The reduced measure algebra and a K1-space which is not K0

The reduced measure algebra is used to construct, under CH, a hereditarily Lindelöf separable K₁-space X which is not a K₀-space.     

Splitting manifolds as M × R where M has a k-fold end structure

Let X be a locally finite simplicial complex of dimension n, n? 5, equipped with a k-fold end structure [4] and consider a piecewise linear (n + 1)-dimensional manifold M that is proper homotopy equivalent to X × R by F:M → X × R, where R is the set of real numbers. The question arises as to whether or not the manifold M can be split, i.e., written as M = N × R where N is a n-manifold and where there is a proper homotopy between F and (p₁ ° F₀) × id:N × R → X × R, preserving the natural (k+1)-fold end structure, where F₀ is F|_N and p₁ is the projection X × R → X. Of particular significance is the fact that X is noncompact. When the construction of such splittings is attempted, algebraic obstructions arise, which vanish if and only if the construction can be completed. This paper develops such an obstruction theory by utilizing methods of L.C. Siebenmann and the k-fold end structures of F. Waldhausen.     

Asymptotically isometric copies of c0 and l in certain Banach spaces

If X is a separable Banach space, then X∗ contains an asymptotically isometric copy of l¹ if and only if there exists a quotient space of X which is asymptotically isometric to c₀. If X is an infinite-dimensional normed linear space and Y is any Banach space containing an asymptotically isometric copy of c₀, then L(X,Y) contains an isometric copy of l^∞. If X and Y are two infinite-dimensional Banach spaces and Y contains an asymptotically isometric copy of c₀, then contains a complemented asymptotically isometric copy of c₀.     

K1 of noncommutative von Neumann regular rings

If R is any (noncommutative, von Neumann) regular ring with 2 invertible, then K₁ of the free (noncommuting) R-algebra on a set X is canonically isomorphic to K₁(R). If R is unit-regular, then K₁(R) is just the abelianization of the group of units of R. Some examples are computed.     

More stratifiable function spaces

If X is a compact-covering image of a closed subspace of product of a σ-compact Polish space and a compact space, then Ck(X,M), the space of continuous maps of X into M with the compact-open topology, is stratifiable for any metric space M.If X is σ-compact Polish, K is compact and M metric then every point of Ck(X×K,M) has a closure-preserving local base, and hence this function space is M₁.     

Normality in products

If P is a paracompact p-space, P×X is collectionwise normal, and Y is a closed image of X, then P×Y is collectionwise normal.If M is metric, X shrinking, and M×X is normal, then M×X is shrinking.     

T0-spaces and pointwise convergence

The purpose of this paper is to give several different characterizations of those T₀-spaces E with the property that if F:X × E → Y is separately continuous, then it is jointly continuous. One such is that the lattice 0(E) of open sets of E be a hypercontinuous lattice (i.e. the interval topology on 0(E) is Hausdorff). If E is a sober space, then E must be a quasicontinuous poset endowed with the Scott topology.     

The inverse M-matrix problem

One aspect of the inverse M-matrix problem can be posed as follows. Given a positive n × n matrix A=(a_ij) which has been scaled to have unit diagonal elements and off-diagonal elements which satisfy 0 < y ? a_ij ? x < 1, what additional element conditions will guarantee that the inverse of A exists and is an M-matrix? That is, if A^?1=B=(b_ij), then b_ii> 0 and b_ij ? 0 for i≠_j. If n=2 or x=y no further conditions are needed, but if n ? 3 and y < x, then the following is a tight sufficient condition. Define an interpolation parameter s via x²=sy+(1?s)y²; then B is an M-matrix if s^?1 ? n?2. Moreover, if all off-diagonal elements of A have the value y except for a_ij=a_jj=x when i=n?1, n and 1 ? _j ? n?2, then the condition on both necessary and sufficient for B to be an M-matrix.     

Existence of contractive projections on preduals of <Emphasis Type="Italic">JBW</Emphasis>*-triples

In 1965, Ron Douglas proved that if X is a closed subspace of an L ¹-space and X is isometric to another L ¹-space, then X is the range of a contractive projection on the containing L ¹-space. In 1977 Arazy-Friedman showed that if a subspace X of C ₁ is isometric to another C ₁-space (possibly finite dimensional), then there is a contractive projection of C ₁ onto X. In 1993 Kirchberg proved that if a subspace X of the predual of a von Neumann algebra M is isometric to the predual of another von Neumann algebra, then there is a contractive projection of the predual of M onto X.     

A note on the J1-convergence of a first-passage process

Let X₁, X₂, … be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with mean zero such that the common distribution function belongs to the domain of attraction of a stable law G_α,β with 1<α<2 and β=1 or α=2. If S_n=X₁+…X_n and N(ξ)=min{k:S_k>ξ}, ξ>0, then it is shown that $\text{N(nt)}\text{B}{}^1\text{(n)}$, 0<t<1, converges weakly under the Skorohod J₁-topology to a stable subordinator of index $\text{1}\text{α}$, where B¹(n) depends on the norming constant for S_n.     

A note on Banach spaces containing c0 or C∞

It is shown that every separable Banach space X containing a subspace isomorphic to c₀ has a subspace Y with basis such that $\text{X}\text{Y}\text{~}\text{c}{}_0\text{C}{}_{\mathrm{\infty }}$ and the latter space has a shrinking basis and an unconditional FDD. Moreover, it is shown that X ⊕ C_∞ has a basis if X has the bounded approximation property.     

Two properties of M-matrices

If A is an M-matrix with the property that some power of A is lower triangular, then A is lower triangular. An analogue of the Minkowski determinant theorem is proved for a subclass of the M-matrices.     

On the bounded approximation property in Banach spaces

We prove that the kernel of a quotient operator from an L ₁-space onto a Banach space X with the Bounded Approximation Property (BAP) has the BAP. This completes earlier results of Lusky-case ? ₁-and Figiel, Johnson and Pe?czyński-case X* separable. Given a Banach space X, we show that if the kernel of a quotient map from some L ₁-space onto X has the BAP, then every kernel of every quotient map from any L ₁-space onto X has the BAP. The dual result for L _∞-spaces also holds: if for some L _∞-space E some quotient E/X has the BAP, then for every L _∞-space E every quotient E/X has the BAP.     

The D-property of some Lindelöf spaces and related conclusions

It is shown that the space Cp(τω) is a D-space for any ordinal number τ, where . This conclusion gives a positive answer to R.Z. Buzyakova's question. We also prove that another special example of Lindelöf space is a D-space. We discuss the D-property of spaces with point-countable weak bases. We prove that if a space X has a point-countable weak base, then X is a D-space. By this conclusion and one of T. Hoshina's conclusion, we have that if X is a countably compact space with a point-countable weak base, then X is a compact metrizable space. In the last part, we show that if a space X is a finite union of θ-refinable spaces, then X is a αD-space.     

Resolvability of spaces having small spread or extent

In a recent paper O. Pavlov proved the following two interesting resolvability results:

(1)

If a T₁-space X satisfies Δ(X)>ps(X) then X is maximally resolvable.

(2)

If a T₃-space X satisfies Δ(X)>pe(X) then X is ω-resolvable.

Here ps(X) (pe(X)) denotes the smallest successor cardinal such that X has no discrete (closed discrete) subset of that size and Δ(X) is the smallest cardinality of a non-empty open set in X.In this note we improve (1) by showing that Δ(X)>ps(X) can be relaxed to Δ(X)?ps(X), actually for an arbitrary topological space X. In particular, if X is any space of countable spread with Δ(X)>ω then X is maximally resolvable.The question if an analogous improvement of (2) is valid remains open, but we present a proof of (2) that is simpler than Pavlov's.     

Metrization of Fpp-spaces

A Hausdorff space each subspace of which is a paracompact p-space is an F_pp-space. A space X is a closed hereditary Baire space if each closed subspace of X is a Baire space. Using a delicate theorem of Z. Balogh it is shown that a first-countable F_pp-space that is a closed hereditary Baire space is metrizable.     

Global minimum and orthogonality in C1-classes

In this paper we characterize the global minimum of an arbitrary function defined on a Banach space, in terms of a new concept of derivatives adapted for our case from a recent work due to D.J. Keckic (J. Operator Theory, submitted for publication). Using these results we establish several new characterizations of the global minimum of the map defined by F_ψ(X)=‖ψ(X)‖₁, where is a map defined by ψ(X)=S+φ(X) and φ:B(H)→B(H) is a linear map, S∈C₁, and . Further, we apply these results to characterize the operators which are orthogonal to the range of elementary operators.     

Unification Approach to the Separation Axioms Between T 0 and Completely Hausdorff

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new weak separation axiom that generalizes the separation properties between T ₁ and completely Hausdorff. We call a topological space (X, τ) a T _κ,ξ-space if every compact subset of X with cardinality ≦ κ is ξ-closed, where ξ is a general closure operator. We concentrate our attention mostly on two new concepts: kd-spaces and T _1/3-spaces.     

Banach spaces whose duals are isomorphic to l1(Γ)

Banach spaces X whose duals are isomorphic or isometric to l₁(Γ) are characterized by certain classes of operators on X. It is proved that a separable, conjugate space isomorphic to a complemented subspace of an L₁(S, Σ, μ) space is isomorphic to l₁; a $\text{L}$₁ space contained in a separable, conjugate space is isomorphic to a subspace of l₁.     

The wΔ-space problem

We address the following question: “Must every wΔ-space with a G_δ-diagonal be developable?” Consistently, the answer is “no.”Example. Assume CH. There is a zero-dimensional, scattered, locally compact, wΔ-space with a G_δ-diagonal which is not developable.For normal, locally compact spaces (or slightly weaker), the answer is “yes”.Theorem. If X is ω-sCWH, locally Lindelöf, wΔ-space with a G_δ-diagonal, then X is developable.