土壤源热泵系统的火用成本分析

在对火用分析与经济学原理研究的基础上,利用火用成本分析方法,建立了土壤源热泵系统的(火用) 成本分析模型.以实际的建筑空调系统为背景,运用所建火用成本分析模型与能量成本分析方法,对土壤源热泵系统与风冷热泵系统进行了对比分析计算,并以空气源热泵为基础对土壤源热泵进行了敏感性分析.对土壤源热泵的实际应用具有指导意义.     

能量系统热经济学综合技术的研究

一、前言 能量系统的综合是近二十年来日益活跃的研究领域。使用启发式规则与热力学目标技术已在几种类型的综合问题(主要是换热网络)中取得显著成就,但它们并不能系统地提供普遍性的方法,一般情况下也不能保证最优。能量系统研究的另一学科分支是热经济学,目前大体可分为热经济学分析、热经济学优化与热经济学综合。其中有关热经济     

基于信息流模型的自动驾驶仪多故障诊断分析

为了在多故障情况下对自动驾驶仪故障做出正确诊断,提出了基于相关性矩阵的多故障诊断完备性分析方法,并给出了严格的数学证明;首先对系统的软硬件模块进行分析与划分,利用信息流模型建立故障与测试间的相关性矩阵模型;再根据多故障情况下的诊断完备性分析方法对相关性矩阵进行行列变换,说明在多故障情况下此自动驾驶仪的故障诊断正确率理论上能达到100%,最后构建其故障诊断方法;实际应用表明,此方法对于自动驾驶仪的分析是有效的,可满足系统的指标要求。     

模糊Petri网在车电系统总线故障诊断中的应用

针对车电系统总线故障现象和故障原因之间存在复杂模糊关系而无法实现快速故障诊断这一难题,提出采用模糊Petri网(fuzzy petri net,FPN)建立车电系统总线的故障诊断分析模型,并给出了相应的形式化推理算法;以某型车电系统总线为例,分析比较了各种故障原因的可信度;分析表明:所建模型有效地描述了车电系统总线故障现象和故障原因之间的模糊关系,能够实现故障的快速诊断,该模型可以作为车电系统总线快速故障诊断的理论支持工具。     

电站锅炉熵产分析模型及应用

本文应用单耗分析理论,根据锅炉各设备所发生的热力学过程,分析这些过程的不可逆性,结合熵平衡分析方法,推导出详尽的电站锅炉熵产分析模型,实例计算中,利用该模型针对某超超临界机组进行了分析,提出了节能改造的指导性建议,绘制了该机组锅炉的熵平衡T-△S图。     

一种基于分析的火电机组热力系统性能劣化诊断方法

及时检测和跟踪热力设备和系统的热经济性能劣化趋势,准确开展设备健康与能效状态预警对火电机组节能诊断和运行优化具有重要意义。本文基于分析方法研究了热力设备性能劣化产生机理和影响因素,建立了热力设备和系统的热经济性劣化模型;分析了不同工况和边界条件下,设备固有损失和附加损失的影响因素和相互作用机制;以某660 MW超临界空冷机组为案例,开展了性能劣化模型验证和系统热经济性诊断。结果表明,根据固有损失、附加损失和内部参数的变化,可有效检测和诊断设备、过程和系统的热经济性能劣化状态,为热力系统运行优化、故障预警与状态维修提供理论依据。     

一种复杂系统的快速故障诊断方法

为提高复杂系统的故障诊断效率,基于故障诊断树原理,提出并实现了一种快速故障方法。实现该方法主要包括六个关键步骤,分别是故障诊断树的梳理、诊断节点代码的编写录入、Labwindows CVI软件与数据库的通信连接、故障诊断树显示及故障诊断推理、故障诊断节点的编辑、故障结论的存储与显示。在此基础上,设计开发了相应的故障诊断软件,并利用该软件对某型装甲车辆炮控系统进行故障诊断。结果表明,该型软件人机交互性好、操作便捷,基于故障诊断树原理的故障诊断方法可较大的提高故障诊断效率,工程应用前景广阔。     

故障树分析法在装甲车辆电源系统故障诊断中的应用

为了能够准确地进行装甲车辆电源系统的故障诊断,深入地研究了故障树分析法在其中的应用;首先,以某型装甲车辆电源系统为研究对象,根据系统失效模型和故障机理,将故障树分析法运用于装甲车辆电源系统故障诊断中,建立电源系统故障树模型,进行故障分析与诊断;其次利用电源系统故障诊断平台对电源系统4个模块进行故障模拟仿真研究,可看出故障树分析法能够准确地诊断出电源系统各个模块的故障,检测精度可达94%,取得了预期效果。     

基于有色Petri网的机械系统故障诊断研究

故障诊断对于机械系统的使用与维护起着重要的作用;为了提高机械系统故障诊断的效率以及直观性,提出了一种使用基于知识的故障诊断方法,即使用有色Petri网诊断方法建立一种通用机械系统故障诊断模型并进行分析。针对数控机床液压元件故障这一案例,首先获取其故障来源建立故障树;其次在故障树基础上运用有色Petri网建模工具CPNTools建立有色Petri网模型;最后对模型进行了仿真分析以模拟故障的传递,进行状态空间分析以判断模型安全性,结果表明所提出的建模方法能够使得故障传递更加直观化,快速了解故障的发展趋势,并表明此模型有着较强的易用性以及通用性。     

故障树模块化在装甲车辆灭火系统故障诊断中的应用

为了实现装甲装备灭火系统故障的快速诊断,提出了一种故障树模块化分析方法;对灭火系统故障树进行深度优先最左遍历,并记录遍历过程,按照遍历顺序对故障树中的每个事件进行标定,并将灭火系统故障树划分为相互独立的模块,依据划分的模块可以通过故障现象对模块内的故障进行排查及修复;实验结果分析表明,该方法可以快速修复模块故障,恢复系统功能,简化了以往对灭火系统所有子事件遍历查错的繁琐过程。该方法同样可以计算故障模块的失效概率,并可以实现故障模块的整体更换,恢复系统性能;证明了故障树模块化方法在灭火系统故障诊断中具有较高的效率,简化了灭火系统诊断流程,在装甲车辆其他系统故障诊断中具有借鉴作用,符合现代作战对于装备保障的需求。     

单耗分析理论与结构系数法的对比分析

本文简要阐述了结构系数法和能源利用的单耗分析理论,并针对链式系统进行了初步的对比分析;尽管都是基于热力学第二定律的分析方法,并且它们的结果有一定的相似性,但结构系数法存在某些错误。比较而言,单耗分析理论显得更全面,也更实用。本文以锅炉供热系统为对象进行了详细的单耗分析,对系统中间子系统的(火用)耗损变化所带来的影响进行了详细的分析,结果证明结构系数法所作的“某一子系统(火用)效率变化,其他子系统(火用)效率不变”的假设是不恰当的, 其结论也是不准确的。     

LNG化学能与冷(火用)综合梯级利用的多重联合循环

本文提出了综合梯级利用LNG化学能和冷(火用)的多重联合循环。住对多重联合循环系统集成的设计构思基础上,通过不同物性工质和不同循环方式的系统集成,实现了LNG化学能和冷(火用)的高效梯级利用。新循环的(火用)效率与参比循环相比提高了2.3个百分点。本文成果为更高效综合利用LNG提供新的构思和方案。     

The exergy carry-over index for a utility system

An exergy analysis has been conducted for the utility system of an integrated sugar cane processing plant. A 22 MW boiler supplies steam to five turbines. The availability or exergy analysis establishes the amount of chemical and thermal energy that can possibly be transformed into work. Of the 100 units of available energy from the fuel, only 62.2 units are exergy. The steam cycle absorbs 60.3 energy units, of which 21.0 are exergy. The exergy carry-over index for the boiler is 0.56. The steam transfers to the turbines 2.2 energy units, all of which are exergy. The index is 2.86 for the steam cycle and 1.61 for the combined installation.     

利用LNG冷能的混合工质中低温热力循环开拓研究

为提高中低温余热回收动力系统性能,本文在常规混合工质热力循环（火用）分析基础上,提出了结合LNG冷能利用的新型混合工质热力循环。通过与LNG的有机结合,混合工质热力循环热效率提高14.5个百分点,（火用）效率达到53.6％。为进一步揭示效率提高的原因,我们比较了常规混合工质热力循环与LNG-混合工质热力循环的（火用）损失变化情况。结果表明:LNG-混合工质热力循环高效的关键在于循环平均放热温度的降低以及工质蒸发过程与冷凝过程换热的合理匹配。而LNG冷能的梯级利用则是系统具有较高（火用）效率的根本原因。     

Exergy analysis for greener gas turbine engine arrangements

Exergy analysis is a method that uses the conservation of mass and conservation of energy principles together with the second law of thermodynamics for the analysis, design, and improvement of energy and other systems. The exergy method is a useful tool for furthering the goal of more efficient energy-resource use, for it enables the locations, types, and magnitudes of wastes and losses to be identified and meaningful efficiencies to be determined. The exergy analysis of two-shaft gas turbine arrangements is presented and discussed in this paper. Two configurations (in parallel and series free turbine) are presented here and analyzed separately to identify and quantify the energy and exergy losses. Comparison between the two configurations is presented in terms of work output, efficiency, SFC, exergy destruction, and second-law efficiency for the design conditions. The percentage ratio of the exergy destruction in the individual components to total exergy destruction was found maximum in the combustion chambers (above 90%). The second-law efficiency of series configuration is found to be higher than parallel.     

An Exergoeconomic Analysis of a Gas-Type Industrial Drying System of Black Tea

The performance evaluation and optimization of an energy conversion system design of an energy intensive drying system applied the method of combining exergy and economy is a theme of global concern. In this study, a gas-type industrial drying system of black tea with a capacity of 100 kg/h is used to investigate the exergetic and economic performance through the exergy and exergoeconomic methodology. The result shows that the drying rate of tea varies from the maximum value of 3.48 g_water/g_{dry matter} h to the minimum 0.18 g_water/g_{dry matter} h. The highest exergy destruction rate is found for the drying chamber (74.92 kW), followed by the combustion chamber (20.42 kW) in the initial drying system, and 51.83 kW and 21.15 kW in the redrying system. Similarly, the highest cost of the exergy destruction rate is found for the drying chamber (18.497 USD/h), followed by the combustion chamber (5.041 USD/h) in the initial drying system, and 12.796 USD/h and 5.222 USD/h in the redrying system. Furthermore, we analyzed the unit exergy rate consumed and the unit exergy cost of water removal in different drying sections of the drying system, and determined the optimal ordering of each component. These results mentioned above indicate that, whether from an energy or economic perspective, the component improvements should prioritize the drying chamber. Accordingly, minimizing exergy destruction and the cost of the exergy destruction rate can be considered as a strategy for improving the performance of energy and economy. Overall, the main results provide a more intuitive judgment for system improvement and optimization, and the exergy and exergoeconomic methodology can be commended as a method for agricultural product industrial drying from the perspective of exergoeconomics.     

考虑环境成本的能量系统(火用)经济学分析模型

随着可持续发展战略的实施,对传统的(火用)经济学提出了新的挑战。本文在传统佣经济学分析的基础上,将环境成本引入到(火用)经济学分析中,首先提出了“广义子系统”的概念,建立了包括(火用)环境成本平衡在内的各种平衡方程;在系统生产结构的描述中,将系统中的(火用)流划分成外界输入(火用)流、内部(火用)流以及向外界输出(火用)流三类,最终建立了以矩阵形式表示的各种平衡方程,用于求解系统中各股(火用)流的单位(火用)成本、单位(火用)经济成本、单位环境成本、单位综合(火用)经济成本等性能参数。最后针对某国产200MW机组进行了实例计算。     

Comparative Analysis of Energy and Exergy Performance of Hydrogen Production Methods

The study of the viability of hydrogen production as a sustainable energy source is a current challenge, to satisfy the great world energy demand. There are several techniques to produce hydrogen, either mature or under development. The election of the hydrogen production method will have a high impact on practical sustainability of the hydrogen economy. An important profile for the viability of a process is the calculation of energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as their overall integration into the circular economy. To carry out theoretical energy and exergy analyses we have estimated proposed hydrogen production using different software (DWSIM and MATLAB) and reference conditions. The analysis consolidates methane reforming or auto-thermal reforming as the viable technologies at the present state of the art, with reasonable energy and exergy efficiencies, but pending on the impact of environmental constraints as CO₂ emission countermeasures. However, natural gas or electrolysis show very promising results, and should be advanced in their technological and maturity scaling. Electrolysis shows a very good exergy efficiency due to the fact that electricity itself is a high exergy source. Pyrolysis exergy loses are mostly in the form of solid carbon material, which has a very high integration potential into the hydrogen economy.     

与节能

是在热力学和能源科学中出现的新概念，是评价能量价值的重要参数，它对能源的开发和合理利用具有重大的理论意义和实际意义．文章介绍了的概念、效率、分析法和的合理利用．