金电极上自组装L-cy/SOD膜修饰电极的电化学行为

采用自组装方法制备了N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸SAM-SOD修饰电极,运用循环伏安法研究了电极的电化学行为,该电极上的反应是一个受吸附控制的准可逆过程,并发现该修饰电极能够催化H<,2>O<,2>的电还原,还原峰电流随H<,2>O<,2>浓度的增大而减小,并且在2.4×10<'-6>～2.0×10<'-4>moL/L范围内...     

酪氨酸在聚5-磺基水杨酸/多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定

用不同方法制备了四种修饰电极,酪氨酸在聚5-磺基水杨酸/多壁碳纳米管电极上的电化学响应明显优于裸玻碳电极和其他修饰电极.运用多种电化学方法研究了酪氨酸在电极上的电化学行为,结果表明:酪氨酸在电极上的反应是电子数和质子数均为1的扩散控制的不可逆氧化过程,氧化峰电流与酪氨酸的浓度在9.0×10-6～2.0×10-4mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,IP(A)=-1.61×10-9-2.54×10-4c(mol/L),相关系数R=-0.9950,检出限为6.0×10-6mol/L.平均回收率为99.53％.     

聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰玻碳电极不可逆双安培法测定酪氨酸

在玻碳电极上成功地制备了聚对氨基苯磺酸修饰电极(P-p-ABSA/GCE),研究了酪氨酸在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.将此修饰电极用于流动注射不可逆双安培体系的构建,建立了流动注射双安培法直接测定酪氨酸的方法.在0 V外加电压下,在0.005 mol/L硫酸载液中,酪氨酸的氧化峰峰电流与其浓度在2.0×10-6 ～2.0×10-4 mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,方法的检出限(S/N=3)为1.0×10-7 mol/L.连续测定1.00×10-5 mol/L的酪氨酸标准溶液,电流值的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.48%(n=20).该方法具有较高的选择性和灵敏度,应用于测定复方氨基酸注射液中酪氨酸的含量的测定,结果比较满意.     

银掺杂聚L-酪氨酸修饰电极的制备及对尿酸的测定

利用循环伏安法将银和L-酪氨酸聚合修饰在玻碳电极表面,制成银掺杂聚L-酪氨酸(Ag-PLT/GCE)修饰电极,研究了尿酸在该电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法测定尿酸的新方法。在pH=3.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,扫描速率为100mV/s时,尿酸在该修饰电极上产生一氧化峰,Epa=0.637V(vs.Ag/AgCl)。用循环伏安法进行测定时,峰电流与尿酸浓度在8.0×10-7～1.0×10-5mol/L和1.0×10-5～1.0×10-4mol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为3.0×10-7mol/L。方法用于尿样中尿酸的测定,结果满意。     

聚L-酪氨酸修饰电极的制备及对多巴胺的测定

用循环伏安法制备了聚L 酪氨酸修饰玻碳电极,研究了多巴胺在聚L 酪氨酸修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了循环伏安法测定痕量多巴胺的新方法。多巴胺在pH7.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,在聚L 酪氨酸修饰玻碳电极上产生一对灵敏的氧化还原峰,峰电位分别为Epa=189mV,Epc=131mV。循环伏安法测定多巴胺的线性范围为1.0×10-3～1.0×10-8mol/L,检出限:1.0×10-9mol/L。方法可用于药剂中多巴胺的测定。     

邻苯二胺在L-酪氨酸功能化的玻碳电极上的聚合及其性能

首先在非水介质中通过电化学氧化将L-酪氨酸以C-N键共价键合在玻碳电极表面,形成L-酪氨酸接枝单层膜.再在L-酪氨酸功能化的玻碳电极上对邻苯二胺进行电化学聚合,从而制备了聚邻苯二胺/L-酪氨酸复合膜修饰玻碳电极(聚-o-PD-Tyr/GCE).研究发现聚-o-PD-Tyr/GCE在pH 6.8的磷酸缓冲溶液(PBS)中对抗坏血酸的电化学氧化具有催化作用,其氧化电位为0.35 V,比在裸玻碳电极上(0.58 V)降低了0.23 V,峰电流也明显升高.抗坏血酸在修饰电极上响应电流与其浓度在2.5×10-4～1.5×10-3mol·L-1范围内呈线性关系,检出限(3s/k)为43.64μmol·L-1.经修饰的电极保存在0.1 mol·L-1PBS中,可至少稳定5d.对5×10-4mol·L-1抗坏血酸溶液连续测定10次,测得此电极的相对标准偏差为3.2%.     

聚苏木精修饰玻碳电极测定酪氨酸

通过在玻碳电极上电聚合聚苏木精的方法制备了聚苏木精修饰电极,研究了酪氨酸在修饰电极上的电化学行为。在0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH3.0)中,富集电位为-0.3 V,富集时间为180 s,氧化峰电流与酪氨酸的浓度在5.0×10-6～1.0×10-4mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限为3.0×10-7mo...     

纳米银自组装电极的制备及对高氯酸二茂铁的电化学响应

采用自组装的方法制备了纳米银粒子修饰金电极,并运用循环伏安法、交流阻抗谱探讨了该电极的电化学特性.研究了高氯酸二茂铁在该修饰电极上的直接电化学行为.实验结果表明,高氯酸二茂铁在该修饰电极上具有良好的电流响应.用示差脉冲法测定高氯酸二茂铁,其氧化峰电流与浓度在4.0×10-6～5.0×10-4 mol/L范围呈良好线性关系,线性方程为:Ip(μA)=0.0236c(μmol/L)-0.0975,线性相关系数为0.9982,检出限为2.3×10-7 mol/L(信噪比为3).     

对硫磷在纳米氧化铝薄膜修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定

制备了纳米氧化铝修饰玻碳电极(nano-Al2O3/GCE/CME),用循环伏安法(CV)、线性扫描伏安法(LSV)研究了对硫磷(TP)在nano-Al2O3/GCE/CME上的电化学行为.实验表明,该修饰电极与裸电极相比能显著提高TP的氧化还原峰电流并降低其氧化峰电位.在0.1 mol/L HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液(pH =5)中,TP在该修饰电极上产生1个不可逆的还原峰( Epc1=-0.567 V)和1对可逆氧化还原峰( Epa2=0.018 V和Epc2=-0.008 V) ,氧化峰电流与TP的浓度在2.5×10-9～1.0×10-7 mol/L和1.0×10-7～1.0×10-5 mol/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,回归方程分别为: ip(μA)=0.2529+4.201C(μmol/L), r=0.9984和ip(μA)=0.6752+0.3181C(μmol/L), r=0.9946.开路富集30 s后,检出限为1.0 ×10-9 mol/L(S/N=3).在1.0×10-5 mol/L TP试液中连续测定10次,其RSD为3.8%.用此方法测定了蔬菜中TP的含量,回收率为95. 6%～100.5% ,结果满意.     

多壁碳纳米管修饰电极用于离子色谱分离电活性氨基酸的安培检测

将经羧基化的多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)修饰在玻碳电极表面,制得碳纳米管修饰电极,并通过循环伏安法研究了某些可氧化的氨基酸在该电极上的电催化行为。该电极对半胱氨酸,色氨酸和酪氨酸有明显的电催化作用,且具有较高的灵敏度和稳定性。在一定的色谱条件下,经过离子色谱分离,这些可氧化的氨基酸的检测限分别为:半胱氨酸7.0×10-7mol L;色氨酸2.0×10-7mol L;酪氨酸3.5×10-7mol L(3倍信噪比)。方法已用于头发中这些氨基酸含量的测定。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径--光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。