The analysis of electric properties of thin film composite reverse osmosis membrane with wet impedance method

A study on the electric properties of reverse osmosis composite membrane was conducted by wet impedance method. The thin film of composite membrane was prepared by interfacial polycondensation with 1,3-phenylene diamine and 1,3,5-benzene tricarbonyl chloride. The electric resistance and capacitance of polyamide skin layer of composite membrane was analyzed by alternating current. The dielectric constant of membrane was also analyzed and compared with theoretical value. Concentration and dipping time of aqueous phase play major role in electrical properties of membrane. The effect of acid treatment on membrane properties was also investigated.     

不同显影促进基团对DAR成色剂照相性能的影响

研究了带有不同取代基的显影促进基团对DAR成色剂照相性能的影响.通过比较3个母体及吸附基团相同而显影促进基团不同的DAR成色剂的照相性能,发现不同酰基取代的显影促进基团对DAR成色剂的照相性能有较大的影响,其中带三氟乙酰基取代的显影促进基团的DAR成色剂的照相性能最佳.     

MnO2掺杂金属陶瓷惰性阳极的制备及性能研究

以氧化铝-金属复合材料为基质, 通过掺杂MnO2制备一种新型电解铝所用的陶瓷惰性阳极, 并对添加MnO2的阳极材料的综合性能进行了考察. 研究了MnO2对烧结性能的影响, 并对样品进行了静态腐蚀实验的研究, 测定了样品在500~1000 ℃下电导率随温度的变化. 研究结果表明, 添加MnO2有利于材料烧结且能改善材料的物化性能: 烧结样品晶粒生长完整, 致密度高; 耐高温和抗冰晶石熔盐腐蚀性能好, 平均腐蚀速率降为12.32 mm/year; 导电性能稳定、良好, 具有半导体的导电性质, 电导率随温度的升高而增大, 测得850 ℃时样品的电导率为67 S/cm.     

Influence of different curing systems on the physico-mechanical properties and stability of SBR and NR rubbers

The physical properties of radiation, sulfur and peroxide-cured styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) and natural rubber (NR) were compared. The dependence of the mechanical properties of the radiation-vulcanized SBR and NR on the coagent concentration and radiation dose was studied. The effect of thermal aging on the mechanical properties of the different rubber formulations was discussed. The radiation-cured formulations of SBR have superior mechanical properties and thermal stability compared with those of the chemically vulcanized compounds. Whereas, the radiation-cured formulations of NR have similar mechanical properties but superior thermal stability (based on the % change in E after thermal aging), when compared with those of the sulfur-vulcanized compounds and slightly better than those of the peroxide-vulcanized compounds.     

硒芳香杂环化合物的光谱和电化学性质

用紫外光谱，荧光光谱和循环伏安法研究了含硒芳香杂环化合物（苤硒脑）在不同溶剂中的谱学和电化学性质，对不同分子结构或取代基的苤硒脑化合物的性质进行了比较，并初步探讨了溶剂对苤硒脑化合物谱学性质的影响规律。     

Crease recovery properties of cotton fabrics modified by urea resins under the effect of gamma irradiation

Cotton fabrics initially dyed with reactive dyes were treated with dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea (DMDHEU) resin in order to improve the crease recovery properties. As a comparison, the treatment with DMDHEU was carried out by the conventional thermal curing and gamma irradiation. The effect of treatments on the colour properties, crease recovery, mechanical and thermal properties was studied. It was found that the finishing of cotton fabrics with gamma irradiation affords better crease recovery values at low doses without affecting the colour intensity and the physical properties than the finishing by thermal curing. However, the finishing with higher doses of gamma radiation affects the mechanical properties of cotton fabrics. On the other hand, it was found that the thermal properties were improved with increasing dose.     

Thiophene,Selenophene, and Tellurophene‐based Three‐Dimensional Organic Frameworks

3D frameworks are important because of their potential to combine the advantageous properties of porous materials with those associated with polymers. A series of novel 3D aromatic frameworks are presented that incorporate the heterocycles thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene. The specific surface area and pore width of frameworks depends on the element that is used to build the framework. Optoelectronic properties are element‐dependent, with heavy atoms red‐shifting the optical properties and decreasing the energy gap of the solid. The metalloid nature of tellurophene allows the properties of this material to be tuned based on its oxidation state, even as an insoluble solid. The incorporation of the optoelectronic active thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene units and the effect that they have on properties was studied. A supercapcitor device was fabricated using these frameworks, showing that these 3D frameworks are promising for optoelectronic uses.     

热可逆共价交联氯化聚乙烯的制备和性能

以双环戊二烯二羧酸钾 [DCPD(COOK) 2 ]为交联剂 ,通过共混反应法制得了共价交联的氯化聚乙烯(CPE)热塑性弹性体 (TPE) ,研究了共混反应条件 (温度、时间及交联剂用量等 )对TPE物性的影响 .反应溶解性和IR测定数据证明 ,DCPD(COOK) 2 与CPE分子链上的活性氯反应形成共价酯键而交联 ;物性测定数据表明 ,交联CPE的主要力学性能接近CPE常规硫化胶 ,不同的是该交联聚合物具备可塑性 ,经反复加工三次后 ,其力学性能还略有提高     

长余辉光致发光聚甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物球粒的合成

过去仅用ＺｎＳ和ＣａＳ等的长余辉发光材料(发光时间只有十几分钟 )。加入少量Ｃｏ、Ｐｍ物质 ,发光时间延长 ,亮度提高 ,但Ｃｏ、Ｐｍ具有放射性。以铝酸盐为基料制备的发光材料发光时间 ,发光强度明显提高。铝酸盐掺杂少量稀土元素Ｄｙ、Ｅｕ ,制得发绿光的高亮度光致发光材料、余辉时间长达 1 5ｈ以上 ,而且该材料的使用寿命长 ,高达 1 0年以上[1 ] 。本文研制的发光球粒以甲基丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸乙酯为单体 ,少量的发光粉为关键组份 ,采用悬浮聚合方法合成得到。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(ＰＭＭＡ)具有优良的透明度、光泽度和强度 ,而且具有良…     

有机-无机复合型聚合物电解质的研究进展

聚合物电解质是现在锂离子电池研究领域的热点，有机－无机复合型聚合物电解质（CSPE）是现在聚合物电解质的研究主流。在聚合物电解质中添加无机添末，特别是纳米材料，大大改善了聚合物电解质的机械性能、离子导电性能以及界面稳定性能。对CSPE性能进行了评价，对在CSPE中添加无机粉末性能改善机理作了概括和探讨，并对CSPE的前景作了展望。     

Thiophene,Selenophene, and Tellurophene‐based Three‐Dimensional Organic Frameworks

3D frameworks are important because of their potential to combine the advantageous properties of porous materials with those associated with polymers. A series of novel 3D aromatic frameworks are presented that incorporate the heterocycles thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene. The specific surface area and pore width of frameworks depends on the element that is used to build the framework. Optoelectronic properties are element‐dependent, with heavy atoms red‐shifting the optical properties and decreasing the energy gap of the solid. The metalloid nature of tellurophene allows the properties of this material to be tuned based on its oxidation state, even as an insoluble solid. The incorporation of the optoelectronic active thiophene, selenophene, and tellurophene units and the effect that they have on properties was studied. A supercapcitor device was fabricated using these frameworks, showing that these 3D frameworks are promising for optoelectronic uses.     

The Infuence of Salicin on Rheological and Film-Forming Properties of Collagen

Collagen films are widely used as adhesives in medicine and cosmetology. However, its properties require modification. In this work, the influence of salicin on the properties of collagen solution and films was studied. Collagen was extracted from silver carp skin. The rheological properties of collagen solutions with and without salicin were characterized by steady shear tests. Thin collagen films were prepared by solvent evaporation. The structure of films was researched using infrared spectroscopy. The surface properties of films were investigated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). Mechanical properties were measured as well. It was found that the addition of salicin modified the roughness of collagen films and their mechanical and rheological properties. The above-mentioned parameters are very important in potential applications of collagen films containing salicin.     

Contributions to the Characterization of Chlorinated Polyisoprene Surfaces

Summary: The present work is focused on the characterization of the surface properties and the mechanical properties of chlorinated polyisoprene films. Cross-linked polyisoprene films were treated with acidified hypochlorite solution and the influence of the chlorination time on the surface properties was determined by spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and contact angle measurements. In addition, the effect of the chlorination time on the tensile strength and ageing stability of natural rubber latex gloves was investigated.     

Effect of molecular structure of epoxy oligomers with perfluorinated fragments on hydrophobic properties of powder coatings

An effect of the chemical structure of a series of the synthesized epoxy oligomers with perfluorinated fragments on the surface and mechanical properties of thermosetting powder coatings based on epoxy compositions was investigated. The possibility of their use as modifiers for effective hydrophobic epoxy coatings with a high level of physical and mechanical properties was demonstrated.     

Interaction of cationic modified poly vinyl alcohol with high yield pulp

The influence of polymer characteristics on paper properties has not been well understood. In this work, we aimed at analyzing the performance of various cationic-modified poly vinyl alcohols (CPVA), as dry strength additives, on the properties of high-yield pulp (HYP). Various dosages of CPVA having different molecular weights (MW) and charge densities were applied on HYPs, and the resulting paper properties were evaluated. Also, an atomic force microscope (AFM) was employed to evaluate the attraction/repulsion force developed between modified fibers and AFM probes. Our results showed that the hydrophilicity and contact area of fibers were increased via CPVA application. High MW CPVA with the charge density of 0.7 meq/g was the most effective one in improving the properties of the fiber networks made from HYPs. The changes in the fiber morphology and chemistry played roles in improving the properties of fiber networks. The introduction of similar charges on HYPs via applying various dosages of different CPVAs confirmed that the changes in the fiber chemistry were not the only dominant factor in improving the properties. Additionally, the significance of polymer bridging (polymer characteristics) on the network properties was hindered due to the presence of fines in the HYP.     

Superhydrophobic properties of cotton woven fabrics with conducting 3D networks of multiwall carbon nanotubes,MWCNTs

This article presents the findings concerning the preparation and properties of cotton woven fabrics with a conductive network made of multiwall carbon nanotubes deposited on the fiber surface by the padding method. The next stage of treatment consisted of imparting superhydrophobic properties to the fabrics in solution with methyltrichlorosilane (MTCS) in a waterless medium. The tests performed show that the state of surface and water content in cotton fibers exerts a significant influence on the hydrophobic properties of the analyzed samples. In order to explain the differences in hydrophobic properties, the morphology of the cotton fabric surface was examined using samples with various water contents. The formation mechanism of MTCS coatings on cotton fabric has been proposed.     

In situ estimation of the chemical and mechanical contributions in local adhesion force measurement with AFM: the specific case of polymers

The atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to perform surface force measurements in contact mode to investigate surface properties of model systems at the nanoscale. Two types of model systems were considered. The first one was composed of a rigid substrate (silicon plates) which was chemically modified by molecular self-assembling (SAMs) to display different surface properties (hydroxyl, amine, methyl and ester functional groups). The second system consists of model polymer networks (cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane or PDMS) of variable mechanical properties, whose surfaces were chemically modified with the same groups as before with silicon substrates. The comparison of the force curves obtained from the two model systems shows that the viscoelastic or mechanical contribution dominates in the adhesion on polymer substrates. Finally, a relationship, which expresses the separation energy at a local scale as a function of the energy dissipated within the contact zone, on one hand and the surface properties of the polymer on the other, was proposed.     

Superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic nanostructured surfaces via plasma treatment

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films have been structured with isolated nanofibrils and fibril bundles using oxidative plasma treatments with increasing etching ratios. The transition from fibrils to bundles was smooth and it was associated with a significant reduction in the overall top area fraction and with the development of a second organisation level at a larger length scale. This increased complexity was reflected in the surface properties. The surfaces with two-level substructures showed superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic properties depending on the surface chemistry. These properties were preserved during prolonged storage and resisted moderate mechanical stress. By combining different contact angle and drop impact measurements, the optimum surface design and plasma processing parameters for maximizing stability of the superhydrophobic or superhydrophilic properties of the PET films were identified.     

聚氯乙烯/木纤维复合材料的研究Ⅰ.硬脂酸和ABS改性木纤维对复合材料力学性能的影响

为改善聚氯乙烯（PVC）和木纤维两者的界面亲合性，提高PVC／木纤维复合材料的机械力学性能，分别用硬脂酸和ABS来改性木纤维的表面，研究发现用硬脂酸处理木纤维可提高复合材料的拉伸强度，但对复合材料的冲击强度影响不大．ABS处理木纤维可同时提高复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度。本文也研究了改性剂用量和木纤维含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。