荧光镓-SDS共振瑞利散射法测定蛋白质的研究

在pH 2.21的B-R缓冲溶液中, 蛋白质的加入导致荧光镓共振瑞利散射信号增强, 基于此, 建立了一种测定蛋白质的新方法. 表面活性剂SDS的加入显著提高了体系的灵敏度, 牛血清白蛋白的浓度在0～4.5 μg/mL之间与体系的散射强度呈线性关系, 检出限为8.14 ng/mL. 方法已应用于人血清样品中蛋白质含量的测定. 同时, 利用分光光度法测定了其不同温度下的结合数、结合常数. 利用热力学方程研究发现荧光镓与蛋白质之间的主要作用力为静电引力.     

表面活性剂和染料探针共振光散射法测定蛋白质

在pH为2.1的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液中,蛋白质与十二烷基磺酸钠和吖啶红作用形成聚集体,导致体系产生较大的共振散射光(RLS)强度,并且RLS的增强程度与蛋白质的浓度呈线性关系,据此建立了测定蛋白质含量的方法.人血清白蛋白(HSA)和牛血清白蛋白(BSA)分别在0.03～3.0μg/mL和0.2～7.0μg/mL的浓度范围内与增强的共振光散射强度有良好的线性关系,相应的检测限分别为0.0119μg/mL和0.026μg/mL.对体系的反应机理进行了讨论.将方法用于人血清中蛋白质含量的测定,并将分析结果与考马斯亮蓝法进行了对照.t-检验证明,两种方法无显著性差异.     

樱桃红共振光散射光谱法测定牛血清白蛋白

研究了以樱桃红为共振光散射探针测定牛血清白蛋白的分析方法。在pH 3.58的BR缓冲溶液中,樱桃红与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)相互作用形成复合物,导致共振光散射(RLS)光谱明显增强,最大RLS峰位于340 nm处。由此建立检测痕量BSA的新方法。在优化实验条件下,RLS强度与BSA浓度的线性范围为1.0～60.0μg/mL,检出限为0.15μg/mL。方法可用于牛尿样品的分析。     

钙试剂-蛋白质体系的共振光散射光谱研究

基于蛋白质对钙试剂共振光散射的增强作用,拟定了一种测定蛋白质的共振光散射法。在pH 4.00的水溶液中,钙试剂在595 nm处的共振光散射增强与蛋白质浓度呈线性关系。此方法对人血清白蛋白、牛血清白蛋白的检出限分别可达0.068和0.085μg/mL。同时得到钙试剂与人血清白蛋白和牛血清白蛋白的结合常数(K)以及结合位点数(n)分别为8.15×104mol/L,0.18和7.67×104mol/L,1.5。     

人血清中总蛋白的四羧基铁酞菁二级散射法测定

在pH3.8的Britton-Robinson (B-R)缓冲溶液中,蛋白质与四羧基铁(Ⅲ)酞菁(Fe(Ⅲ)Pc (COOH)4)结合,使二级散射信号ISOS增强,且增强的二级散射信号与蛋白质浓度呈良好的线性关系.在最大的二级散射波长(λSOSmax)处分别对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、人血清白蛋白(HSA)、人免疫球蛋白(IgG)、α-糜蛋白酶(α-Chy)进行测定,线性范围分别为0.0～1.80mg/L、0.0～1.60 mg/L、0.03～1.20mg/L、0.0～1.20mg/L;相应检出限分别为0.501、0.354、3.63、1.18μg/L.将该方法应用于实际人血清样品中总蛋白的测定,结果与考马斯亮蓝法基本一致.     

荧光素-牛血清白蛋白的化学发光反应研究

研究了在碱性介质和阳离子表面活性剂CTMAB存在下,NaClO氧化荧光素-牛血清白蛋白的化学发光行为和化学发光反应的条件,提出了反相流动注射化学发光测定牛血清白蛋白的新方法.该法测定牛血清白蛋白的线性范围为0.02～6.4 μg/mL,检出限为0.005μg/mL.     

微乳液体系共振光散射法测定蛋白质

在酸性条件下,十二烷基磺酸钠微乳液与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)形成离子缔合物,使其共振散射光强度增强。研究了相应的光谱特征、影响因素及反应条件。在最佳实验条件下,BSA在0~5.0μg/mL范围内与散射光强度呈线性关系。方法的检出限为0.08μg/mL,可用于人血清样品中蛋白质的测定。     

偶氮胂Ⅲ—Ba(Ⅱ)共振散射光谱法测定人血清蛋白

在pH 3.0~3.8的BR缓冲溶液中,偶氮胂Ⅲ-Ba(Ⅱ)与蛋白质结合形成复合物,导致体系的共振散射信号增强,据此建立了蛋白质测定的共振散射光谱法。结果表明,在优化的实验条件下,牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的线性范围为0~1.0 mg/L,检出限为21.4μg/L;将该法用于人血清中蛋白质的测定,与医院测定结果基本一致;方法的批内精密度为2.8%(n=6),批间精密度为3.5%(n=6),回收率为96.0%~100.0%。     

同多酸和染料探针共振光散射法测定蛋白质

在酸性条件下,铬黑T、钼酸铵与蛋白质形成聚合物,使体系的共振光散射明显增强。据此建立了利用共振光散射技术测定总蛋白含量的新方法。在最佳条件下,体系的最大散射峰位于555nm处。共振光散射增强的程度与蛋白质的浓度呈良好的线性关系。牛血清白蛋白和人血清白蛋白的线性范围分别为0.20～10.0μg/mL和0.10～8.0μg/mL,检出限为0.050μg/mL和0.039μg/mL。方法已用于人血清样品的分析,并与考马斯亮蓝的测定结果进行了比较,两者无显著性差异。     

用共振光散射技术研究蛋白质与丽春红2R的相互作用

在pH3．50的Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液中，丽春红2R与蛋白质发生结合反应，使最大波长为352．5nm的共振散射光谱得到加强。据此建立了利用丽春红2R作探针，用共振散射光谱技术测定蛋白质的新方法。散射光强度与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)、人血清白蛋白(HAS)和免疫球蛋白(IgG)的浓度在0．25～17．5μg／mL范围内成正比。方法的稳定性好，快速、简便，绝大多数氨基酸、金属离子均不产生干扰，用于人血清样品中蛋白质的测定，获得了满意的结果，加标回收率为93．4％～100．1％。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。