Aberration correction of a single aspheric lens with particle swarm algorithm

In order to design a single aspheric lens to meet the requirements of spherical aberration, the particle swarm algorithm is applied to the aberration correction for a single aspheric lens. A mathematical model is constructed, and a program code is developed. Merit functions in an optical system are employed as fitness functions, which combined coefficients of a higher order polynomial equation, a reciprocal of radius of curvature, the conic constant, thicknesses among lens surfaces and refractive indices regarding an optical system. By using this function, the automatic correction of spherical aberration is carried out. The example for a single aspheric lens design using particle swarm algorithm shows that PSO as a tool of the spherical aberration correction for a single aspheric lens is simple and effective, and easy to find a series of good design results. The asphere's more complex surface profile can reduce or eliminate easily spherical aberration at different incidence heights at one time. The automatic design and analysis of a single aspheric lens using this method from the view of a particular optical design problem are presented.     

CAE在塑料光学零件注射成型中的应用

目前光学塑料非球面零件在各种光电仪器中的应用越来越普遍。针对在注射成型光学塑料零件时对质量的特殊要求,本文介绍了利用注射成型ＣＡＥ（ｃｏｍｐｕｔｅｒ ａｉｄｅｄｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ）软件Ｍｏｌｄｆｌｏｗ,通过对塑料填充过程、保压过程和冷却过程的模拟分析,对在成型中各工艺参数和模具结构影响光学塑料零件的残余应力和收缩率等最终质量问题进行了研究。从工艺参数的选取和模具结构设计等方面,提出了如何改善成型光学塑料零件质量的措施,给出了模具面形成型前补偿的方法。通过采用最大实体原则,利用Ｍｏｌｄｆｌｏｗ分析结果进行模具面形补偿最优化计算。     

Development of a double-sided micro lens array for micro laser projector application

This paper introduces the development of a double-sided micro lens array (DSMLA) for application in micro laser projectors. For commercial mass production, it is necessary to investigate the concurrent engineering of optical design, mold fabrication, and plastic injection molding at once. This experiment based the design of the micro lens array on the scalar diffraction theory. The proposed DSMLA can simultaneously shape red, green, and blue laser beams into a uniform projection pattern. An ultra precision diamond turning machine using a slow tool servo method fabricated the mold. The study considered optical design constraints from the feedback of mold fabrication and plastic injection molding, measuring and comparing fabricated samples with calculated results. Experimental results show that the fabricated DSMLAs achieve the desired function and application feasibility for micro laser projectors.     

中小口径双非球面数控抛光技术研究

针对口径Φ62 mm双凸非球面透镜,进行了数控研磨和抛光技术研究.提出了规范性的加工工艺流程,实现了中小口径双非球面元件的高效、快速抛光.根据计算机控制光学表面成型技术,采用全口径抛光和小抛头修抛的两步抛光法,在抛光中对其面形误差进行多次反馈补偿,使被加工零件表面的面形精度逐步收敛.最终两面的面形精度均小于0.5 μm,中心偏差小于0.01 mm,满足了光学系统中对非球面元件的精度要求,并且在保证有较高面形精度和较好表面光洁度的同时,解决了双非球面中心偏差和中心厚度难以控制的加工技术难题.     

Designing a plano-convex aspheric lens for fiber optics collimator

A plano-convex aspheric lens is designed to collimate the emitted light of the fiber optics. In this paper even orders of general aspheres are used to describe the aspheric surfaces sag. To determine the aspheric coefficient, the even asphere polynomial are fitted on the computed sag data. The surface sag data is determined using genetic algorithm method. The surface sag was analyzed by the commercial optical software package ZEMAX. For typical fiber optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of 0.22 was assumed. With this specification, the expected output spot diagram of 20 mm and the maximum aperture of 25.4 mm have been obtained. A comparison between here presented lens and the similar type of conventional lens has been carried out; the proposed aspheric lens corrected the spherical aberration, which led to increase in the collimated distance.     

用于大孔径凸非球面检测的部分补偿透镜的优化设计

针对部分补偿法和子孔径拼接技术对大孔径凸非球面进行测量时,部分补偿透镜的优化设计是关键技术之一,基于ZEMAX软件对用于大孔径凸非球面的部分补偿透镜进行了优化设计,以波前斜率作为优化目标,通过直接观察弥散圆半径对全口径的光线进行优化。设计结果表明,用结构简单的单片部分补偿透镜即可实现对大孔径凸非球面的面形测量,在不同的子孔径区域,部分补偿系统在理想焦面处的弥散圆最大半径均小于165 μm,满足设计要求,验证了结合部分补偿法和子孔径拼接技术测量大孔径凸非球面的可行性。     

CCD摄像机大视场光学镜头的设计

为提高CCD摄像机的成像质量，同时使镜头结构紧凑、小型化，在大视场光学镜头的设计中，引入标准二次曲面和偶次非球面。根据初级像差理论，分析了非球面的位置、初始结构参数的求解规律。通过理论计算和ZEMAX光学设计软件的优化，给出工作波长为0.4～0.7μm、全视场角为80°，相对孔径为1∶1.5的镜头设计实例。该镜头由7块镜片组成，包括一个标准二次曲面和两个8次方非球面；在40lp/mm空间频率处的MTF值超过0.85，全视场畸变小于3％，像质优良     

一种凸非球面镜补偿检验的新方法

凸非球面检验是光学检验中一个比较困难的问题。结合一块Φ110mm的凸双曲面镜,在分析几种传统检验方法的基础上,提出了一种用透镜组补偿检验凸非球面的新方法。令球差系数∑S1=0,用三级像差理论求解光学系统的初始结构,并通过Zemax光学设计软件对初始结构进行优化,克服了传统检验方法的缺点和不足。从设计结果可以看出,系统的像差得到了很好的校正,使得凸双曲面达到了很高的检验精度,从而使非球面的检验更加方便。     

Design of off-axis reflective projection lens using spherical Fresnel surface

In this paper, an off-axis reflective projection lens with single Fresnel reflective surface and three aspheric surfaces were designed. The design method of reflective lens using spherical Fresnel surface is discussed. The MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) of the off-axis reflective lens, with optical magnification 100×, F-number 2.5 and field of view 120°, is over 40% at 0.6 lp/mm on the image side, the distortion is less than 2%. This design method can provide reference for application of Fresnel surface in wide field of view imaging, and possesses a bright future with the continuous development of fabrication technique.     

高变倍比数码变焦镜头设计

为提高变焦距系统的工作性能,使其在大视场时仍具有良好的像质,且系统结构简单,易于机械设计、加工及装调,在设计中引入了传统球面光学设计与非球面相结合的设计思想。选择4个焦距位置进行设计计算,用光学设计软件ZEMAX上机调试,设计了焦距为6.9mm～91.6mm,视场5°～60°的变焦系统,整个系统由4组12片透镜组成,其中包括3个非球面,系统具有变倍比高、视场大等特点。设计结果表明：在设计中采用非球面可使系统结构紧凑,系统成像质量得到提高。     

鱼眼镜头光学系统的非球面优化设计

应用非球面提高光学系统成像质量是镜头设计的常用手段。基于平面对称光学系统的波像差理论,通过分析鱼眼镜头各光学面的波像差贡献,将波像差贡献突出的光学面作为应用非球面的待选对象,结合波像差随非球面系数的变化趋势,确定应用非球面的光学面;应用优化算法和基于光线点列图分布定义的评价函数优化鱼眼镜头系统。通过对一个鱼眼镜头实例进行非球面优化,其点列图范围从全球面优化设计时的200 μm下降到100 μm,其评价函数值下降1个数量级,证明该方法能明显提高镜头的成像质量,对如何有效应用非球面优化鱼眼镜头的光学系统具有借鉴意义。     

塑料透镜在光学系统中的应用

本文对塑料透镜在光学系统中的应用进行了介绍,并对塑料透镜与玻璃透镜进行了比较。着重介绍了非球面塑料透镜在各种光学系统中的应用以及它所显示出的优越性。同时对塑料透镜的原材料、塑料透镜的设计、金属模具的设计和加工、塑料透镜的成型工艺和表面处理进行了介绍。最后还介绍了克服塑料透镜各种缺点应采取的措施。     

标准球面透镜的几何特性与误差分析

标准球面透镜是斐索型干涉仪的核心器件,综述标准球面透镜的几何特性和误差。分析标准球面透镜在干涉照明光路和成像光路中的作用,重点介绍并实验验证了球面干涉成像的R-sinθ几何特性关系模型,给出了采用Q非球面实现非球面分裂的新型设计方法,以及2片式非球面标准球面透镜结构的实例,概述了针对小F数标准球面透镜球面干涉腔中的待测球面调整误差和移相空间非均匀性误差的研究成果,介绍了校正球面干涉腔中误差的波面差分算法,指出在近标准球面透镜焦点位置测量球面时的回程误差影响,从物像共轭关系角度解释了近焦点位置回程误差较大的原因,比对分析了标准球面透镜的透射波前与斜率对回程误差的影响。提出了在设计标准球面透镜时需注意的几何特性关系,以及使用标准球面透镜时易产生的误差和相应的抑制方法。     

Third-order design of aspheric spectacle lenses

The theory of third-order aberrations for a system of rotationally symmetric aspheric thin lenses and relations for calculation of the shape of rotationally symmetric aspheric spectacle lenses with zero astigmatism are described. A comparison of aspheric and spherical spectacle lens design is presented. Possible applications of aspheric lens surfaces are proposed including the design of a spectacle lens with two types of primary aberrations corrected, an anastigmatic spectacle lens with minimum weight and a spectacle lens with the desired aesthetic shape. Our work performs a complex analysis of the third-order design of spectacle lenses considering not only astigmatism but all types of primary aberrations and their combinations.     

改善塑料光学零件成型质量的几个问题

从改进注射成型技术和模具制造技术的角度介绍了提高塑料光学零件的质量所采取的措施。在抑制变形的成型技术中所采用的注射压缩成型方法中，用机械的方法对熔融塑料均匀加压以减小塑件的变形及残余应力。也可采用适当的补偿方法修正模具以补偿塑件的变形。在模具制造中可以在模芯表面镀一层非电镀镍，然后用金刚石车削机床加工，而获得很好的表面粗糙度和表面面形精度。     

一种数码相机定焦镜头的光学系统设计

为适应市场上对结构简洁、成像品质高且生产成本低的数码相机镜头的需要,运用光学设计软件CODE V,在传统数码相机定焦镜头的基础上,结合非球面塑料透镜理论,模拟出了生产成本较低的三片式数码相机定焦镜头。该数码相机镜头结构的特点是：模块仅包括3块透镜;选择塑料镜头代替玻璃/塑料混合镜头或者全玻璃镜头,降低了系统的生产成本;系统的后焦距增大到0.8116mm,能够确保良好的远心光路性能;透镜表面完全采用非球面设计,较好地校正了球差等各种像差,使透镜具有良好的光学成像性能。     

光学塑料元件低压注射成型技术的应用

光学塑料元件低压注射成型技术是相对于传统注射技术的一大改进。它包括压缩注射成型、低压高速成型、注入气体注射成型和降低模内压力成型。它的主要优点是降低压力、降低能源消耗、降低成本、提高工效、提高光学塑料元件质量。这对于我国光学塑料非球面的开发极有好处     

Multi-directional lateral shearing interferometer based on rotatable prism pairs

The common camera lens usually includes the spherical glass/plastic lens and aspheric glass/plastic lens. However, spherical/aspheric shape measurement is still a key problem in the process of optical lens fabrication. At present, the in-process measurement of spherical/aspheric shape is conducted mainly by the probe-contacting method. But after a long time, its probe could be scratched severely and cause some big errors. Laser shearing interferometry is a good substitute to some degree. Nevertheless, it is not convenient for general shearing interferometer to carry out the in-process measurement because it is only suitable for certain kind of spherical/aspheric with respect to aperture or asperity. Here a new lateral shearing interferometer is proposed to solve the described problems. It is based on two Jamin plates and rotatable prism pairs which are used not only for shearing displacement and direction, but also for fringe period and tilt degree, in order to meet requirements of various spherical/aspheric shapes or asperities. The new interferometer features a simple optical structure and two symmetric light paths, which makes its system with minimal error. The relation between shearing displacement, fringe period and prism angle of rotation is given in this paper. And the error source is primarily from the manufacture errors of prisms and plates. The final experiments show that one can achieve good-quality fringe patterns according to the requirement of measurement, concerning the shearing direction, shearing displacement, fringe period, tilt degree, etc.