Numerical study of the flux-flow onset in thin-film superconductors

Time-resolved measurements of the flux-flow voltage provide detailed information on the spatial current distribution and the migration of flux domains across superconducting thin-film samples. Computer simulations based on the Gibbs free-energy-barrier model achieve excellent agreement with the experimental voltage signal generated by a single flux domain. In order to describe the more general case of a series of consecutive flux tubes, the mutual interaction between the flux tubes has to be included. For type-I superconductors the comparison of such extended model calculations with the experimental results reveals a damped oscillation of the number of flux quanta in consecutive domains. Thus, a detailed understanding of the onset of flux-flow is achieved for the first time.     

RF impedance of intrinsic Josephson junction in flux-flow state with a periodic pinning potential and its optimum condition for RF radiation

We reported dynamics of Josephson vortices interacting with electromagnetic waves in strongly coupled long Josephson junctions stack, such as an intrinsic Josephson junction (IJJ), by numerical simulations based on coupled sine-Gordon equations considering a periodic pinning potential of sinusoidal form. The numerical simulation results for the influence of the electromagnetic waves on flux-flow properties show that the periodic pinning potential induces an in-phase motion of Josephson vortices over the junction stacks, which achieve high performances of IJJ flux-flow oscillator. In order to prove it from another viewpoint, we calculate RF impedance of long Josephson junction stacks in flux-flow state. A remarkable negative real part region of RF impedance appears at 1st harmonic step, it means that the long Josephson junction stacks in flux-flow state acts as an oscillator at the negative real part region. In this study, we evaluate the optimum condition for RF radiation with the periodic pinning potential.     

Numerical research on RF induced zero-crossing steps of stacked Josephson junction in flux-flow state

RF responses of intrinsic Josephson junction stacks in the flux-flow state have been studied to explore vortex motion. We have reported various RF induced effects on flux-flow of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+y intrinsic Josephson junctions. In a pinning free state, a remarkable zero-crossing step appears at a certain voltage on I–V curve, which is closed to the voltage V = NΦ₀f, where N is the number of junction, Φ₀ is the flux quantum, f is the RF frequency, respectively. It is shown that vortex motion phase-locked to external microwaves play an important role in the responses. In this report, we have carried out numerical simulation by using the coupled sine-Gordon equations in order to compare with the experimental results. The numerical simulations reveal that the alternating magnetic field of microwaves drives vortices into the stack and generates the zero-crossing step.     

Research on flux-flow oscillators induced different types of pinning potentials

We have studied dynamics of Josephson vortices in strongly coupled long Josephson junctions stack, such as an intrinsic Josephson junction, by numerical simulations based on coupled sine–Gordon equations considering a periodic pinning potential. In this report, we investigate flux-flow oscillators induced two types of pinning potentials. One is magnetic periodic pinning potential, the other is periodic bias currents. Our results demonstrate that the periodic pinning potential can develop the generated power of flux-flow oscillator in certain condition.     

Green–Kubo relations for dynamic interfacial excess properties

In this paper we analyze the fluctuations of the in-plane interfacial excess fluxes in multiphase systems, in the context of the extended irreversible thermodynamics formalism. We derive expressions for the time correlation functions of the surface extra stress tensor, the surface mass flux vector, and the surface energy flux vector, and use these expressions to derive Green–Kubo relations for the surface shear viscosity, the surface dilatational viscosity, the surface diffusion coefficient, and the surface thermal conductivity. These Green-Kubo relations can be used to compute these excess transport coefficients using for example molecular dynamics simulations.     

光学窗口外形对气动光学效应的影响

 流场求解采用3维雷诺平均N-S方程,分别利用ROE格式和二阶中心格式对对流通量和粘性通量进行离散处理;用高斯-赛德尔隐式格式对方程进行时间推进求解,采用k-ε两方程模型用于湍流的数值模拟。采用几何光学结合物理光学方法分析平均流动和湍流对光场的影响。计算结果表明:由于窗口外形曲面的曲率不同,两种窗口外部流场存在较大区别,气流速度、密度的分布情况各不相同。曲率较大的窗口外形对气流的压缩程度较大,导致气流绕过窗口顶端中心区域时流速快,密度梯度大,因而窗口空气阻力较大,光束在该窗口流场中传输受气流影响的影响也较大。     

Transport properties of a binary mixture of CO₂-N₂ from the pair potential energy functions based on a semi-empirical inversion method

The potential energy surface of a CO 2 –N 2 mixture is determined by using an inversion method, together with a new collision integral correlation [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 19 1179 (1990)]. With the new invert potential, the transport properties of CO2–N2 mixture are presented in a temperature range from 273.15 K to 3273.15 K at low density by employing the Chapman–Enskog scheme and the Wang Chang–Uhlenbeck–de Boer theory, consisting of a viscosity coefficient, a thermal conductivity coefficient, a binary diffusion coefficient, and a thermal diffusion factor. The accuracy of the predicted results is estimated to be 2% for viscosity, 5% for thermal conductivity, and 10% for binary diffusion coefficient.     

浅析一种空气粘度的测量方法

基于流体力学原理,设想气垫导轨上的滑块与导轨间分为速度不同的空气层,结合空气粘性系数的求解方法,反向推导空气粘性系数表达式,得出空气粘度的计算式.通过将光杠杆原理测量得到的空气层厚度、滑块与导轨接触面积及空气粘性系数代入空气粘度的计算式,最终算出了实验条件下的空气粘度.     

Heat transfer and force balance approaches in bubble dynamic study during subcooled flow boiling of water–ethanol mixture

In this paper, the subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient of pure water, water–ethanol mixture and pure ethanol is determined experimentally in horizontal rectangular channels for various parameters like heat flux, mass flux and channel inlet temperatures. Flow visualization is carried out using high speed camera. The bubble departure diameter, growth period and waiting period of bubbles are determined. Correlations are developed for subcooled flow boiling Nusselt number of water–ethanol mixture based on force balance approach and heat transfer approach. The parameters considered for correlation are grouped as dimensionless numbers by Buckingham π-theorem. The significance of each dimensionless number on heat transfer coefficient is discussed. The correlations developed for subcooled flow boiling heat transfer coefficient are validated with the experimental data. They are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. It is found that the correlation based on force balance approach predicts the subcooled flow boiling Nusselt number well when compared with that of heat transfer approach correlation.     

模型加力燃烧室燃烧流场的并行计算

本文采用基于MPI的并行算法,采用动态内存分配、分区算法和多点重合交错网格系统,在贴体网格下对带V形槽稳定器模型加力燃烧室素流化学反应流场进行数值模拟,湍流模型采用k方程亚网格尺度模型,燃烧模型采用亚网格EBU模型,采用热通量辐射模型估算辐射通量。计算结果表明并行计算对复杂形状的化学反应流动计算效率很高,是模拟大规模的燃烧问题的有力工具。     

On the breakdown of force-free configurations in type-II superconductors

The steady-state time-averaged voltage produced along a current-carrying type-II superconductor in a longitudinal magnetic field cannot be described as a flux-flow voltage generated by an inward-collapsing array of helical vortices.     

Measurement of liquid surface properties using a He-Ne laser

The surface tension, viscosity, and damping coefficient of surface waves on a liquid sample have been determined by observing the diffraction of an optical beam. To achieve high accuracy, a He-Ne laser having a high brightness and coherence was used as a light source. Experiments illustrating and verifying the techniques are described.Values of the surface tension for different samples have been measured with a standard deviation of less than ±0.6% for frequencies of the ripple motion ranging from 500 to 3 000 Hz over the temperature range 20–45°C. The viscosity and damping coefficient of water were measured for frequencies in the range 600–1500 Hz. The values obtained agree with those available from the literature.     

Magnetoresistance relaxation and flux creep in high-Tc superconductors

The appearance of hysteretic voltages on ceramic high temperature superconductors during the measurement of the mixed state resistance is now well known., While these voltages can be attributed to a field dependence of the critical current density, the primary phonomenon is the V—H—i characteristic which is representative of a magnetic field induced, dissipative process in the granular material.

Two mechanisms may be responsible for these effects; one is the well known flux-flow or flux-creep phenomenon where the electrical energy is used in changing the vortex system while the other is a more conventional thermal loss as the intergranular contacts are driven normal by the applied field.

The observation of a corresponding time dependent residual voltage which is associated with flux trapped in the superconductor is examined in terms of the two models, both of which are found to predict the observed time decay and also justify the derivation of the flux-trapping energies from the decay law. The differences between the models appear in the prefactors to the logarithmic decay term.     

基于分子动力学模拟流体输运性质的稳定性分析

利用线性响应理论对Ar流体输运参数进行了分子动力学模拟,结果发现:导热系数和黏度会随着自相关积分函数积分时间的增加而产生剧烈波动,而扩散系数却相对稳定. 针对积分稳定性这一问题,对导热系数和黏度中的热流密度和应力张量进行了分解分析,发现含分子间作用力项是影响稳定性的最大因素. 从牛顿力学出发对作用力项的影响机理进行了分析,指明减小这种影响的最主要方法是使在体系进行统计输运参数前达到稳定平衡状态,即最小的预平衡步数应该满足使体系达到该状态下熵最大或者能量最低,并尽量减小温度对体系的影响. 同时,还对模拟盒尺寸、统计步长等因素对积分稳定性的影响进行了分析,给出了保持稳定性的建议. 关键词： 分子动力学 输运性质 自相关函数 稳定性     

Vertically forced surface wave in weakly viscous fluids bounded in a circular cylindrical vessel

Two-time scale perturbation expansions were developed in weakly viscous fluids to investigate surface wave motions by linearizing the Navier－Stokes equation in a circular cylindrical vessel which is subject to a vertical oscillation. The fluid field was divided into an outer potential flow region and an inner boundary layer region. A linear amplitude equation of slowly varying complex amplitude, which incorporates a damping term and external excitation, was derived for the weakly viscid fluids. The condition for the appearance of stable surface waves was obtained and the critical curve was determined. In addition, an analytical expression for the damping coefficient was determined and the relationship between damping and other related parameters (such as viscosity, forced amplitude, forced frequency and the depth of fluid, etc.) was presented. Finally, the influence both of the surface tension and the weak viscosity on the mode formation was described by comparing theoretical and experimental results. The results show that when the forcing frequency is low, the viscosity of the fluid is prominent for the mode selection. However, when the forcing frequency is high, the surface tension of the fluid is prominent.     

Temperature Properties in Polydisperse Granular Mixtures

Numerical simulations are employed to consider the problem of determining the granular temperatures of the species of a homogeneous heated granular mixture with a power-law size distribution. The partial granular temperature ratios are studied as functions of the fractal dimension D, the restitution coefficient e, the rescaled viscosity time, the average occupied area fraction φ, the total particle number N and the number fraction. Different species of particles in a power-law system typically do not have the same mean kinetic energy, namely the granular temperature. It is found that the extent of nonequipartition of kinetic energy is determined by the fractal dimension D, the restitution coefficient e and the rescaled viscosity time, while is insensitive to the total particle number N , the area fraction φ and the number fraction.     

Transport properties of a binary mixture of CO2ben N2 from the pair potential energy functions based on a semi-empirical inversion method

The potential energy surface of a CO₂-N₂ mixture is determined by using an inversion method, together with a new collision integral correlation [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 19 1179 (1990)]. With the new invert potential, the transport properties of CO₂-N₂ mixture are presented in a temperature range from 273.15 K to 3273.15 K at low density by employing the Chapman-Enskog scheme and the Wang Chang-Uhlenbeck-de Boer theory, consisting of a viscosity coefficient, a thermal conductivity coefficient, a binary diffusion coefficient, and a thermal diffusion factor. The accuracy of the predicted results is estimated to be 2% for viscosity, 5% for thermal conductivity, and 10% for binary diffusion coefficient.     

转筒法测液体黏度关系式比较研究

对文献中转筒法测液体黏度的几个关系式进行了比较研究,指出了其中的问题.     

液晶的转动粘质系数的测试原理与方法

液晶的转动粘质度是液晶用于显示和通讯的重要物理参量.本文设计开发了基于微机的液晶参数测试光学系统，在该系统上研究了液晶的转动粘质系数的测试原理与方法：通过测试液晶盒在偏置电压下相位驰预时间，推导出转动粘质系数的值.测试Merck公司的 E7液晶的转动粘质系数随温度变化的曲线，进行了理论拟合，测试结果与理论符合得很好.通过分析另一系统对液晶介质常数随温度变化的曲线的测试结果，验证了该测试原理与方法的正确性.该测试方法具有简单、自动化的特点.     

Effective frequency-dependent anchoring coefficient and rotational viscosity of nematic liquid crystals

The effective rotational viscosity and polar anchoring coefficient of a nematic liquid crystal were determined using electro-optical response by changing the frequency of the electric field in the kilohertz range. Both quantities monotonically decreased with an increase in the frequency and converged to a certain value at several tens of kilohertz. The effective rotational viscosity changes more than the order of magnitude in experimental range. On the other hand, the effective value of anchoring coefficient changes several times. We tried to explain the trends with the effect of an electric field induced by the motion of ionic impurity in liquid crystal.