HCCO与CH(2Π)双自由基反应微观动力学的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论的UB3LYP/6-311+G**方法和高级电子相关的UQCISD(T)/6-311+G**方法研究了HCCO与CH(2Π)自由基反应的微观机理. 采用双水平直接动力学方法IVTST-M和正则变分过渡态理论研究了在1 000～2 500 K温度范围内反应的速率常数. 结果表明, HCCO与CH(2Π)双自由基反应过程中存在3个反应通道, 生成产物为C2H2+CO. 通道2为主要反应路径, 通道1也占一定的比例. 在所研究的温度范围内, 速率常数计算的变分效果均较小, 反应为放热反应.     

NCS自由基与NO反应动力学的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31+G^*和高级电子相关校正的偶合簇[CCSD(T)/6-311+G^*]方法,对NCS自由基与NO反应的机理和动力学进行了理论研究,得到了体系的势能面信息和可能的反应机理.计算了反应的热力学参数及反应能垒.采用传统过渡态理论计算了各反应通道的速率常数.研究结果表明,NCS自由基与NO反应中存在4个反应通道,产物分别为OCS+N₂,CS+N₂O,ONS+CN和ONCNS.从能量变化和反应速率两方面考虑,NCS+NOOCS+N₂应为主反应通道.     

NO+HCCCO反应势能面的理论研究

在CCSD(T)/6-311G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)+ZPVE水平下, 对反应NO＋HCCCO进行了研究. 建立了反应势能面, 揭示了该反应的反应机理, 通过O迁移、C—C键或N—O键断裂等多步反应, 得到4种产物, 其中, 最主要产物为P1(HCCO+NCO).     

ClO与ClO自由基反应机理及电子密度拓扑分析

利用密度泛函理论对ClO与ClO自由基反应机理进行了深入理论探讨,在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G（3df）水平上对该反应体系的反应物、中间体、过渡态及产物进行了几何构型优化,对反应通道进行了IRC(内禀反应坐标）路径解析,计算了沿各反应通道的能垒和离解能,并进行了零点能校正.从量子拓扑学的角度,对反应通道IRC途径上一些重要点进行了电子密度拓扑分析,讨论了反应过程中化学键的断裂、生成以及键的变化规律,找到了反应途径的能量过渡态和结构过渡态.     

Mechanism and Kinetics for the Reaction of NCS and OH Radicals

The mechanism and dynamical properties for the reaction of NCS and OH radicals have been investigated theoretically. The minimum energy paths (MEP) of the reaction were calculated using the density functional theory(DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311 G^** level, and the energies along the MEP were further refined at the QCISD(T)/6-311 G^** level. As a result, the reaction mechanism of the title reaction involves three channels, producing HCS NO and HNC SO products, respectively. Path Ⅰ and path Ⅱ are competitive, with some advantages for path Ⅰ in kinetics. As for path Ⅲ, it looks difficult to react for its high energy barrier. Moreover, the rate constant have been calculated over the temperature range of 8190-2500K using canonical variational transition-state theory (CVT). It was found that the rate constants for both path Ⅰ and path Ⅱ are negatively dependent on temperature, which is similarwith the experimental results for reactions of NCS with NO and NO2, and the variational effect for the rate constant calculation olavs an important role in whole temperature range.     

Theoretical Study of Reaction Mechanism of 1-Propenyl Radical with NO

The reaction system of 1-propenyl radical with NO is an ideal model for studying the intermolecular and intramolecular reactions of complex organic free radicals containing C=C double bonds. On the basis of the full optimization of all species with the Gaussian 98 package at the B3LYP/6-311++G** level, the reaction mechanism was elucidated extensively using the vibrational mode analysis. There are seven reaction pathways and five sets of small molecule end products: CH2O+CH3CN, CH2CHCN+H2O, CH3CHO+HCN, CH3CHO+HNC, and CH3CCH+HNO. The channel of C3H5￠+NO→ IM1→TS1→IM2→TS2→IM3→TS3→CH3CHO+HCN is thermodynamically most favorable.     

SiH3与NO2反应机理的理论研究

The reaction between silyl radicals and nitric oxide was studied by using the B3LYP/6 311G and the high-level electron-correlation CCSD(T)/6-311G methods. The geometries for reactants, the transition states and the products were completely optimized. All the transition states are verified by the vibrational analysis and the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC) calculations. The results show that the reaction is via multi-channel and multi-step. Five products may be formed via the complex reaction channels, i.e. association, H-shift and dissociation.     

2-溴丙酸气相热消除反应的机理

用密度泛函（DFT）方法,在B3LYP/6-31G**水平上对2-溴丙酸气相消除反应机理进行了研究.计算表明,反应主要是通过半极化五元环结构过渡态进行的,羧基上的氢原子协助溴原子离去,羧基氧原子帮助稳定过渡态.在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(3df,3pd)水平上对B3LYP/6-31G**优化的几何构型进行了单点能计算,计算所得反应的速度控制步骤的活化能为189.461 kJ•mol－1,偏离实验值((180.3±3.4) kJ•mol－1)5.08％.     

Theoretical Study on Mechanism and Kinetics of Reaction of O(3P) with Propane

The reaction of C₃H₈+O(³P)→C₃H₇+OH is investigated using ab initio calculation and dynamical methods. Electronic structure calculations for all stationary points are obtained using a dual-level strategy. The geometry optimization is performed using the unrestricted second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation method and the single-point energy is computed using the coupled-cluster singles and doubles augmented by a perturbative treatment of triple excitations method. Results indicate that the main reaction channel is C₃H₈+O(³P)→i-C₃H₇+OH. Based upon the ab initio data, thermal rate constants are calculated using the variational transition state theory method with the temperature ranging from 298 K to 1000 K. These calculated rate constants are in better agreement with experiments than those reported in previous theoretical studies, and the branching ratios of the reaction are also calculated in the present work. Furthermore, the isotope effects of the title reaction are calculated and discussed. The present work reveals the reaction mechanism of hydrogen-abstraction from propane involving reaction channel competitions is helpful for the under-standing of propane combustion.     

CF_2ClC(O)OCH_2CH_3+OH的反应机理及动力学性质的理论研究

利用双水平直接动力学方法,在MCG3-MPWB//M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ水平上研究了CF_2ClC(0)OCH_2CH_3+OH的微观反应机理.得到了反应物CF_2ClC(O)OCH_2CH_3的5种稳定构象(RCl~RC5),并对每一构象考察了发生在-CH_3-和-CH_2-基团上的所有可能氢提取反应通道.利用改进的变分过渡态理论(ICVT)结合小曲率隧道效应校正(SCT)计算了各反应通道的速率常数,分析了各构象反应位点选择性.结果表明,对于构象RCl和RC2,低温时氢提取反应主要发生在-CH_2-基团上;而对于构象RC3RC4和RC5,发生在-CH_3基团上的氢提取反应通道在整个温度区间内占绝对优势.根据Boltzmann配分函数计算总包反应速率常数,在298 K温度下计算的体系总包反应速率常数与实验值相符,进而给出200~1000 K温度范围内拟合了速率常数的三参数Arrhenius表达式:k_(overall)=5.45×10~(25)T~(4.54)exp(-685/T).     

Theoretical Studies on Reaction Mechanisms of HNCS with NH (X3∑)

The reaction mechanisms of HNCS with NH(X3∑) were theoretically investigated. The minimum energy paths (MEP) of the reaction were calculated by using the density functional theory(DFT) at the B3LYP/6-311 G** level. The equilibrium structural parameters, the harmonic vibrational frequencies, the total energies, and the zeropoint energies(ZPE) of all the species were calculated. The single-point energies along the MEP were further refined at the QCISD(T)/6-311 G** level. It was found that the mechanisms of the HNCS NH(X3∑) reaction involve two channels producing the HNC HNS and the N2H2 CS products. Channel 1 plays a dominant role and the HNC HNS are the main products. The reaction is exothermic.     

ClONO2与H的反应机理

在密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31G^*基组下,研究ClONO₂+H→HONO₂+Cl和ClONO₂+H→OH+ClONO(cis)及ClONO₂+H→OH+ClONO(trans)的反应机理.计算得到各可能反应途径的过渡态,并经过内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析加以证实.三个反应的活化能垒(分别为19.5,20.0和23.2kJ·mol^-1)相差不大,可认为同时发生.但第一个反应放出的热量较多,可以看成是反应的主通道.     

HNCS与CX(X=H,F,Cl)自由基反应的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论的UB3LYP方法,在6-31 G^*水平上按BERNY能量梯度解析法全参数优化了HNCS与CX(X=H,F,Cl)反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型,通过同一水平的振动频率分析确认了中问体和过渡态,并得到各驻点的零点能校正(Ezpc)．通过内禀反应坐标(IRC)计算确认了反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物的相关性并得到最小能量途径(MEP)．为了得到体系势能面的更准确信息,在各驻点的UB3LYP／6-31 G^*构型基础上,又进行了UQCISD(T)／6-311 G^**水平上的单点能计算,得到体系的势能面信息和可能的反应机理．应用变分过渡态理论及最小能量途径半经典绝热基态(MEPSAG)、小曲率半经典绝热基态(SCSAG)隧道效应校正的方法计算了标题反应在250～1500K温度范围内的速率常数．研究结果表明,HNCS与CX自由基反应是通过分子间H原子迁移及N—C键的断裂,生成产物CS NCXH．反应均为放热反应．     

HNCO与CX（X=F，Cl，Br）自由基反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法,在6-31+G~*水平上按BERNY能量梯度解 析全参数优化了HNCO与CX（X=F,Cl,Br）反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型,通过 振动频率分析确认了中间体和过渡态,内禀反应坐标（IRC）对反应物、中间体、 过渡态和产物的相关性予以证实,对各驻点进行了零点能校正（ZPE）在此基础上 计算了反应能垒。研究结果表明,与HNCO和其它小分子自由基反应不同,HNCO与 CX自由基反应首先发生分子间H原子迁移,随后N与CX的C（1）原子相互靠近成键并 生成较稳定的中间体,再发生N-C（2）键的断裂,完成N向C（1）上的迁移并进一 步解离为产物。反应按反应物→TS1→IM→TS2→产物通道进行。反应为放热反应。     

Oxygen Atom Exchange Mechanism in Reaction of OH Radical with AsO

IntroductionNitrous acid,HONO,has been extensivelystudied by means of experimental[1,2 ] andtheoretical methods due to its importance inatomspheric chemistry[3 ] . Those studies includedits experimental spectroscopy[1,2 ] and potentialenergy surface with the aid of density functionaltheory[3 ] . Its phosphorus analogue,HOPO,hasbeen studied by virtue of theoreticalcomputations[4] ,and detected in the gas by infraredlaser spectroscopy in2 0 0 0 by Bell and coworkers[5]and matrix isolation in…     

ClONO2与Cl(2P3/2)的反应机理

在密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-31G^*水平上,研究了ClONO₂+Cl(²P_3/2)Cl₂+NO₃和ClONO₂+Cl(²P_3/2)ClO+ClONO(cis)及ClONO₂+Cl(²P_3/2)ClOCl+NO₂的反应机理.计算得到各可能反应途径的过渡态,并经过内禀反应坐标(IRC)分析加以证实.反应ClONO₂+Cl(²P_3/2)Cl₂+NO₃反应活化能垒最低,为4.5kJ/mol,是反应主通道.     

Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics study on Addition of CCl4 to 1-hexene Catalyzed by Mo-Mo Quintuply-bond

Transition metal-catalyzed atom transfer radical addition (ATRA) reactions are an effective and versatile strategy for constructing carbon–carbon bonds in organic synthesis. Typically, the metal center in this metal-assisted radical transformation undergoes a reversible redox process. In this work, a quintuply-bonded dinuclear complex, Mo₂(N^∧N)₂ {N^∧N = μ-κ²-CH[N(2,6-iPr₂C₆H₃)]₂}, has been investigated as potential catalyst for radical addition of CCl₄ to 1-hexene by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The study shows that the Mo₂(N^∧N)₂-mediated radical addition reaction is computationally predicted to occur with acceptable activation energies, indicating that the Mo-Mo quintuple bond can be applied as an effective catalyst for this transformation under mild conditions. The whole reaction involves 3 steps, two of which are metal-mediated. Firstly, the C-Cl bond activiation catalyzed by Mo₂(N^∧N)₂ to obtain Mo₂(N^∧N)₂Cl and ·CCl₃ radical; Then the ·CCl₃ radical interacts with 1-hexene to get an addition, the addition product reacts with the Mo₂(N^∧N)₂Cl to get the last product and regenerate the catalyst Mo₂(N^∧N)₂. Both the thermodynamic and kinetic study show that the second step is the rate-determine step. When coordinating solvent pyridine is added to the catalytic reaction, the reaction is suppressed due to their high energies barriers, which is consistent with experimental results.     

在Rh(111)面上NO+CO反应机理的密度泛函理论研究

应用基于密度泛函理论赝势平面波方法的CASTEP程序, 对Rh(111)上的NO+CO反应机理进行研究. 对于反应中的各个关键步骤: NO离解、CO2生成、通过N2O离解生成N2以及通过N+N反应生成N2都进行了详细讨论, 计算得到各反应步骤的过渡态以及活化能, 从而确立了各步骤的反应路径.     

Cu催化水煤气的变换反应机理

采用密度泛函理论(DFT), 对Cu催化水煤气变换反应三种可能的微观机理进行了理论研究. 在GGA-PW91理论水平下优化了反应通道上各驻点(反应物、中间体、过渡态和产物)的几何构型, 并通过频率分析对过渡态进行了验证. 研究结果表明, 甲酸根机理的可能性最小, 羧基机理与氧化还原机理的可能性较大, 且与氧化还原机理相比, 羧基机理因在反应过程中有中间体COOH(s)生成, 且它与OH(s)发生歧化反应仅需越过3.8 kJ·mol-1的活化能垒, 所以反应更易遵循这条路径进行.     

乙烯自由基与臭氧反应的DFT计算研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP/6-311G**水平计算研究了O3氧化乙烯基（C2H3）的机理,全参数优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何构型,用内禀反应坐标（IRC）计算和频率分析方法,对过渡态进行了验证.结果表明，乙烯基（C2H3）与O3之间有很强的反应活性.