多相流局部混合型质点网格法

提出模拟多相流的局部混合型质点网格法,该方法能稳定地模拟高浓度流体颗粒两相 流. 在每一个颗粒团尺度的欧拉网格下(本文称之为欧拉微元),基于Lagrangian 追踪原理,可直接估计体积内颗粒的总量,从而准确求出欧拉微元和控制容积内颗粒的 浓度(即颗粒在容积内的体积含量). 同时,假设在新的时间步下,颗粒在欧拉微元里充分 混合,形成新颗粒团. 作者对竖直和倾斜容器中单粒径颗粒沉降和竖直容器中双粒径颗粒双 峰悬浮液沉降过程进行了计算,结果与实测数据相符.     

Internal gravity waves: parametric instability and deep ocean mixing

The Boussinesq approximation provides a convenient framework to describe the dynamics of stably-stratified fluids. A fundamental motion in these fluids consists of internal gravity waves, whatever the strength of the stratification. These waves may be unstable through parametric instability, which results in turbulence and mixing. After a brief review of the main properties of internal gravity waves, we show how the parametric instability of a monochromatic internal gravity wave organizes itself in space and time, using energetics arguments and a simple kinematic model. We provide an example, in the deep ocean, where such instability is likely to occur, as estimates of mixing from in situ measurements suggest. We eventually discuss the fundamental role of internal gravity wave mixing in the maintenance of the abyssal thermal stratification. To cite this article: C. Staquet, C. R. Mecanique 335 (2007).     

力学超材料研究进展与减振降噪应用

力学超材料是一类由人工微结构单元构筑的复合结构或复合材料,具有天然材料所不具备的静力学/动力学性能.由于这些超常特性通常取决于微结构单元而非材料组分,这就为力学性能调控和结构功能材料设计提供了新思路.本文在简述力学超材料概念的提出、发展及其超常力学性能的基础上,以装备减振降噪工程需求为牵引,重点探讨力学超材料在水声调控,空气声吸隔声降噪,结构减振抗冲设计等方面的应用探索及发展趋势,为相关领域的科研及工程人员提供一定参考.     

Passive mixing control of plane parallel jets

An experimental study on the mixing of two plane, unventilated, parallel jets reveals an instability characterized by sinuous flapping of the jets and enhanced mixing of the jets with the ambient fluid. The frequency and amplitude of the instability is shown to be a function of the jets spacing and momentum flux ratios, with the maximum mixing occurring for cases with matched momentum flux. When the momentum flux of the two jets is mismatched by as much as a factor of three, the flow becomes steady. Schlieren flow visualization and hot-wire anemometry demonstrate and quantify the large-scale mixing. The instability has a strong frequency and amplitude dependence on the momentum ratio of the jets. The Strouhal number is also found to decrease with the spacing between the jets. The instability described provides a means to passively control the jet mixing with the ambient.     

The mechanical method of constructing the displacement functions in elasticity

ＴＨＥＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＣＡＬＭＥＴＨＯＤＯＦＣＯＮＳＴＲＵＣＴＩＮＧＴＨＥＤＩＳＰＬＡＣＥＭＥＮＴＦＵＮＣＴＩＯＮＳＩＮＥＬＡＳＴＩＣＩＴＹ＊／／ＺｈａｎｇＨｏｎｇ－ｑｉｎｇ（张鸿庆）ＦｅｎｇＨｏｎｇ（冯红）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＭａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃ...     

采用两步优化器的深度配点法与深度能量法求解薄板弯曲问题

随着计算机技术的进步以及机器学习算法的进一步发展,深度学习方法逐渐被广泛引用于各行各业中。本文发展并比较了适应于工程计算的深度配点法与深度能量法并应用于求解薄板弯曲问题。深度配点法采用物理驱动的深度神经网络来,并将物理信息（偏微分方程强形式）引入到损失函数中,最终将求解薄板弯曲问题简化为优化问题。深度能量法则是采用系统总势能驱动的神经网络。根据最小势能原理,在所有的可能位移场中,真实位移场的总势能取最小值,因此我们可以使用总势能构造损失函数,从而求解薄板弯曲问题。对于边界条件,通过罚函数法将有约束最优化问题转化为求解无约束最优化问题。深度配点法与深度能量法的适用性基于神经网络的通用近似定理。由于物理信息跟总势能的引入,增加了神经网络训练的困难,为了解决这个问题,我们发展了两步优化器方法。数值结果表明,深度配点法与深度能量法很适合求解薄板弯曲问题,并且程序实现简单,实现了真正意义上的“无网格法”。     

The effect of closed-loop feedback control on scalar mixing in a plane shear layer

The effect of feedback on mixing in a plane shear layer was studied using temperature as an analog to species concentration. Mixing was quantified using temperature measurements made by an array of cold-wire sensors. Upstream of the cold-wire sensors, a schlieren imager measured the cross-stream position of the temperature interface between the two streams before the primary vortical structures had formed. Surface heaters mounted on the flow partition were used as control actuators. Feeding the gained output from the interface position sensor back to the surface heaters closed the loop and created resonance and out-of-resonance conditions in the flow, both of which increased mixing. The feedback gains were adaptively modified in real time to maximize mixing at a given streamwise station. Finally, it was found that deliberately introducing streamwise vorticity, and then choosing feedback gains that strengthen these streamwise vortices, can greatly enhance mixing.     

Vortex structure simulation for supersonic mixing layers using nonlinear PSE method

The method of nonlinear parabolized stability equations (PSE) is applied in the simulation of vortex structures in compressible mixing layer. The spatially-evolving unstable waves, which dominate the vortex structure, are investigated through spatial marching method. The instantaneous flow field is obtained by adding the harmonic waves to basic flow. The results show that T-S waves do not keep growing exponentially as the linear evolution, the energy transfer to high order harmonic modes, and that finally all harmonic modes get saturated due to nonlinear interaction. The mean flow distortion induced by the nonlinear interaction between the harmonic modes and their conjugate harmonic ones, makes great change of the average flow and increases the thickness of mixing layer. PSE methods can well capture the two- and three-dimensional large scale nonlinear vortex structures in mixing layers such as vortex roll-up, vortex pairing, and Λ vortex.     

A method for the study of turbulent mixing using fluorescence spectroscopy

The mixing of two feed streams in a reactor, one with a fluorescent tracer, the other without, results in a fluctuating concentration field, due to the turbulent flow. Fluorescence spectroscopy allows the characterization of the fluctuations at small scale and high frequencies. Measurements have been made with a spatial resolution of about 30 μm and up to a frequency of 5,000 Hz. Methods have been developed to determine the variance (intensity of segregation) and the power spectra. The spectra can be used to calculate the integral scale of the fluctuations, and in some cases the microscale and dissipation rate. Two optical setups are presented, one based on a nonfocused and the other on a focused laser beam. It is shown that only the focused system has sufficiently high laser flux density and sufficiently small measurement volume to give useful results at the desired characteristic size and frequency. As a demonstration of the method, the turbulent mixing in a continuous stirred tank reactor has been studied. Experiments were carried out in a 225 cm³ baffled reactor, stirred by a six-bladed Rushton disk turbine. The effects of stirring speed and position on the mixing were investigated.     

Advanced response surface method for mechanical reliability analysis

Based on the classical response surface method (RSM), a novel RSM using improved experimental points (EPs) is presented for reliability analysis. Two novel points are included in the presented method. One is the use of linear interpolation, from which the total EPs for determining the RS are selected to be closer to the actual failure surface; the other is the application of sequential linear interpolation to control the distance between the surrounding EPs and the center EP, by which the presented method can ensure that the RS fits the actual failure surface in the region of maximum likelihood as the center EPs converge to the actual most probable point (MPP). Since the fitting precision of the RS to the actual failure surface in the vicinity of the MPP, which has significant contribution to the probability of the failure surface being exceeded, is increased by the presented method, the precision of the failure probability calculated by RS is increased as well. Numerical examples illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the presented method.     

非结构网格上p型多重网格法流场数值模拟

在二维、三维非结构网榕上,针对间断Galerkin方法计算量大、收敛慢的缺点将p型多重网格方法应用于该方法求解跨音速Euler方程,提高计算效率。p型多重网格方法是通过对不同阶次多项式近似解进行递归迭代求解,来达到加速收敛。文中对高阶近似(p＞0)使用显式格式,最低阶近似(p=0)采用隐式格式。NACA0012翼型和O...     

Hot-wire method for measurements of turbulent mixing induced by Richtmyer-Meshkov instability in shock tube

A constant temperature hot-wire anemometry method is applied to the study of mixing zones induced by the interaction of a shock wave with Mach number 1.25 in air with air/helium (heavy/light), air/argon or air/krypton (light/heavy) initially plane interfaces. The single wire gauge is positioned at various locations along the shock tube axis. At the present stage of our investigation, although the analysis of the hot-wire signal is not achieved yet, we report the interesting concept of using hot-wire anemometry as a diagnostic method for shock tube studies of the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability. Based on this preliminary work, we discuss prospective experimental signal conversion, in order to provide some new results for this field of investigation, in particular for resolving characteristics of the turbulent mixing zone which is of most interest. Received 3 August 2000 / Accepted 15 February 2001     

基于仿射算法的深部隧道衬砌力学状态区间分析

根据深部地层隧道结构物理、力学参数信息资料缺乏及各类不确定性模型的特征,揭示了区间模型于深部地层隧道工程不确定性分析的优越性。将限制条件少、适用范围广的链杆模式的矩阵位移理论与响应面思路结合,提出了衬砌结构力学状态参量解析式的搭建方法,并进一步推导出了基于仿射运算的响应面函数矩阵表达形式及其区间上、下界计算公式,构筑起基于矩阵表达的响应面函数区间仿射运算模型。将区间离散逐步逼近规则引入,建立了该模型的优化求解方法。利用该模型及方法分析了某衬砌墙脚轴力及拱顶弯矩分布区间,与蒙特卡洛法计算结果比较,显示本文模型及方法有效地克服了经典区间方法在复杂状态函数中的扩张和溢出这一致命缺陷,提高了准确性和计算效率,分析结果精确度满足工程使用要求。     

Evaluation of fractal dimension for mixing and combustion by the schlieren method

The evaluation of fractal dimension values from schlieren flow images has been investigated. It was found for passive mixing heated jet flows that a value of 2.31, close to that obtained by tomographic imaging, was obtained. For turbulent diffusion flames a value of 2.40 was obtained, and this increased slightly with axial movement and with acoustic excitation of the flame. Broadly counteracting effects due to the transverse differentiation and integration along the imaging beam inherent in the schlieren method was found to arise.     

机械轴承控制系统中的摩擦补偿

摩擦是机械轴承控制系统中最主要的扰动因素,也是影响系统低速跟踪性能的最主要因素。针对系统中动态摩擦力矩的影响,为了进一步提高系统的位置跟踪性能,提出一种重复自适应控制方法。该方法的控制律包含一个参数自适应律、等效PD控制律和一个重复控制律,其中,参数自适应律用来估计未知模型参数并予以补偿,而插入的重复控制器用来提高系统运行曲线的跟踪性能。系统中摩擦模型采用摩擦参数非一致性变化的LuGre动态模型。Lyapunov方法证明该补偿方法保证了闭环系统全局稳定性和对期望位置信号的渐近跟踪。最后,通过对控制系统的仿真研究验证了所提出方法的有效性。     

国外力学核心期刊的研究及其意义

详细介绍综合测定国外力学核心期刊的研究方法,扼要阐述了它对力学学科文献资源建设及学术交流的作用,并对所测定出的国外力学核心期刊结论做了比较客观的评价．     

Dynamic recursive decoupling method for closed-loop flexible mechanical systems

In this paper, a new method for the dynamic analysis of a closed-loop flexible kinematic mechanical system is presented. The kinematic and force models are developed using absolute reference, joint relative, and elastic coordinates as well as joint reaction forces. This recursive formulation leads to a system of loosely coupled equations of motion. In a closed-loop kinematic chain, cuts are made at selected auxiliary joints in order to form spanning tree structures. Compatibility conditions and reaction force relationships at the auxiliary joints are adjoined to the equations of open-loop mechanical systems in order to form closed-loop dynamic equations. Using the sparse matrix structure of these equations and the fact that the joint reaction forces associated with elastic degrees of freedom do not represent independent variables, a method for decoupling the joint and elastic accelerations is developed. Unlike existing recursive formulations, this method does not require inverse or factorization of large non-linear matrices. It leads to small systems of equations whose dimensions are independent of the number of elastic degrees of freedom. The application of dynamic decoupling method in dynamic analysis of closed-loop deformable multibody systems is also discussed in this paper. The use of the numerical algorithm developed in this investigation is illustrated by a closed-loop flexible four-bar mechanism.     

时滞线性系统振动主动控制的滑移模态方法

直接从时滞微分方程求解控制律，对时滞线性系统振动主动控制的滑移模态方法进行了研究，并给出了控制具体实现过程。推导出的切换面和控制律表达式中，除了包含有当前的状态反馈外，还包含有前若干步控制的线性组合。算例结果显示，所提控制方法能够较好地控制系统的峰值响应。且能够保证控制系统的稳定性；若按无时滞控制设计对地滞系统进行振动控制，系统响应有可能出现发散。