最低硅铝比八面沸石MAX合成条件的研究

研究了SiO₂/Al₂O₃为2.0的LSX(又称MAX)的合成条件.结果表明,对于MAX体系,适合的老化温度为70℃,老化时间为6h.老化温度不仅影响反应速度,而且还影响诱导期产生晶核的类型,从而影响产物的纯度.对原料配比的研究表明,合成MAX的体系对水摩尔比的变化相当敏感.由于MAX体系的硅铝反应完全,便于原料中碱的回收和利用,从而可降低生产成本并减少对环境的污染.     

八面沸石用(NH_4)_2SiF_6脱铝补硅的研究 Ⅲ.脱铝补硅沸石的性能

沸石的热稳定性、酸性和催化性能与沸石的Si/Al比有很大的关系.用(NH_4)_2SiF_6对Y型沸石进行脱铝补硅,能改变沸石的Si/Al比,并且脱铝沸石中非骨架铝少,结晶度好,很适合用于研究其物化性质与催化性能随Si/Al比的变化. 样品的制备及结构参数测试参阅文献〔1〕.沸石的组分分析采用湿法化学分析法。晶格破坏温度由DTA法测定.将厚度为10mg/cm~2的片状沸石,于1.33×10~(-2)～     

脱铝八面沸石的研究(Ⅳ)——异丙苯催化裂化

以脉冲微型反应技术研究了脱铝八面沸石对异丙苯的催化裂化行为,并与反应条件下表面酸性进行了关联。样品裂化活性随骨架Si/Al比增加呈山峰形变化,Si/Al=5.38时最大;反应条件下酸中心数随脱铝深度增加却单调降低。动力学数据表明,样品裂化反应速度常数与强质子酸中心数随骨架Si/Al比增加具有平行的山峰形变化规律,Si/Al比为8.87附近的样品最高。     

自粘结低硅铝X型沸石的结构、吸附和N2/O2分离比

用原位合成方法直接将高岭土转化为所需形状的低硅Ｘ型沸石（ＰＬＳＸ）,经Ｘ衍射,＾２９Ｓｉ＾２７ＡｌＭＡＳＮＭＲ谱证实ＰＬＳＸ的结构硅铝比接近１,它含ＬＳＸ的组成为４０．４０％,含４Ａ的组成为１７．９２％,其余为无定形硅、铝氧化物、ＬＳＸ的骨架硅铝比接近１,是骨架负电荷分离最是均匀的Ｘ型沸石,２９３Ｋ时静态法测定和推算ＬＳＸ的饱和吸附水达３９．８０ｗｔ％,ＬＳＸ的组成为Ｎａ９６－ｘＫｘ（Ａｌ９６Ｓｉ     

自粘结低硅铝X型沸石的结构、吸附和N_2/O_2分离比

用原位合成方法直接将高岭土转化为所需形状的低硅X型沸石(PLSX),经X衍射,~(29)Si,~(27)AI MAS NMR谱证实PLSX的结构硅铝比接近1,它含LSX的组成为40.40%,含4A的组成为17.92%,其余为无定形硅、铝氧化物.LSX的骨架硅铝比接近1,是骨架负电荷分配最均匀的X型沸石,293K时静态法测定和推算ISX的饱和吸附水达39.80wt%,LSX的组成为Na(96-x)K_x(Al_(96)S_i(96)O_(384))·310H_2O,是吸附量高、价廉的吸水剂.PLSX对空气中氮氧的分离系数为α(N_2/O_2)=3.15,高于用于PSA的商品5A的α(N_2/O_2)=2.33和已报道的13X的α(N_2/O_2)=2.36.PLSX也是一种极好的吸附分离剂.     

八面沸石用(NH4)2SiF6脱铝补硅的研究:Ⅳ.反应机理

在典型的(NH_4)_2SiF_6与(NH_4Na)Y反应条件下分别研究了(NH_4Na)Y与NH_4F、HCl和NH_4F+HCl以及HY与NH_4F的作用。发现F~-单独不能使(NH_4Na)Y脱骨架铝,HCl也不能使其脱铝(在NH_4Ac缓冲液中),而HCl+NH_4F可使其脱铝并保持较高的结晶度。据此认为(NH_4)_2SiF_6与沸石反应时,沸石的骨架铝是在H~+和F~-的共同作用下逐步脱出的,而不是被F~-抽取掉。根据反应机理提出脱铝沸石中有少量组分性氟存在,水洗不能将其除去。     

Changes in Porous Parameters of the Ion Exchanged X Zeolite and Their Effect on CO2 Adsorption

Zeolite 13X (NaX) was modified through ion-exchange with alkali and alkaline earth metal cations. The degree of ion exchange was thoroughly characterized with ICP, EDS and XRF methods. The new method of EDS data evaluation for zeolites was presented. It delivers the same reliable results as more complicated, expensive, time consuming and hazardous ICP approach. The highest adsorption capacities at 273 K and 0.95 bar were achieved for materials containing the alkali metals in the following order K < Na < Li, respectively, 4.54, 5.55 and 5.94 mmol/g. It was found that it is associated with the porous parameters of the ion-exchanged samples. The Li_0.61Na_0.39X form of zeolite exhibited the highest specific surface area of 624 m²/g and micropore volume of 0.35 cm³/g compared to sodium form 569 m²/g and 0.30 cm³/g, respectively. The increase of CO₂ uptake is not related with deterioration of CO₂ selectivity. At room temperature, the CO₂ vs. N₂ selectivity remains at a very high stable level prior and after ion exchange in co-adsorption process (X_CO2 during adsorption 0.15; X_CO2 during desorption 0.95) within measurement uncertainty. Additionally, the Li_0.61Na_0.39X sample was proven to be stable in the aging adsorption-desorption tests (200 sorption-desorption cycles; circa 11 days of continuous process) exhibiting the CO₂ uptake decrease of about 6%. The exchange with alkaline earth metals (Mg, Ca) led to a significant decrease of SSA and micropore volume which correlated with lower CO₂ adsorption capacities. Interestingly, the divalent cations cause formation of mesopores, due to the relaxation of lattice strains.     

高硅Y沸石的研制及吸附热力学性质

Ｙ沸石用ＬｉＣｌ溶液交换得ＬｉＮａＹ沸石,再经ＳｉＣｌ４气相同晶取代进行脱铝补硅,获得高结晶度的高硅Ｙ沸石,硅铝比可大于１００［１］．在脱铝过程中,随着硅铝比的升高其孔结构和表面性质均发生变化,直接关联到Ｙ沸石在炼油中的催化裂化性能．通过对不同大小、结?..     

Influence of Water Vapor on Silica Membrane: Adsorption Properties and Percolation Effect

The influence of water vapor on silica membrane with pore size of 4 ? has been investigated in terms of adsorption properties and percolation effect at 50 and 90 oC. Two methods are employed: spectroscopic ellipsometry for water vapor adsorption and gas permeation of binary mixture of helium and H₂O. The adsorption behaviors on the silica membrane comply with the first-order Langmuir isotherm. The investigation demonstrates that helium flux through the silica membrane decreases dramatically in presence of H₂O molecules. The transport of gas molecules through such small pores is believed not to be continuous any more, whereas it is reasonably assumed that the gas molecules hop from one occupied site to another unoccupied one under the potential gradient. When the coverage of H₂O molecules on the silica surface increases, the dramatic decrease of helium flux could be related to percolation effect, where the adsorbed H₂O molecules on the silica surface block the hopping of helium molecules.     

Mechanism of Oxygen Adsorption on Partially K Exchanged Na-A Type Zeolite

Accordingly, the observation of oxygen selectivity on Na-K-A would indicate that nitrogen has a greater steric hindrance at the window than does oxygen. Using single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXD), it was confirmed that K at 8-member rings was relocated to 6-member rings and that the location of Na at 8-member rings became uncertain with calcination. It was also observed that Na-K-A was thermally more stable than Na-A. Using magic angle spin nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR), it was confirmed that Na at 8-member rings irreversibly changed location from a symmetric position to an asymmetric position with calcination.Using the atomic positions determined by SCXD, the mean square displacements (MSD) of oxygen and nitrogen inside the crystal of Na-A and Na-K-A were estimated by means of molecular dynamic simulation (MD). When temperature was decreased, the MSD of nitrogen was reduced to a greater extent than that of oxygen and the MSD of nitrogen inside Na-K-A was reduced by a greater margin than that inside Na-A.     

有序介孔二氧化硅对正丁醛的吸附性能

合成了一系列具有不同孔结构与性质的有序介孔二氧化硅材料SBA-15、MCM-41、SBA-16、KIT-6, 同时通过改变水热温度制备了不同孔径大小的SBA-15, 并利用小角X射线散射、透射电镜、扫描电镜和氮气吸附-脱附等手段, 对其介孔结构进行了表征. 以正丁醛为探针分子, 考察了其对有机醛的吸附, 并与Y-沸石的吸附性能做了对比. 结果表明, 材料的介孔比表面积与其对正丁醛的吸附量成正比, 吸附等温线符合Langmuir 模型, 属于单层吸附, 具有最大介孔比表面积的MCM-41对正丁醛的吸附量最大(484 mg·g^-1). 最后将SBA-15添加到卷烟滤嘴中, 实验结果表明, SBA-15能显著降低卷烟烟气中巴豆醛的释放量.     

同晶置换改性FAU分子筛结构及吸附性能的密度泛函理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,考察了八面沸石(FAU)型分子筛β笼孔道结构内含氧化合物(甲醇、二甲醚、丙醛)的吸附,并进一步计算研究了Zn,Ca同晶置换改性的作用机理.研究结果表明,β笼孔道结构内,Al原子为甲醇、二甲醚和丙醛的吸附活性位,Si原子无吸附活性.Zn,Ca掺杂的β笼结构内,正2价的Zn和Ca掺杂替换正3价的Al,导致邻近的Si原子位置形成缺电子空穴,增强了甲醇、二甲醚和丙醛的吸附,而杂原子Zn和Ca本身并没有吸附活性.     

有序介孔二氧化硅对正丁醛的吸附性能

合成了一系列具有不同孔结构与性质的有序介孔二氧化硅材料SBA-15、MCM-41、SBA-16、KIT-6,同时通过改变水热温度制备了不同孔径大小的SBA-15,并利用小角X射线散射、透射电镜、扫描电镜和氮气吸附-脱附等手段,对其介孔结构进行了表征.以正丁醛为探针分子,考察了其对有机醛的吸附,并与Y-沸石的吸附性能做了对比.结果表明,材料的介孔比表面积与其对正丁醛的吸附量成正比,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,属于单层吸附,具有最大介孔比表面积的MCM-41对正丁醛的吸附量最大(484 mg·g-1).最后将SBA-15添加到卷烟滤嘴中,实验结果表明,SBA-15能显著降低卷烟烟气中巴豆醛的释放量.     

热处理对憎水硅胶吸附水蒸气的影响

用甲基氯硅烷蒸气或溶液处理硅胶,均可制成憎水硅胶。关于憎水硅胶的吸附性能和热稳定性的研究,文献中时有报道。本文主要探讨以下3个问题:(1)在水蒸气吸附中,硅胶表面自由羟基和缔合羟基究竟哪种起主要作用;(2)从吸附水蒸气等数据讨论硅胶表面有机基团—OSi(CH_3)_3的热稳定性;(3)用二甲基二氯硅烷(DMCS)和三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)处理的憎水硅胶,哪种硅胶的热稳定性较高。这些基本问题,不仅具有学术意义,对研究氧化物表面改性也有参考价值。     

分子筛吸附性质的气相色谱研究

应用气相色谱分析法,研究了空气、氮气、氧气、甲烷在两种新合成的4A、5A分子筛上的吸附和分离性质,根据相关的吸附动力学模型导出了色谱峰与吸附热和吸附活化能关系的公式,并应用他们对检测数据进行了处理,得出了这两种分子筛对上述气体的吸附特征、选择性及吸附热和吸附活化能,以及气体保留时间、吸收峰面积与温度的关系。并且从分子筛的结构特征分析了吸附热和吸附活化能变化的原因。