超支化PAMAM桥联乙烯齐聚用镍系催化剂的合成与表征

以系列直链脂肪胺为核的低代超支化聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)和水杨醛为原料,通过席夫碱反应制备系列新型超支化PAMAM桥联水杨醛亚胺配体;以无水Ni Cl2为络合试剂,通过络合反应合成系列超支化PAMAM桥联镍催化剂,采用FT-IR和1H NMR证实合成的系列新型配体和镍系催化剂的结构与其理论结构相符.对系列超支化PAMAM桥联镍催化剂催化乙烯齐聚的性能进行了研究,结果表明,超支化PAMAM桥联镍系催化剂配体骨架烷基链长度对其催化活性和选择性影响较小,助催化剂和溶剂影响较大;倍半乙基氯化铝为助催化剂,甲苯为溶剂时,聚合活性较高,产物中C8以上的高碳产物的含量最高;其中以十四胺为核的超支化PAMAM桥联镍催化剂为主催化剂、倍半乙基氯化铝为助催化剂、甲苯为溶剂时,催化乙烯齐聚活性高达1.96×106 g/(mol·h),齐聚产物中C8以上的高碳产物含量为98.77%.     

树状PAMAM改性纳米二氧化硅负载镍催化剂的制备及催化乙烯齐聚性能

以纳米二氧化硅为载体,树状聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM)镍络合物为催化活性中心,通过共价负载制备了一种具有良好催化活性和循环利用性的PAMAM改性纳米二氧化硅负载镍催化剂(化合物G).采用元素分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征了化合物G的组成及形貌.研究了该类负载镍催化剂催化乙烯齐聚的性能,考察了齐聚条件对其性能的影响.结果表明,化合物G具有良好的催化乙烯齐聚活性和循环利用性.基于灰色关联分析得出反应压力是影响乙烯齐聚活性的最主要因素,反应温度是影响乙烯齐聚选择性的最主要因素.当以甲基铝氧烷(MAO)为助催化剂,反应压力0.7 MPa, n(Al)/n(Ni)为500,反应温度为35℃,主催化剂用量为5μmol时,化合物G催化乙烯齐聚活性为3.75×105 g/(mol Ni·h),齐聚产物中C4～C8烯烃选择性为94.98%.化合物G的树状效应使其金属负载量、催化乙烯齐聚活性和C8烯烃的选择性均高于氨基化改性纳米二氧化硅负载镍(化合物E);且化合物G经3次回收循环使用后,催化乙烯齐聚活性为3.12×105 g/(mol Ni·h),齐...     

超支化分子桥联水杨醛亚胺镍配合物的合成及对乙烯齐聚反应的催化性能

合成了一种具有超支化结构的新型水杨醛亚胺配体及其Ni(Ⅱ)配合物, 利用元素分析、 电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、 氢核磁共振谱(¹H NMR)和碳核磁共振谱(¹³C NMR)对其结构进行了表征. 以甲基铝氧烷(MAO)为助催化剂, 考察了超支化水杨醛亚胺镍配合物对乙烯齐聚反应的催化活性及聚合条件(Al/Ni摩尔比、 聚合温度)对催化剂活性及聚合产物分布的影响. 结果表明, 在反应温度为25 ℃、 Al/Ni摩尔比为500时, 该催化剂的活性最高达到5.59×10⁵ g/(mol Ni·h), 得到的聚合产物为全馏分烯烃, 其中高碳烯烃C₁₀~C₁₈的含量最高达91%.     

树枝状钴催化剂的合成及催化乙烯齐聚性能

以1,8-辛二胺为核的1.0代(1.0G)树枝状分子、水杨醛和六水氯化钴为原料,依次通过席夫碱反应和配位反应合成了一种新型树枝状水杨醛亚胺配体和钴催化剂;并对目标产物进行FT-IR、UV、1H NMR和MS表征,证实其合成产物的结构与理论结构相符。考察了助催化剂种类、溶剂种类、反应条件及金属活性中心对乙烯齐聚性能的影响。结果表明,当以一氯二乙基铝(Et2Al Cl)为助催化剂、甲苯为溶剂时,催化剂具有良好的催化乙烯齐聚性能,并在反应温度为25℃、Al/Co摩尔比为1500、压力为1.0MPa、时间为0.5h时,催化活性达到6.84×10~5g/(mol Co·h),齐聚产物中C_8及C_8以上的烯烃含量为52.77%。     

新型链行走烯烃聚合催化剂的合成及其催化活性

以二氯化镍为原料制得配合物(DME)Ni Cl2(1);以2,6-二异丙基苯胺和丁二酮为原料,经缩合反应制得α-二亚胺配体(2);1与2经络合反应合成了一种用于乙烯齐聚制备超支化聚乙烯的新型链行走催化剂(3),其结构经IR,XRD和元素分析表征。以乙烯齐聚为探针反应,考察了助催化剂,反应温度和反应时间对3催化活性的影响。结果表明:在较优反应条件[Al Et30.14 mol,n(Al)∶n(Ni)=600,于20℃反应0.5 h]下,3催化活性为2.5×106g PE·(mol·Ni·h·MPa)-1。齐聚产物为支化聚乙烯,部分支链中碳原子数大于4。     

双核水杨醛亚胺铁系催化剂的合成及对乙烯齐聚催化性能的研究

以1.0代(1.0G)树枝状大分子、水杨醛和FeCl_2·4H_2O为原料,依次经过希夫碱反应和络合反应合成了一种双核水杨醛亚胺铁系催化剂。FT-IR、1 H NMR、UV和MS证实合成产物的结构与理论结构相符。以甲基铝氧烷(MAO)为助催化剂,考察了溶剂种类、反应温度、反应压力、Al/Fe摩尔比及金属活性中心种类对催化体系催化乙烯齐聚性能的影响。结果表明,当以甲苯为溶剂,聚合时间为30min,反应温度为15℃、反应压力为0.5MPa、Al/Fe摩尔比为1000时,该双核水杨醛亚胺铁系催化剂的活性可达1.14×10~5g/(mol Fe·h),齐聚产物中C_4及C_6烯烃含量高达90%以上。     

吡啶亚胺基酞菁镍系催化剂催化乙烯齐聚性能及其动力学研究

以四氨基镍酞菁、吡啶-2-甲醛和NiCl2·6H2O为原料,先后经过席夫碱反应和络合反应得到一种新型吡啶亚胺基酞菁配体及其镍系催化剂。合成产物的结构通过红外光谱(FTIR)、紫外(UV-Vis)、核磁共振氢谱(¹H-NMR)、电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、同步热分析(TG-DSC)及电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)等方法进行表征。对其催化乙烯齐聚性能进行考察,并研究了该反应的动力学。催化乙烯齐聚实验结果表明,当溶剂为环己烷、助催化剂为甲基铝氧烷(MAO)、催化剂用量为5μmol/L、齐聚压力为1.0 MPa、齐聚温度为35℃、Al/Ni摩尔比为500时,吡啶亚胺基酞菁镍系催化剂的活性可达8.82×10⁵ g/(mol Ni·h),丁烯和己烯的含量分别为58.22%和39.85%。对吡啶亚胺基酞菁镍系催化剂催化乙烯齐聚反应动力学方程进行拟合计算,结果表明该反应对催化剂摩尔浓度的反应级数为1.24,对齐聚压力的反应级数为0.95,当活性中心的浓度为5μmol/L、齐聚压力为1.0 MPa、齐聚温度为5～35℃时,该反应的表观活化能为71.4...     

树枝状吡啶亚胺铬催化剂的合成及其催化性能研究

以1. 0代聚酰胺-胺树枝状大分子为配体骨架、吡啶二甲醛为原料,合成了一种新型树枝状吡啶亚胺(DPI)配体,再以CrCl_3·6H_2O为络合试剂,制备DPI-Cr催化剂。采用IR、UV-Vis、MS、元素分析等确证了产物结构。考察溶剂种类、助催化剂种类、反应温度、乙烯压力以及Al/Cr摩尔比对DPI-Cr催化乙烯齐聚性能的影响。结果表明,DPI-Cr催化剂表现出良好的催化活性和烯烃选择性,优化反应条件下,催化效率可达4. 91×10~4g/mol Cr·h,C_6和C_8选择性为73. 90%。     

基于5-氨基邻甲酚的膦配体的合成及在乙烯齐聚中的应用

以5-氨基邻甲酚与二苯基氯化膦为原料,通过取代反应合成了一种含有PNP和P—O结构的膦配体并确定了其结构.通过与Cr(acac)_3原位生成以及与Cr Cl3(THF)_3预制的方法制成配合物作为主催化剂,以甲基铝氧烷(MAO)为助催化剂,形成催化体系用于催化乙烯齐聚反应,考察了溶剂种类、反应温度、反应压力及Al/Cr摩尔比对该催化剂的活性和选择性的影响,并与原位生成的邻位和对位氨基酚类膦配体催化体系催化乙烯齐聚反应效果进行了对比.试验结果表明,以环己烷为溶剂,MAO为助催化剂,当反应温度为50℃、反应压力为2.5 MPa、Al/Cr摩尔比为700的条件下,该催化剂的活性最高达5.91×10~6 g/(mol·Cr·h),液相产物中1-辛烯选择性高达72.94%,1-己烯和1-辛烯总的选择性为82.11%.     

过渡金属乙烯齐聚与聚合催化剂研究进展

综述了近年来过渡金属配合物催化乙烯齐聚与聚合的最新进展;介绍了乙烯齐聚或聚合的反应时间、反应温度、乙烯压力、助催化剂用量等反应条件及配体上不同取代基对前过渡金属(铬,锆,钛,钒)和后过渡金属(铁,钴,镍,铜)配合物的催化活性和齐聚或聚合产物的影响;分别以钛和镍配合物催化剂为例,介绍了前过渡金属和后过渡金属催化乙烯齐聚或聚合的机理。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。