毫米级单分散聚-α-甲基苯乙烯空心微球制备

采用汇聚式双重乳液发生器通过乳液微封装技术制备得到了毫米级单分散的聚--甲基苯乙烯空心微球。初步研究了各相流速对乳液形成过程、乳液直径及其分散度的影响。基于获得的单分散双重乳液,采用旋转蒸发方式固化得到了分散度小于3%、直径800~1200 m的聚--甲基苯乙烯空心微球。     

微封装法制备空心塑料微球

采用微封装法，以聚苯乙烯为成球物质，对成球的乳化搅拌速度，溶液浓度、水／有机相体积比、实验温度及真空度等因素进行了研究，在此基础上，成功地制得了单壳ＰＳ空心微球，其几何参数为：直径１００－３００μｍ，壁厚２－８μｍ、球形度≥９５％、同心度≥９０％、表面粗糙度≤３００ｎｍ。     

PS-RF双层空心微球的制备

采用聚苯乙烯(PS)空心微球为模板,间苯二酚-甲醛(RF)为前驱体溶液,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为分散剂,以界面聚合反应为基础初步总结出一条PS-RF双层聚合物空心微球的制备工艺,并就制备过程中RF溶液与分散剂油相的选择、预聚时间、搅拌速率、固化温度等影响因素进行了讨论。当RF溶液质量分数为25%,间苯二酚与碳酸钠的物质的量之比为100,预聚24 h,搅拌速率120～200 r/min,固化温度35 ℃时,制得了球形度和同心度达到95%以上,表面粗糙度小于10 nm的PS-RF双层空心微球。     

PS-RF双层空心微球的制备

 采用聚苯乙烯(PS)空心微球为模板,间苯二酚-甲醛(RF)为前驱体溶液,邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为分散剂,以界面聚合反应为基础初步总结出一条PS-RF双层聚合物空心微球的制备工艺,并就制备过程中RF溶液与分散剂油相的选择、预聚时间、搅拌速率、固化温度等影响因素进行了讨论。当RF溶液质量分数为25%,间苯二酚与碳酸钠的物质的量之比为100,预聚24 h,搅拌速率120～200 r/min,固化温度35 ℃时,制得了球形度和同心度达到95%以上,表面粗糙度小于10 nm的PS-RF双层空心微球。     

间苯二酚-甲醛气凝胶空心微球制备技术

 采用微流体注射成型技术,以邻苯二甲酸二丁酯为内外油相,间苯二酚/甲醛(RF)溶液为水相,经过溶胶-凝胶、溶剂交换、超临界干燥等过程制备出了RF气凝胶空心微球。分别采用红外光谱、光学显微镜、X光显微分析、透射电镜(TEM)、N­₂吸附-脱附,对RF空心微球成分、形貌、孔径、直径分布等进行表征。结果表明：RF为单层空心微球,具有典型的气凝胶多孔结构,由粒径为10 nm左右、且粒度分布较为均匀的纳米粒子构成,平均孔径为20 nm左右,球形度和同心度大于95%,微球直径分布在550～750 mm,最大可达到800 mm,达到了快点火靶的基本要求。     

干凝胶法制备空心玻璃微球

在ICF研究中，空心玻璃微球（HGM）因其具有耐压强度高、气体渗透率低、光学透明和相对较低的原子序数等优点，是一种重要的氘氚燃料容器。相对于液滴法，干凝胶法需要较少的传质传热量，并且溶胶一凝胶过程有利于Ca，Al，Zn，Mg等增强组分的均匀掺入，因此，干凝胶法更适于制备大直径厚壁空心玻璃微球。     

微封装法制备聚苯乙烯空心微球的改进

 主要介绍了密度匹配微封装技术，利用此项技术制备的聚苯乙烯空心微球 球形度好于99%，同心度好于98%。另外还对球壳内壁气泡问题及大直径球壳的制备进 行了讨论。     

微封装法制备聚苯乙烯空心微球的改进

主要介绍了密度匹配微封装技术,利用此项技术制备的聚苯乙烯空心微球 球形度好于99%,同心度好于98%。另外还对球壳内壁气泡问题及大直径球壳的制备进 行了讨论。     

液滴法制备空心玻璃微球的模拟计算

 通过对液滴法制备空心玻璃微球的成球过程进行分析,建立了成球过程数学模型,定量描述了液滴的形成、液滴的封装、凝胶球壳的形成与干燥,发泡剂的分解,球壳的预热与熔炼、冷却与收集等过程中,液滴/球壳的大小、速率、壁厚、气压等随操作条件的变化,计算了抽气速率、发泡剂浓度、玻璃溶液浓度和初始液滴大小等的改变对成球过程的影响,并进行了初步验证实验。     

干凝胶炉法制备聚苯乙烯空心微球

研究了一步乳化法制备初始粒子的过程中相比及搅拌强度对初始粒子直径的影响 ,初步探讨了干凝胶炉内成球过程中 ,炉温、炉内气氛、压力等对聚苯乙烯 (PS)空心微球产率及同心度的影响。以分子量为 2 2万的聚苯乙烯制得了直径在 70～ 550μm的初始粒子 ,经乙醇浸泡后 ,制得了含 2 %质量分数发泡剂的干凝胶粒子 ,并在 Polymer-70 0干凝胶炉上制备出了外直径为 4 0 0～ 90 0 μm、壁厚为 2～1 0 μm、同心度≥ 95%的     

多元丙烯酸酯泡沫微球的制备

利用自行设计的三喷嘴乳粒发生器,实现了多元丙烯酸酯空心泡沫微球的可控连续制备。通过配制内层为水,中间层为多元丙烯酸酯单体溶液,外层为聚乙烯醇溶液的水/油/水乳液,在紫外光照射时,室温条件下成功快速地制备出粒径1.5~4.0 mm的多元丙烯酸酯泡沫微球。利用扫描电镜、X光机等测试手段对微球的形貌、表面特性进行了研究,结果显示：泡沫微球的高聚物骨架的折射率约为1.50,由大量分散的蜂窝微孔组成,蜂窝的直径不超过1 μm;多元丙烯酸酯泡沫微球的成活率高达93%,单分散性较好。     

二乙烯基苯泡沫空心球微流体成型技术

基于微流体成型技术,设计开发了一套用于微胶囊制备的T型微通道乳粒发生器,并利用该装置实现了二乙烯基苯空心泡沫微球的连续制备。以二乙烯基苯的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯溶液为油相,以聚乙烯醇的水溶液为外水相,去离子水为内水相,成功制备出二乙烯基苯双重微乳液,并采用水平旋转加热装置使其凝胶固化,再经过溶剂交换、CO2超临界干燥等过程,制备出直径700～1 200 μm、壁厚60～100 μm、密度90～120 mg·cm-3的二乙烯基苯空心泡沫微球。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X-透射显微镜表征,结果显示：微胶囊球形度、同心度和壁厚均匀性较好,成活率较高,直径单分散性较好,外表面较粗糙。     

Aggregation of a hydrophobically modified poly(propylene imine) dendrimer

The poly(propylene imine) dendrimer DAB-dendr- (NH2)8 was hydrophobically modified with dodecanoyl end groups. The modified dendrimer was deposited onto mica by adsorption from solution and observed by atomic force microscopy. With the decrease of adsorption time, the modified dendrimer varied from continuous film to scattered islands. For the adsorption time of 20s the dendrimer formed a sub-monolayer thin film that contained many fractal aggregates of fractal dimension 1.80 that were > 1 microm in diameter and no more than 0.8nm thick. After 5 months at 1#1 , the initial fractal aggregates transformed into disks and other less-branched shapes with average heights of the domains of 0.6nm and 0.4nm, respectively. Formation of the fractal aggregates is explained by diffusion-limited aggregation. The slow reorganization of dendrimer molecules in the fractal aggregates occurs at a temperature well above the Tg of the dendrimer.     

Tandem mass spectrometry of poly(ethylene imine)s by electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)

In this contribution, linear poly(ethylene imine) (PEI) polymers, which are of importance in gene delivery, are investigated in detail by using electrospray ionization-quadrupole-time of flight (ESI-Q-TOF) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). The analyzed PEIs with different end groups were synthesized using the polymerization of substituted 2-oxazoline via a living cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) and a subsequent hydrolysis under acidic conditions. The main goal of this study was to identify linear PEI polymers in a detailed way to gain information about their fragmentation pathways. For this purpose, a detailed characterization of three different linear PEIs was performed by using ESI-Q-TOF and MALDI-TOF MS in combination with collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments. In ESI-MS as well as MALDI-MS analysis, the obtained spectra of PEIs resulted in fitting mass distributions for the investigated PEIs. In the tandem MS analysis, a 1,2-hydride shift with a charge-remote rearrangement via a four-membered cyclic transition state, as well as charge-induced fragmentation reactions, was proposed as the main fragmentation mechanisms according to the obtained fragmentation products from the protonated parent peaks. In addition, heterolytic and homolytic cleavages were proposed as alternative fragmentation pathways. Moreover, a 1,4-hydrogen elimination was proposed to explain different fragmentation products obtained from the sodiated parent peaks.     

Preparation and performance of polysulfone-sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) blend ultrafiltration membranes. Part I

Ultrafiltration membranes were prepared from blends with polysulfone (PSf) and sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) by phase inversion technique. The blend membranes were prepared with polymer composition from 0 to15 wt%. Sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) was used to improve the performance and permeability of blended membranes. The effects of polymer composition on compaction, pure water flux, water content, and membrane hydraulic resistance were studied. The membranes were also subjected to the determination of pore statistics and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) determination studies by using different molecular weight of proteins. The porosity, pore size of the membranes increased with increasing concentrations of SPEEK in the casting solution. Similarly, the MWCOs of the blend membranes ranged from 20 to 45 kDa, depending on the various polymer blend compositions. The pure water flux of the PSf/SPEEK blend membranes increases from 16.7 to 61.5 l m⁻² h, when the concentration of SPEEK increased from 0 to 15 wt%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results qualitative evidence for the trends observed for the pore statistics and MWCO studies.     

三氧化二铝-聚苯乙烯复合微球的制备

 以Al₂O₃-PS复合材料为原料，采用乳液微封装法制备出掺杂Al₂O₃的PS空心微球。三相溶液分别是两个水相：蒸馏水（W₁相）、5wt%PVA水溶液（W₂相）和3wt%Al₂O₃-PS溶液（O相，苯和三氯甲烷混合物作溶剂）。所得微球表面粗糙度低于50nm。     

Crystallinity and dielectric relaxations in semi-crystalline poly(ether ether ketone)

The Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) relaxation is studied for semi-crystalline polymers poly (ether ether ketone) (PEEK), in the range 20 Hz-1 MHz and temperature varying from 80 to 330 °C. The parameter is the crystallization condition in the case of PEEK, which is a semi-crystalline polymer considered as a particulate composite. The relaxation found in the semi-crystalline polymers above the α relaxation of the PEEK is ascribed to the trapping of conductive carriers at the interface between crystalline lamellae and the amorphous matrix. The study of PEEK microstructure is based on differential calorimetry and X-rays diffraction. Two lamellae populations have been detected, that depends on the crystallization temperature and its duration. The crystallinity rate is increasing with crystallization temperature and duration. In dielectric studies, the use of the electric modulus instead of permittivity allows us to minimize the ionic conduction and then leads to the appearance of the interfacial relaxation. According to our measurements, the crystallinity rate is not the main factor of the interfacial relaxation intensity, which also depends on the nature and degree of perfection of the lamellae.     

多元丙烯酸酯泡沫微球的制备

 利用自行设计的三喷嘴乳粒发生器,实现了多元丙烯酸酯空心泡沫微球的可控连续制备。通过配制内层为水,中间层为多元丙烯酸酯单体溶液,外层为聚乙烯醇溶液的水/油/水乳液,在紫外光照射时,室温条件下成功快速地制备出粒径1.5~4.0 mm的多元丙烯酸酯泡沫微球。利用扫描电镜、X光机等测试手段对微球的形貌、表面特性进行了研究,结果显示：泡沫微球的高聚物骨架的折射率约为1.50,由大量分散的蜂窝微孔组成,蜂窝的直径不超过1 μm;多元丙烯酸酯泡沫微球的成活率高达93%,单分散性较好。     

三氧化二铝-聚苯乙烯复合微球的制备

以Al2O3-PS复合材料为原料,采用乳液微封装法制备出掺杂Al2O3的PS空心微球。三相溶液分别是两个水相：蒸馏水（W1相）、5wt%PVA水溶液（W2相）和3wt%Al2O3-PS溶液（O相,苯和三氯甲烷混合物作溶剂）。所得微球表面粗糙度低于50nm。     

Optical properties of polymer poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) film waveguide

The optical properties of novel polymer poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone, PPESK) film waveguide are studied by prism coupler. The optical properties of PPESK-8020, including refractive index, birefringence, thermo-optical coefficient and optical loss, are demonstrated. This kind of material has the advantages of low optical loss (less than 0.24 dB/cm at 1310 nm and 0.52 dB/cm at 1550 nm) and high thermal stability (1% weight loss temperature: 488 ℃). Due to these excellent properties, it may have great potential in optical waveguide applications.