偏振模色散补偿控制中偏振度技术的性能

基于主偏振态理论，导出了光信号偏振度的解析表达式.并对40 Gb/s光传输系统中的信号偏振度受各种因素的影响进行了数值模拟，包括啁啾、脉冲形状、脉冲宽度、自发辐射噪声以及消光比等.结果表明，偏振度技术能有效地监测和控制40 Gb/s系统中小于37.5 ps的偏振模色散.而且发现就最大化偏振度技术对差分群延时的容许范围而言，脉冲的1/e强度半宽取0.45个位宽（11.25 ps）是最优的.     

40 Gb/s光时分复用系统中两级偏振模色散自适应补偿实验研究

偏振模色散效应严重制约着长距离高速光纤通信的发展,偏振模色散的自适应补偿成为光通信领域研究的焦点。利用两阶段偏振模色散补偿器,采用6个自由度的粒子群优化算法(PSO),通过在线监测搜索光纤链路信号的偏振度极值作为反馈控制信息,在40Gb／s归零码高速光纤传输链路中成功实现了ms量级的偏振模色散自适应补偿。补偿前后采用庞加莱球法测量光纤链路中偏振模色散量,测量结果表明在信号中心波长1560．5nm处,差分群时延补偿前后测量值分别为21ps和1．3ps,而二阶偏振模色散补偿前后测量值分别为266ps^2和43．5ps^2。补偿后实验链路中的一阶和二阶的偏振模色散同时得到不同程度的补偿,并且系统的总的功率代价在误码率为10^-9时小于1dB。     

Broadband all-order polarization mode dispersion compensation via wavelength-by-wavelength Jones matrix correction

We demonstrate wideband all-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation by applying high-speed spectral polarization sensing and ultrafast pulse shaping techniques to characterize and correct the frequency-dependent Jones matrix associated with PMD of optical fibers on a wavelength-by-wavelength basis. We report full compensation of approximately 800 fs pulses distorted to more than 10 ps by a PMD module with approximately 5.5 ps mean differential group delay. The sensing and compensation of Jones matrix take approximately 200 and approximately 500 ms, respectively.     

光纤偏振模色散对信号偏振度的影响

采用一种简化的线路传输模型，详细讨论了在高速光纤通信系统中，线路偏振模色散（PMD ），尤其是二阶PMD、输入信号偏振态等对信号偏振度（DOP）的影响，并指出以信号DOP做 反馈控制信号适合于一阶PMD优化补偿系统，但在较大二阶PMD的影响下，将增加控制算法的 复杂性，使系统可能陷入局部最优解. 关键词： 信号偏振度 偏振模色散 信号偏振态     

Two-stage adaptive PMD compensation experiment for 10-Gb/s optical communication system

We report the adaptive compensation experiment of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) for 10-Gb/s non return-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) optical communication systems using a two-stage PMD compensator and the monitoring technique based on degree of polarization (DOP) feedback-signals. The DOP monitor has its advantages of bit-rate independent and modulation format independent. The two-stage compensator has the capacity of compensation for the first- and second-order PMD. The compensated differential group delay (DGD) is up to 80 ps, and compensated principal state of polarization rotation rate is 20 ps. The time used for compensation is less than 1 second.     

基于光信号偏振度的偏振模色散补偿系统的研究

偏振模色散已成为当前发展高速长距离光纤传输系统的主要限制因素。理论上分析了光纤一阶偏振膜色散效应对高速伪随机非归零码／归零码光信号偏振度的影响，并利用数值模拟的方法分析了信号不同输入偏振态以及高阶偏振膜色散效应对非归零码光信号偏振度的影响。最后对利用信号偏振度作为反馈控制信号的自适应偏振膜色散补偿系统的补偿性能进行了分析，大量统计分析结果表明对于10Gbit／s的非归零码光纤传输系统，当传输线路的平均偏振膜色散值小于43ps时，利用极大化输出信号偏振度的偏振膜色散补偿系统对信号眼图的补偿概率可以达到99．99％．     

An experiment of automatic PMD compensation in 40-Gb/s RZ optical communication system

An experiment of adaptive polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation for 40-Gb/s return-to-zero (RZ) optical communication system is reported. In the experiment, degree of polarization (DOP) is used as feedback signal and particle swarm optimization (PSO) method is adopted as logic control algorithm.The compensation time is about 200 ms, the compensated differential group delay (DGD) is up to 30 ps,and bit error rate (BER) of 10-9 is reached when PMD compensation is employed.     

Dynamic PMD compensation in 40-Gb/s optical communication system

A 40-Gb/s optical time division multiplexing (OTDM) return-to-zero (RZ) transmission experiments in cluding a dynamic polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation was reported. The dynamic PMD compensator is made up of two-stage four degrees of freedom (DOF). The first stage adopts polarization controller and fixed time-delayed line. The second stage is variable differential group delay (DGD) element. The PMD monitoring technique is based on degree of polarization (DOP) as error signal. A novel practical adaptive optimization algorithm was introduced in dynamic adaptive PMD compensation. The experimental results show that the performance of the PMD compensator is excellent for 40-Gb/s RZ transmission systems with the large DGD. With this compensator, a significant improvement of system performance can be achieved in the eye pattern of a received signal. The first-order compensating ability of the compensator is greater than 30 ps. The second-order compensating ability is greater than 200 ps2.The first-order optimum compensating time is within 10 ms. The second-order optimum compensating time is within 24 ms.     

偏分复用系统中偏振模色散补偿与偏分解复用一体化方案

本文建立了偏分复用系统中偏振模色散与信号偏振态变化引起信道串扰的数学模型, 分析了偏振模色散对偏分复用信道射频功率的影响, 并提出了适用于偏分复用系统的光域偏振模色散补偿与偏分解复用同时进行的方案: 用信道的射频功率作为反馈控制信号, 监测链路中偏振模色散和偏振态变化引起的信道串扰的大小, 用改进的粒子群优化算法对偏振控制器进行自适应控制, 同时完成偏振模色散补偿与偏分解复用. 在112 Gb/s偏分复用-差分正交相移键控(PDM-DQPSK)传输系统中仿真验证了该方案的有效性. 结果表明该方案可以使112 Gb/s-PDM-DQPSK传输系统完成自适应偏分解复用的同时, 在1 dB的光信噪比代价下, 使系统对偏振模色散的容忍度提高20 ps. 关键词： 偏分复用系统 信道串扰 偏振模色散 偏分解复用     

基于偏振度的偏振模色散补偿中检测信号对不同归零码型的响应研究

从理论上数值分析和比较了一阶和二阶偏振模色散对各种光调制码型（RZ、CSRZ、RZ-DPSK、CSRZ-DPSK）的偏振模色散的影响,结果表明:不同码型的偏振度大不相同,RZ码受偏振度影响最大,CSRZ-DPSK码受二阶偏振模色散的影响最小,在补偿系统中更适合缓解偏振模色散.     

Polarization mode dispersion compensation in a novel dual polarization differential quadrature phase shift keying system

A novel dual polarization differential quadrature phase shift keying (DP-DQPSK) system is proposed, whose receiver is the same as the single polarization DQPSK system, while it does not need polarization de-multiplexing like the conventional polarization division multiplexing QPSK (PDM-QPSK). Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is mainly considered and PMD compensation for the DP-DQPSK system is studied. As the feedback signal for PMD compensation, the degree of polarization of the signals is discussed in detail. The results show that PMD tolerance can be improved by 89 ps within 1 dB optical signal noise ratio penalty after PMD compensation for the DP-DQPSK system.     

光纤偏振效应导致脉冲展宽的解析模型

在10Gb／s,尤其是40Gb／s以上高速光纤通信系统中,光纤的偏振特性已成为限制系统传输距离的主要因素之一。光纤的偏振效应主要包括偏振模色散和偏振依赖损耗。而脉冲均方根展宽是判断信号传输性能的一个主要物理量。本文讨论了光纤线路偏振模色散与偏振相关损耗的相互作用及对信号脉宽的影响。给出了线路偏振模色散矢量和偏振相关损耗矢量之间的关系式,并基于严格的数学方法,导出了在光纤偏振模色散和偏振相关损耗共同作用下的信号均方根脉宽变化的解析形式,同时考虑了光纤色散,啁啾等。该模型可用于分析高阶偏振模色散和偏振相关损耗,任意线性光纤通信系统脉冲展宽分析。     

Effect of cross-phase-modulation-induced polarization scattering on optical polarization mode dispersion compensation in wavelength-division-multiplexed systems

Interchannel cross-phase-modulation-induced polarization scattering (XPMIPS) and its effect on the performance of optical polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation in wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems are studied. The level of XPMIPS in long-haul WDM transmission systems is theoretically quantified, and its effect on optical PMD compensation is evaluated with numerical simulations. We show that in 10-Gbit/s ultra-long-haul dense WDM systems XPMIPS could reduce the PMD compensation efficiency by 50%, whereas for 40-Gbit/s systems the effect of XPMIPS is smaller.     

Statistical PMD and PDL effects emulator based on polarization maintaining optical fiber segments

Low cost statistical PMD/PDL emulator is presented. The emulator was initially designed as a classical PMD emulator. But PDL measurements of the designed emulator show that it can be also used as statistical PDL emulator. The emulator was constructed by concatenating 15 highly birefringence optical fiber segments and randomly varying the mode coupling between them, by rotating the polarization state between them. The achieved numerical and experimental results show that the designed emulator can mimic the polarization effects (PMD and PDL) of a real modern optical fiber link.     

A model to characterize the effect of cross phase modulation on polarization in an optical fiber transmission system

This paper presents a model that described the process of inter-influence between cross phase modulation (XPM) and polarization effects such as polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization dependant loss (PDL) in an optical fiber communication system. Previous papers have discussed PMD-PDL and PMD-XPM effects in separate models, but in this work we developed a model that is capable of characterizing and evaluating PMD, PDL and XPM simultaneously. From the model, we found that PMD and PDL can be affected by XPM. The presence of XPM changed the vector directions of PMD and PDL in Stokes space.     

基于偏振度椭球的PMD补偿的前馈信息提取方法

通过建立一个简单的模型推导了偏振模色散与偏振度椭球的关系式,可以直接从偏振度椭球的长轴和短轴得到偏振模色散的大小.将得到的一阶偏振模色散大小与理论上从琼斯矩阵中计算的结果进行比较,发现在差分群时延小于20 ps时,模拟结果与理论计算值较好相符.分析了如何从偏振度椭球的长轴判断偏振模色散矢量的方向.因此,从得到的偏振模色散矢量的大小和方向信息可以为一阶偏振模色散补偿提供前馈信息.     

An experiment of PMD compensation in 40-Gb/s PSBT transmission system

An adaptive polarization mode dispersion （PMD） compensation experiment is reported in a 40-Gb/s phase shaped binary transmission （PSBT） communication system, with the use of a new digital signal processor （DSP）-based optical PMD compensator. PMD tolerance is found to be enhanced by 8 ps after PMD compensation with 1-dB optical signal-to-noise ratio （OSNR） penalty. Under the condition of fast change of states of polarization up to 85 rad/s in the fiber link, the performance of our PMD compensator undergoes the bit error ratio （BER） test for as long as 10 h.     

Compensating Large PMD by Four Free degrees in an OTDM System

In this paper, by introducing a two-stages polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensator after a optical fiber link with a large PMD, we compensated over 270ps first-order and 2000ps2 high-order PMD in a optical fiber link with super high PMD. Our experimental results shows that, the compensators based on the two-stages of compensator can be used to PMD compensation in a 20Gb/s OTDM system with 60 km high PMD fiber. Before compensation,270ps DGD is became into max. 7ps after compensation. At simultaneity, the tunable FBG have a function of dispersion compensation.     

偏振模色散动态补偿中色度色散影响的研究

分析了色度色散(CD)对偏振模色散(PMD)动态补偿中偏振度(DOP)反馈的影响,模拟和实验验证了2．5Gb／s和10Gb／s非归零调制系统中光信号偏振度特性和系统误码率特性。表明有色度色散作用时信号偏振度值比仅受偏振模色散作用时要大．但误码率随色度色散量增加先轻度好转后就逐渐变差．偏振度值将不能如实反映偏振模色散对系统性能的影响。且信号两正交偏振分量间能量差别越小或差分群延迟越大,上述两种情况下信号偏振度值偏离就越远。这种偏离还随系统速率和色度色散量的增加而加剧。进一步探讨了实际偏振模色散补偿中减轻色度色散影响的措施,表明当系统中同时存在偏振模色散和色度色散影响时,必须在基于偏振度反馈的偏振模色散补偿前完成色度色散补偿。