet films was registered in the transverse electric field. A weak hysteresis appears in the magnetic-field dependences of the measured effect. A value of the EMO signal considerably depends on the external magnetic field, and in the homogeneously magnetized films, the EMO effect is practically absent. The irradiation of bismuth-substituted ferrite-garnet films by powerful laser impulse leads to increase of the EMO signal that can be a result of removal, in them, of nonuniform pressure.     

Giant proximity effect in a phase-fluctuating superconductor

When a tunneling barrier between two superconductors is formed by a normal material that would be a superconductor in the absence of phase fluctuations, the resulting Josephson effect can undergo an enormous enhancement. We establish this novel proximity effect by a general argument as well as a numerical simulation and argue that it may underlie recent experimental observations of the giant proximity effect between two cuprate superconductors separated by a barrier made of the same material rendered normal by severe underdoping.     

Modeling and analysis of car-following behavior considering backward-looking effect

The car-following behavior can be influenced by its driver’s backward-looking effect.Especially in traffic congestion,if vehicles adjust the headway by considering backward-looking effect,the stability of traffic flow can be enhanced.A model of car-following behavior considering backward-looking effect was built using visual information as a stimulus.The critical stability conditions were derived by linear and nonlinear stability analyses.The results of parameter sensitivity analysis indicate that the stability of traffic flow was enhanced by considering the backward-looking effect.The spatiotemporal evolution of traffic flow of different truck ratios and varying degrees of backward-looking effect was determined by numerical simulation.This study lays a foundation for exploring the complex feature of car-following behavior and making the intelligent network vehicles control rules more consistent with human driver habits.     

共形转塔气动光学效应时空特性研究

研究了相同马赫数、相近雷诺数、不同口径(400 mm和2 000 mm)共形转塔的气动光学效应, 系统地给出了发射方向不同时气动光学效应导致的光束倾斜角和光束质量因子的时间变化特性、统计特性以及时间相关特性。发现多数场景下气动光学效应中平均流场效应占主要部分, 平均流场效应的特征频率由绕流流场的特征频率决定。尺寸效应的研究表明,缩比实验可以有效模拟实际飞行状态下气动光学效应的统计特性, 但无法准确模拟其时间相关特性。开展了前向发射时发射方向的优化选择, 指出发射方向在中轴线上天顶角约为40°时, 气动光学效应导致的波前畸变统计值和涨落值最小, 并且发射光束半径增加会导致平均流场效应快速增加, 但湍流效应基本不变。     

The becquerel effect

It is shown that the Becquerel effect (the photogalvanic effect) consists of an effect analogous to the Dember effect in semiconductors combined with the appearance of a photo-emf, accompanied by a photoadsorption effect at the electrode surfaces.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii Fizika, No. 8, pp. 104–107, August, 1969.     

Dynamic spin reorientation in orthoferrites irradiated by a laser pulse

A theory of dynamic spin reorientation in an antiferromagnet irradiated by a femtosecond laser pulse has been developed taking into account both the nonthermal effect of the pulse due to the inverse Faraday effect and the thermal effect of the pulse. It has been shown that even a weak heating of the spin subsystem by the pulse can significantly enhance the reorientation effect. The possibility of applying this effect to increase the efficiency of the excitation of the spin oscillations has been considered.     

A contribution to the theory of some photographic effects

The increase in sensitivity of a photographic layer by pre-illumination, the Clayden effect and the Villard effect are explained as special cases of the influence of multiple exposure on a sensitive layer. It is shown that the known fact can be explained by the theory of the intermittent effect which is based on the assumption of the inertia of electron processes in AgBr crystals.     

Optimal quantum estimation of the Unruh-Hawking effect

We address on general quantum-statistical grounds the problem of optimal detection of the Unruh-Hawking effect. We show that the effect signatures are magnified up to potentially observable levels if the scalar field to be probed has high mean energy from an inertial perspective: The Unruh-Hawking effect acts like an amplification channel. We prove that a field in a Fock inertial state, probed via photon counting by a noninertial detector, realizes the optimal strategy attaining the ultimate sensitivity allowed by quantum mechanics for the observation of the effect. We define the parameter regime in which the effect can be reliably revealed in laboratory experiments, regardless of the specific implementation.     

Screening influence on the Stark effect of impurity states in strained wurtzite GaN/AlxGa1-xN heterojunctions under pressure

The screening effect of the random-phase-approximation on the states of shallow donor impurities in free strained wurtzite GaN/Al x Ga 1 x N heterojunctions under hydrostatic pressure and an external electric field is investigated by using a variational method and a simplified coherent potential approximation.The variations of Stark energy shift with electric field,impurity position,Al component and areal electron density are discussed.Our results show that the screening dramatically reduces both the blue and red shifts as well as the binding energies of impurity states.For a given impurity position,the change in binding energy is more sensitive to the increase in hydrostatic pressure in the presence of the screening effect than that in the absence of the screening effect.The weakening of the blue and red shifts,induced by the screening effect,strengthens gradually with the increase of electric field.Furthermore,the screening effect weakens the mixture crystal effect,thereby influencing the Stark effect.The screening effect strengthens the influence of energy band bending on binding energy due to the areal electron density.     

金属型脉冲堆惯性效应计算

金属型脉冲堆的反应性负反馈主要来自燃料的热膨胀。当脉冲堆爆发短周期脉冲时,由于燃料的热膨胀不能及时响应温度的变化,致使负反馈滞后,产生惯性效应。采用ANSYS程序计算了在突然热加载条件下的振荡特性,同时采用随机中子输运程序计算了平均关闭系数,然后把带有振荡特性的热反馈带入点堆动力学方程,采用数值方法求解得到了考虑惯性效应的裂变脉冲波形。计算结果与Godiva实验测量结果一致。采用的数值方法中,脉冲周期与振荡效应存在定量关系。由计算结果可知,脉冲周期短,惯性效应明显;脉冲周期越长,惯性效应的影响越小,金属型脉冲堆爆发脉冲时应尽量避免短周期脉冲。